Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as an insulin-dependent form of diabetes mellitus, is usually autoimmune disorders which regularly commences during childhood; thus the name juvenile-onset disorder. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the human system attacks the pancreas with its antibodies, thus damaging the pancreas. Constant occurrence of such attacks incapacitates the pancreas capacity to manufacture insulin hence causing type 1 diabetes. Besides the autoimmune conditions, type 1 diabetes may be stimulated by genetic diseases or ecological aspects.

Genetic aspects

Statistics has exhibited that, if an individual’s immediate relative has type 1 diabetes, the person possesses optimal possibilities of acquiring this form of the disorder. However, Human Leukocyte Antigen genetic, also referred to as the HLA genes; aspects type two possesses maximum attraction to the juvenile-onset condition. The HLA genes result in a minimum of seventeen loci to the inherent vulnerability associated with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, persons diagnosed with this disorder where the root cause is genetic features possess HLA DR3 haplotype or HLA DR4

Ecological aspects. Environmental elements such as viruses and dietary choices trigger the various symptoms and signs of type 1 diabetes. Dietary choices, such as dairy products stimulate the occurrence of type 1 diabetes.

The recent worldwide incline in the occurrence of type 1 diabetes is three percent. At the same time, further reports state that the prevalence of type 1 diabetes was forty per cent greater in 2010 in comparison to the prevalence rate in 1998. The drastic increase indicates the action of the ecology on vulnerability genes which results in the growing epidemiology of juvenile-onset diabetes. Also, persons who have type 1 diabetes possess the elevated likelihood of developing stroke and heart disorders.

Laboratory diagnostic tests

Type 1 diabetes is examined through the AIC plasma test, which approximates the respective person plasma glucose levels over the past ninety days. Thus permitting comprehension of plasma glucose levels for a more extended period hence optimal diagnosis.

Blood sugar level test

The test is usually optimal for diagnosis of diabetes. The test is referred to as the two-hour oral glucose tolerant test, generally abbreviated as OGTT. The analysis includes eight hours of fasting, and then a plasma sample is drawn and examined for a plasma glucose level. Subsequently, the patient swiftly consumes high-sugar liquid, and then a plasma sample is drawn and tested. If the glucose level is extremely high especially when their fasting plasma glucose level was at the usual rate, the respective person is diagnosed with diabetes since there lacks sufficient insulin to deliver sugar from the plasma into the body cells

Signs and symptoms

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by various signs and symptoms, which includes constant urination, unexplained weight reduction, elevated thirst, persistent exhaustion, stomach agony, fruity smell, and blurred vision.

Treatment and management

Type 1 diabetes treatment engages injection with insulin into the fatty membrane near the skin by use of syringes, jet injectors that utilize extreme pressure air to transmit a spray of insulin to the patient body system or utilization of insulin pens that employ prefilled cartridges. Additionally, the patient should make various lifestyle modifications which incorporates adopting a healthy dietary, constant physical workout, taking insulin and other prescription which may be prescribed due to diabetes-associated complications and regularly testing and recording plasma glucose levels to ensure type 1 diabetes management.

Implications for advanced practice nurse

Possession of various competencies and experience by advanced practice medical practitioners which permits the provision of sophisticated medical amenities centred on the requirements of informed patient, provide medical care from diverse faculties, possession of opportunities to establish the facilities that regional practices have omitted and provision of extensive emphasis of an elastic unit approach

Questions for the classmates to respond

Other than the stated laboratory and diagnostic tests, what are different criteria for type 1 diabetes?

As a medical profession, how would you ensure effective management of type 1 diabetes patient possessing heart failure complication?

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