The Bing Bang Theory

The Bing Bang Theory

For centuries, people have often looked at the sky and most specifically the starts and wondered how the universe came to develop into its present nature. The result has been a philosophical, religious and scientific discussion. Different scholars such as Edwin Hubble and Albert Einstein have made significant efforts to uncover the mystery of the universe development into its current state. One of the most common beliefs that human beings think that the universe developed is the Bing Bang theory. Unlike what many people presume, the Bing Bang theory does not explain the origin of the universe but it describes its development from a tiny dense state to its current form today. Logically, according to the sentiments fronted by famous philosophers such as Edwin Hubble postulate that the Bing Bang theory came as a result of earth expansion from a minute to a larger state. In this regard, this essay paper primarily discusses about the Bing Bang theory in depth.

The Bing Bang theory is an astrophysical model for the observable features of the universe from its earliest forms of origin, its development through different stages to its current state. The Bing Bang theory explains expansion of the universe from very high temperature state to its current form (Smarandache, 2016). It also explains different phenomena such as presence of many light elements, huge scale structure and cosmic microwave background. Fundamentally, the Bing Bang is a theory that explains the origin of the universe. It explains that the universe began from one single point and developed into its current state. Some philosophers argue that this expansion could still be increasing.

According to the Bing Bang theory, in the beginning of the universe, there were small hot particles that were mixed with energy and light. The particles expanded and later cooled down to form the present universe. The small particles later cooled down and some joined together to become atoms. Over time, these atoms developed into galaxies and stars. The first atoms developed into larger particles known as molecules. This led to the formation of more stars. During this time, galaxies were separating and grouping each other together. During the formation of new stars, comets, asteroids, black holes and planets were formed.

Just after the universe was formed, there were very hot particles that were approximated to have over 10 billion degrees Celsius (Trouille et al., 2013). These particles were made of different elements such as protons, neutrons and electrons. After sometime, the universe started cooling. This made the particles to decay and become more intact. However, after some time, the free electrons combined with photons to disperse just as sunlight disperses from water droplets. After some time, the nuclei combined with the free electrons to form the neutral atoms. Several years later, some scientists discovered that the universe was different on its hemispheres. This raised some concerns on the varying shapes of the universe and attracted many scientists to research on the difference. They observed higher temperatures in the southern hemisphere. This raised many questions among astronomers on the composition of the universe. Researchers thus, came to conclude that the universe is made up of different matter that is hard to understand with conventional instruments. This led to the naming of dark energy and dark matter. The researchers found out that about 5% of the entire universe is composed of matter such as stars, galaxies and planets.

Some astronomers argue that the earth is expanding so rapidly such that after sometime, no one will be able to see some galaxies from any vantage point of the earth. Some scientists argue that we experience different types of a universe. Scientists claim that the universe we see could have formed into different shapes. However, as a result of probability, we may have found out that we only see the current universe in which we live in.

With regard to the Bing Bang theory, the initial universe has greatly evolved through different stages to the current universe. 3000 years later after Bing Bang and the era of dominant radiation, the radiation density of the universe was higher than that of matter. However, as the universe continued to expand, the radiation density falls at a faster rate than the density of matter and the entire universe became dominated by matter. The universe experienced falling temperatures through expansion until the temperatures went down to as low as 3000Kelvin within a span of about 300, 000 years (Sartain, 2015). During this time, the photons lacked enough energy to prevent electrons and atomic nuclei from binding which would lead to the formation of helium atoms and hydrogen and as such, the recombination process began. Since this time of recombination, the stars, planets and galaxies among other astronomical structures were formed leading to the continued expansion of the universe.

With regard to the Hubble law, the continued expansion of the universe, one can conclude that at one point in the past, all matter was enclosed in a small space. One of the significant observations that is in support of the Bing Bang theory is the availability of large amounts of helium, lithium, hydrogen, and deuterium. These elements have remained unchanged since formation of the universe. In particular, the high availability of helium and deuterium are strong determinants of the synthesis of these elements in the Bing Bang.

Another major observation that supports the Bing Bang is the background radiation of the cosmic microwave background. Due to the universe expansion, it was predicted that the Bing Bang radiation would have lowered its temperatures to approximately 3 degrees Kelvin at the present epoch (Quintero & Quiñones, 2019). The radiation of the microwave background with a closely related wavelength dependence of that was almost similar to that of a black body that saturates the universe at 2.72Kelvin. This closely relates with fireball whose radiation was in thermal equilibrium, and is probably the most significant evidence for the Bing Bang.

Although the Bing Bang model gives a detailed explanation of the universe in different aspects such as how it started, developed through different stages until its current state, it fails to give a detailed and elaborative picture of the initial nature of the universe (Das, 2017). The earliest time that scientists can predict the formation of the universe does not contain an account of how properties of space came into being. Additionally, just after the Bing Bang was formed, scientists claim that there was an immediate inflammation of the universe whereby it increased in size ten times. After about 33 seconds of expansion, the temperatures of the Bing Bang fell and its size reduced to about 10 Kelvin after one second (Malik, 2019). The Bing Bang theory does not predict the inflation period, which without it the universe would have been so large. Despite these observations, the Bing Bang theory still remains unaccepted because it has some weaknesses that without being proven scientifically regarding their practicality, they would be invalid. However, despite its weaknesses, the Bing Bang theory is still universally regarded as the most significant theory that gives a detailed explanation of the origin and formation of the universe.

Just after the formation of the universe, there was production of light elements through Bing Bang nucleosynthesis process. 380000 years after the formation of the universe, there was too much heat for the universe to shine. The excess heat formed cracked atoms with too much force forming plasma, which is an opaque mixture of neutrons, protons and electrons that separated the light. After about 380000 years after Bing Bang formation, atoms formed as a result of cooling of matter which led to transparent, neutral gas (Kalachanis et al., 2019). This loosened the initial flash of light that had been created after the Bing Bang. After this time, the universe turned dark again because bright objects such as stars and the moon had not yet been formed.

Four million years later after the formation of Bing Bang, the universe started emerging from the cosmic dark ages during reionization. During this time, there were formations of gas clumps that led to formation of galaxies and stars. The light destroyed most of the hydrogen present in the neutral hydrogen.  After this process, the dark energy began increasing the speed of universe expansion again. This phenomenon has since continued and is believed to be the reason for the present shape and nature of the universe (Bajpeyee, n.d) Thus, the Bing Bang can be described as an appearance of space everywhere during the formation of the universe. Therefore, the formation of the Bing Bang has remained a challenge even for the scientists since it is not clearly know how the universe developed through different stages to its present nature.

Also, the Bing Bang fails to acknowledge the presence of some of the elements present in the universe. It is, therefore, not fully recognized as a true theory as some of its claims cannot be justified. However, with the absence of another theory that has some significant proofs of how the universe came into being, the Bing Bang theory still remains one of major theories that give a detailed explanation on the beginning and development of the universe through different stages (Deng et al., 2012). In 2014, scientists claimed to have found one of the contributing factors for the Bing Bang theory (Adhikari, 2011). They claimed to have found the cosmic microwave signal background that could be used as enough evidence for gravitational waves that are the reason behind the formation of the Bing Bang. This is a clear indication that the Bing Bang could have enough information regarding formation of the universe.

The Bing Bang is important in determining when specific events happened. For instance, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years. This figure has been determined following the formation of the Bing Bang. Thus, different events that happened in the past can be estimated in relation to the formation of the Bing Bang.

Therefore, the universe can be said to be one of the driving factors that enable human beings to understand how the universe was formed and how different aspects of the universe came to be. Therefore, it is not only the formation of astronomical bodies such as starts and the moon that give credit to the Bing Bang theory but everyone who appreciates the origin and development of the universe.

References

Adhikari, K. R. (2011). the question on origin of the universe and Big Bang. Himalayan Physics, 2, 67-70.

Bajpeyee, S. Conventional Big Bang Theories and Tired Light Theories.

Das, T. (2017). Origin of singularity in Big Bang theory from zero point energy. Canadian Journal of Physics, 95(8), 767-769.

DENG, H. G., CAO, W. H., YANG, B. C., MEI, W. P., & AO, B. Q. (2012). Weak periodical signal detection based on wavelet threshold de-noising and chaos theory [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 5.

Kalachanis, K., Anastasiou, A., Kostikas, I., Theodossious, E., & Dimitrijevi, М. S. (2019). THE THEORY OF BIG BANG AND THE EARLY-CHRISTIAN TEACHING ABOUT THE ‘EX NIHILO’CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE. European Journal of Science and Theology, 15(2), 31-37.

Malik, S. S. (2019). Cosmic Perspective of the Beginning. Scientific GOD Journal, 10(6).

Quintero Quiñones, C. A. (2019). “Linguistic elements in the subtitling of The Big Bang theory: How Latin American Spanish and Peninsular Spanish translations differ”.

Sartain, J. A. (2015). Gender and Genius in The Big Bang Theory. Genius on television: Essays on small screen depictions of big minds, 96.

Smarandache, F. (2016). Extension of the Bing Bang Theory to Cycles of Beginning and Ending. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, 61.

Trouille, L. E., Coble, K., Cochran, G. L., Bailey, J. M., Camarillo, C. T., Nickerson, M. D., & Cominsky, L. R. (2013). Investigating student ideas about cosmology III: Big bang theory, expansion, age, and history of the universe. Astronomy Education Review, 12(1).