Picot Question and Literature Search
Diabetes.
Diabetes is a condition of the body where the function of processing blood sugar is impaired. The blood sugar is the fuel of the body, i.e., when processed, it powers the cells making up the brain and the muscles. There are two main types of diabetes. They include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. The two conditions involve a variation of blood glucose levels to levels that are averagely higher than the average glucose levels. Other conditions have similar effects on diabetes but not as significantly high as the condition. They include pre-gestational diabetes and pre-diabetes.
Some of the symptoms that show signs of the condition include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, irritability, slow healing sores, unexplained weight loss, etc. these symptoms are mainly predisposed to certain factors. They include: Don't use plagiarised sources.Get your custom essay just from $11/page
- Weight
- Family history, i.e., genetic factors
- Environmental factors
- Age
- High blood pressure
- Gestational diabetes
The condition’s cause is not well established, but there are studies, and the results are of the factors disposing of an individual to the disease.
Diabetes manifestation.
It mainly involves the increase in blood sugar levels to very high levels. The hike leads to a corresponding rise in insulin production to ration high sugar levels. The increase is an involuntary response that automates to the contrary action. As the levels decrease, it leads to insulin production from the pancreas reducing. That is the normal function for a healthy individual, but with diabetes, there is altering of the responses. The cases occur with little or no insulin production with increasing blood sugar levels.
There is no cure for diabetes!
Picot Question– how does the study of diabetes affect the prevalence of the disease in different communities?
Literature Evaluation Table
Student Name:
Change Topic (2-3 sentences):
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
| (2019). Retrieved 3 December 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073425/ | Cardona, A., Day, F., Perry, J., Loh, M., Chu, A., & Lehne, B. et al. (2019). Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a British Population: EPIC-Norfolk Study. Diabetes, 68(12), 2315-2326. doi: 10.2337/db18-0290 |
| Article Title and Year Published
| Perceptions of Diabetes, Barriers to Disease Management, and Service Needs: A Focus Group Study of Working Adults with Diabetes in Hawaii.2011 | Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a British Population: EPIC-Norfolk Study. 2019 December
|
| Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
| It aims at understanding the disease condition using an adult group as the subject of study.
| Hypothesis: Epigenetic changes will contribute substantially to the risks of diseases of aging. |
| Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
| Exploratory study | A retrospective cohort study. |
| Setting/Sample
| Seventy-four working adults in Hawaii were questioned to analyze barriers to getting services of disease management. | A cohort of 25639 individuals between the ages of 40-79. |
| Methods: Intervention/Instruments
| Basic demographic questionnaires. | Study of whole blood MVPs to body tissues |
| Analysis
| Descriptive analysis was used to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. | Confirmatory data analysis. |
| Key Findings
| There was a need for public education in disease management. | The key markers that show predisposal to diabetes mellitus |
| Recommendations
| Coordinative services should be offered to ensure public awareness of diabetes and its management. | Ensure screening of the markers will ensure awareness of a predisposition to the condition. |
| Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone Project
| Identifies a compelling problem in healthcare. | The findings are used to bridge the gap in knowledge of the causes of prevailing diabetes mellitus condition. |
| Criteria | Article 3 | Article 4 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
| Romer, A., Singer, R., Sui, L., Egli, D., & Sussel, L. (2019). Murine Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation and the Differentiation of Human Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Expressing Cells Require NEUROD1. Diabetes, 68(12), 2259-2271. doi: 10.2337/db19-0117 | Hirsch, I., Nardacci, E., & Verderese, C. (2019). Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Implications for Use of Continuous Data in Daily Diabetes Management. Diabetes Spectrum, 32(4), 355-367. doi: 10.2337/ds18-0059 |
| Article Title and Year Published
| Murine Perinatal β-Cell Proliferation and the Differentiation of Human Stem Cell–Derived Insulin-Expressing Cells Require NEUROD1. 2019 December.
| Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Implications for Use of Continuous Data in Daily Diabetes Management. 2019
|
| Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
| To study if the Inactivation of the β-cell transcription factor NEUROD1 causes diabetes in mice and humans. | To study the implications of the use of continuous data in daily diabetes management.
|
| Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
| Case-control study. | Exploratory study |
| Setting/Sample
| Data gathered from the experiment used in National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus database. | The use of the flash device in easing the daily activities of glucose monitoring of diabetic patients. |
| Methods: Intervention/Instruments
| Data from clinical experimentation. | Use of data from the flash instrument. |
| Analysis
| Descriptive statistics using averages, standard deviation and percentages. | Data from the flash kit shows the variation from the current to the average glucose levels |
| Key Findings
| The study shows the use of NEUROD1 as a requirement for α- and β-cell development. | Continuous collection of glucose levels data is the key to diabetes management. |
| Recommendations
| The use of science, i.e., NEUROD1 in the control of diabetes in mice by the development of enhancement growth of the alpha and beta insulin-producing cells. | The implementation of this technology is useful in the control and management of the diabetes condition. |
| Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone
| It focuses on evidence-based practice that will initiate the improvement of healthcare facilities. | The study identifies a compelling problem in the healthcare department. Data here is critical in the management of the diabetes condition. |
| Criteria | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| Author, Journal (Peer-Reviewed), and Permalink or Working Link to Access Article
| Hoober, M., & Pennock, J. (2019). Community Primary Care Diabetes Pathway. Clinical Diabetes, 37(4), 382-385. doi: 10.2337/cd18-0101
| Fortmann, A., Savin, K., Clark, T., Philis-Tsimikas, A., & Gallo, L. (2019). Innovative Diabetes Interventions in the U.S. Hispanic Population. Diabetes Spectrum, 32(4), 295-301. doi: 10.2337/ds19-0006 |
| Article Title and Year Published
| Community Primary Care Diabetes Pathway. 2019 | Innovative Diabetes Interventions in the U.S. Hispanic Population. 2019
|
| Research Questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative), and Purposes/Aim of Study
| It aimed at providing more intensive diabetes healthcare and support. | The purpose is to provide interventions to manage diabetes, especially in the U.S Hispanic population. |
| Design (Type of Quantitative, or Type of Qualitative)
| Exploratory study. | A retrospective cohort study. |
| Setting/Sample
| Patients of the health facility affected by an A1C>=9% | 16145 Hispanics with a type 2 diabetes prevalence of 16.9% |
| Methods: Intervention/Instruments
| Data from Community Primary Care Diabetes. | Data from the cohorts were studied. |
| Analysis
| SPSS version 22 will be in use in the data analysis. | Thematic data analysis for an affirmative answer to study being carried out. |
| Key Findings
| Instituting a team approach to the treatment program and close follow up is among the key ways to provide primary care for patients. | Providing critical information on disease prevalence among the Hispanics and how providing quality health care may improve their problem. |
| Recommendations
| The data collected from patients should be used in the analysis to provide better healthcare options. | Addressing the issue of racial disparity will facilitate the saving of the lives lost to this chronic condition through better health care. |
| Explanation of How the Article Supports EBP/Capstone
| It describes the productive outcomes of authentic project-based studying. | It highlights the difficulties faced by minority groups in getting off the best HealthCare facilities to facilitate the saving of human life. |