Conservation of natural resources

Conservation of natural resources

Abstract

In this paper, there will be discussion of environmental protection project based on governmental arrangements for the conservation of the environment. This paper will deal with the strategies which government of Australia has taken to make sure the nature is conserved and protected   so as to ensure that the fauna and flora are protected for future use. The organization management is composted of the stake holders. In this paper there will be analysis of the stakeholders and how there are related according to their positions and duties which they undertake for the progress of the project. In the paper there is analysis of the potential capability in the project. The steps the project does for its success are tackled out in the paper.

Introduction

The governance of protected areas is very critical. It is an issues that requires a defined balance between conservation results and community development. The maintenance of this balance, there are outcomes that are associated with management concessions. These outcomes are based on culture, social, economic and environmental grounds (Weeks $ Jupiter, 2013 P.1234-1235). Though the outcomes from these factors may be positive, the real negative impacts of protected area management raises many complains to the members of the local community. The social tension on the protected areas within New South Wales (NSW) recently led to the NSW council to legislate the inquiry of the management of the Public land in NSW in 2012-2013. The findings of this legislation body outlines compose the existing governance and the potential approaches to public land approaches. This paper clearly outlines the results from three protected areas in Western NSW rangelands (Weeks a$ Jupiter, 2013 P 1240). The areas were explored and their findings based on co-management analyses compiled. The information explains how each model influenced governance under the local circumstances. A well understanding about NSW co-management and implementation results to improved governance and better potential approaches that will reflect community interests and cause positive benefits on the protected areas for locals.

Co-management can be described as sharing of responsibility of decision making between the actual natural resource users and the state based management authorities (Gleason et al 2013 P.475) In involvement of stakeholders crucial because their efforts improves both the knowledge available for making rules and the legality under the rule making process (Weeks $ Jupiter, 2013 P.1239). Any successful governance arrangement should include legitimacy accountability, Inclusiveness, capacity and integration .Almost three quarters of Australia is a rangeland characterized by low rainfall and arid climate (Gleason et al 2013 P.475).The activities of land use in this rangeland has led to a quite environmental effects including numerous extensions (Kingsford $ Biggs, 2012 P.39). Recently, acquiring of land in the in the protected areas has occurred enabling specific state agencies own land in these areas. This acquisition of land has led to what is referred to as National Parks. The NSW National Parks representation plan outlines the policies on how to protect   poorly represented areas through creation of Comprehensive, Adequate and Representative (CAR). The protected regions vary across NSW due to historical and environmental changes of outcome (Weeks $ Jupiter, 2013 P.1238). The differences comes by when the Western NSW regions are declared as being low or very low as compared to Eastern and coastal regions. Poor representation of this Western bioregions has caused rapid extensions of National Parks in western NSW, an issues that has raised concerns on the social and economic impacts about land conversions on local communities (Kingsford $ Biggs, 2012 P.47).The combination of peoples’ opportunities to take care on their own environment and impacts of land conversation calls for a need of defined governance procedures for protected land management.

Decision making process and their impacts

Control

This is an approach taken by the government through the use of its discretionary to control decision making in protected areas (Gleason et al 2013, P.471).The government narrows down to who is involved, on what and to what the extent it is. This is a legitimate model with regulation frame and is not mostly applicable when wide decision making goals are involved (Weeks $ Jupiter, 2013 P.1236). Secondly, control approach was used in Booligal National Park, a new protected area where no other management plan has been made and resources are limited. The protected areas managers were unable to undertake participatory approaches because of lack of resources. (Kingsford $ Biggs, 2012 P.35) Thirdly due to rapid expansions in the protected areas, Control approach should be fast to allow managers of protected areas to complete management plans on timely basis.

Coordination

This approach entails dialogue between the state, private organizations and the community (Kingsford $Biggs 2012, P.45) .Here, the actions have authority to negotiate on provided terms and amend them slightly in order to fit governance. The impact is that tension on the capacity of NPWS on forming relationships is minimized. This approach is clearly evident in Yanga by its step of employing the locals to expand the network (Weeks $ Jupiter, 2013 P.1236).This approach reminds the actors that the decisions they make do not always serve as the final.

Collaboration

In this approach, governance partnerships are formalized to take control of the protected areas. These partnerships take control away from the state and disperse it throughout the partnerships formed (Weeks $ Jupiter, 2013 P.1237). This collaborative processes calls for a careful selection of the co-management model .A good example of the national park that uses collaboration model is Mungo National Park which has great activities involving shared decision making process.

Strategies for protection of the fauna wild animals

The government has come with methods which it will use to make sure that wild animals are under control and protection (Borrini-Feyerabend & Tarnowski, 2015 p 23). It has come up with establishment of national parks which will keep the wild animals in touch and confined in one place for close supervision and protection from poachers (Borrini-Feyerabend & Tarnowski,  2015 p 25). There is establishment of national parks which not only protect the animals but also have the impact in protection of indigenous plants which are also very important to exist in the environment (Borrini-Feyerabend & Tarnowski, 2015 p 27-28).

Protected areas

Australia government has come up with the idea of making sure that there are some areas which are protected from the entrance of the human (Australian Government, 2012 p 11). There are no human activities which are supposed to be carried out in these areas. There are established policies which enables the protection of these parts from human interactions (Australian Government, 2012 p 13). The Greenland and areas with rainfall forests are so protected to prevent any body from interfering with them. Although most of the part of Australia is covered with tropical savanna and also woodlands, and few parts of native grass land, the areas has found to have contained a lot important aspects of biodiversity (Australian Government, 2012 p 17). These areas are purely protected from human interactions. There are policies which are laid to control and deal with cases where by if one is found to have violated the laws which are set for conservation of the environment and nature, there are penalties which will be the person will encounter (Australian Government, 2012 p 23).

Models of success

There are some models which the government has developed in the process of making sure that it strategic goal of nature protection is achieved (Borrini-Feyerabend et al, 2013 p 31-32). The models are categorized from model one to model three in which the first model deals with issues concerning with the how the decisions are controlled in the management (Australian Government, 2012 p 40). The state has given some legal managers who are concerned with management of the how the decisions are to be made and suggestions given by the management board. In decision making what is followed is totally democracy (Borrini-Feyerabend & Tarnowski, 2015 p 24). There is a lot of accountability which is followed during making of the decisions in the organization. Model two deals with the issues concerning the coordination in the organization in which the decision making are based on the dialogue and debate in which perfect methods of conservation of the environment are discussed and followed out (Borrini-Feyerabend et al, 2013 p 41). The third models tackles the issues concerning with collaborations in which decisions are followed in relation to the actors points of view (Borrini-Feyerabend et al, 2013 p 20-21)

Conclusion

Basing our argument on the strategies which the government management corporation has reached so far, it true to suggest that the project has got a lot of the potential to succeed following the steps which and organized is their project. Following the arrangement of management board, the stakeholders for the project gives such important for the organization which will enable the it have different methods which will make sure that the nature is well protected. The government has organized the advisory group for the project which gives views on how different views to be followed so as to make sure that the goals are achieved. There will be also are expected success of the project not only now but also in future basis considering different ways in which the government and management team has come up with for the protection of the plants and animals. The national parks developed for the protection of the wild animals is a forward step which symbolizes the potential for the success of the project.

Bibliographies

Australian Government (2012) Australian Rangelands: Fact Sheet, downloaded on 3 Jan 2014.    Pp 2-67

Borrini-Feyerabend, G & Tarnowski, CB. 2015. ‘Participatory Democracy in Natural Resource     Management: A ” histories and politics of community-based natural resource   management,   AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, CA, pp. 21-90.

Borrini-Feyerabend, G., N. Dudley, T. Jaeger, B. Lassen, N. Pathak Broome, A. Phillips and T.    Sandwith. 2013. Governance of Protected Areas: From understanding to action. Best           Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 20, Gland, pp 15-47.s

Gleason, M., Feller, E.M., Merrifield, M., Copps, S., Fujita, R., Bell, M., Rienecke S. and Cook    C., 2013. A Transactional and Collaborative Approach to Reducing Effects of   Bottom Trawling, Conservation Biology, 27(3): 470–479

Kingsford, R.T. Biggs H.C. (2012) Strategic adaptive management guidelines for effective           conservation    of freshwater ecosystems in and around protected areas of the world, IUCN WCPA             Freshwater Taskforce, Australian Wetlands and Rivers Centre, Sydney.

Weeks, R. and Jupiter, S.D.2013. Adaptive Comanagement of a Marine Protected Area Network             in Fiji, Conservation Biology, 27(6): 1234–1244