“Impacts of Globalization and economic policies, a case study in Malaysia”

• Introduction

Malaysia is a country in East Asia which was one of the nations which were still backward before independence. However, Malaysia showed interest in globalization after joining GATT and from then, Malaysia is among the best countries regarding the economy, and it’s the most globalized country among all in East Asia (Ahsan A. M., 2012). According to the research conducted in 2003 on economic growth and development, Malaysia indicated to have 79% on reduced tariffs and was gaining a lot from its manufacturing industries than having more exports.

After joining globalization union, Malaysia has been improving regarding gross domestic products and liberalization in every year. Before independence, this country s experiencing trade losses of about 53,691 RM. However, in 1997, the country experienced an increase FDI which means Foreign Direct Investment within the manufacturing industries. As a result of globalization, pharmacy and medicinal sectors were controlled by the rate of drugs price increased from 65 to 110% (Farhan, 2016).As we can see, this is a considerable increase which is why the country had to control the impacts through tariffs implementation and other means to curb FDI.

Globalization has resulted in both positive and negative impacts on Malaysian economy regarding income distribution within the nation and employment creation. There has been too much labor force in this country which is as a result of globalization, and also labor policies have been enacted. Between the 1980s and 1990s, there has been integration in economic performance in this country whereby the GDP rose by 75% (Aigenger, 2013).When we look at negative impacts, there has been an increment in pollution and labor force whereby many people are searching for employment in this country from neighboring countries. People have also been preferring importation of products from the international trading in nations whereby they would get a variety of products due to different tastes and preferences in choices.

This can be a negative impact on the country which needs its manufactured products to be consumed locally. However, analysis of results globalization has created in this country has more positive effects compared to the negative ones. The state has indeed emerged as a winner regarding economic and political growth (Alexander, 2012). In the last ten decades, this country has shifted from developing nation to a developed country whereby most of the policymakers believe is as a result of globalization integration. From the year 1987 to 1997, Malaysia increased by 85 regarding economic performances and the real GDP roles as a result.

Before 1957, Malaysian economy was very behind and could depend on primary products from other nations. The country could import many products such as tin and rubber to create employment and for economic growth. The manufacturing industries used to be very minor regarding performances and the output generated from this sector.

The machines used to produce products and convert them into finished goods were of the outdated technology. All the manufacturing areas from foodstuffs, engineering among other workshop were so limited, and this nation could depend on other countries for aids and donations before joining globalization (Altbach, P. and Davis, 2013). However, over the last few decades, Malaysia has emerged as a productive nation in both manufacturing and agricultural sector based on the implementation of government policies.

There have been structural changes which have enabled a faster transition in this country. Strategic management and other planning tools have allowed development and growth to take place rapidly leading to better performances. Malaysia plan policy is one among other policies which were implemented in Malaysia.

These systems emphasized on equity in term of sharing resources within the nation through economies of scale analysis. In 1970, there was a peak in employment rate and amount of foodstuffs from agricultural areas in Malaysia. Policy enhancement has indeed played a significant role in growth and development of Malaysia

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of globalization and economic policies in Malaysia. The research will individually be done using available information from Malaysia industrial sectors and the empirical evidence (Andersen, T. and Herbertsson, T., 2013). The study will analyze the effects of globalization on technology and communication and how Malaysia formulate and implement various policies to reduce negative impacts of globalization. The objectives of the study will be;

a.)    To identify positive and negative effects of globalization in Malaysia

b.)    To determine the challenges faced by the government while controlling the adverse impacts of globalization in the nation

c.)    To provide economic policies implemented in Malaysia which resulted in growth and development.

d.)    To find out the role of global political economy (GPE) on globalization in Malaysia

2.)        Relevance of the study

The research will provide the policymakers with the information on effects of globalization and economic policy in Malaysia. Details on other areas such as how globalization has accentuated poverty in the country and its impact on technological growth will also be provided. With all the relevant policies implemented in Malaysia, the policymakers will be able to allocate resources within the nation.

The areas where globalization has great impacts on will also be analyzed to give the policy makers an overview of which areas ought to have more implementation. The research study will also add a discussion on the findings from various data obtained when conducting the research (Apple, 2015). The paper will provide the reader with relevant information concerning globalization and its meaning and also get an overview of numerous recommendation to the government while controlling the adverse effects of globalization in the nation. The research will also provide the reader with information concerning the growth and development of Malaysia as a result of joining GATT whereby globalization has played a significant role.

The study begins with a brief introduction on impacts of globalization and economic policy in Malaysia. This is followed by the primary objective of the research study and the research question, an explanation of the relevance of conducting the research (Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Bohl, M., 2017). The methodology used in the study which includes both arts and analytical methods. The research has a discussion on the objectives and findings and a conclusion.

In the research study, the following research questions (RQs) will be in the researcher’s mind;

3.)        Research Questions

a.)    What are the positive and negative impacts of globalization in Malaysia?

b.)    What are the challenges faced by the government to control the adverse effects of globalization in Malaysia?

c.)    What are the economic policies used by the government to control economic growth and development in Malaysia?

d.)    What are the roles of Global Political Economy on globalization in Malaysia?

4.)        METHODOLOGIES

Arts methodology

Arts methodologies can be used to discuss the impacts of globalization on the economy bringing out the support about how these economic benefits come about through the analytical framework. In this essay, we shall discuss various visual arts and describe how artists argue about globalization and its impact (Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Nasir, A., 2014). We shall analyze multiple cases of contemporary visual arts and the spreading of globalization around the world.

According to Lee, implementation of higher learning education in Malaysia back in 2005 has helped on activities concerning globalization within the country (Joseph, 2015). This artist argues that when people within the nation acquire good education system, there is the better impact on the industrial and agricultural sector. This art supports the issue of having skilled and experienced workers in production sector which is boosting the globalization Malaysia has improved regarding having qualified and competent workers in the manufacturing and agricultural areas which can produce efficiently and efficiently. Acquiring of art skills is one factor which has contributed to the better performance of Malaysian economy. Everything exported from Malaysia is a product of arts and science

Dzulkifli and Norpisah argue there has been considerable improvement in visual arts and the standard measurements used to quantify commodities in Malaysia thus enabling the country to improve regarding growth and development (Dzulkifli & Norpisah , 2012). The historical event has changed since the starting from when the human beings used to make barter trade up to date whereby money has been considered as means of exchange (Bailey, 2005). This has been all about arts activities conducted by people from one state to another and discovering new things which have played a role in growth and development in Malaysia.

 The artist by the name Kaur from the historical period could use remarkably different material’s to decorate commodities and ritual places before the Second World War (Kaur, S., Sirat, M. & Azman, N., 2008). According to Ahmad Farhan, usage of single color to make a certain image including the images of a human being but as the time go, the introduction of color mixing has been developed (Farhan, 2016). There were preservations of cubism in Malaysia since the artist has to consider the way they would shape some angles by being more creative. It is out of this creativity Malaysia has emerged as a winner after joining globalization unions and exports arts products to another country through this forum.

The preservation of the cubism feature helps to express the way humans use different qualities in the movement which is characterized by short heights formation. By then, structures could not be tall as compared to the 20th century whereby the artists have come up with the creation of different structure informs of sizes. This has increased international trade since Malaysia can export different types of art products and various sizes.

Pablo Picasso was one of the earliest artists who was very skilled in photography and used various ideas to ensure hotel and other meeting places looked more appealing (Picasso, 2012). Recently, photography has changed if we compare the styles from the previous years. Artists employ different techniques in their work of visual arts. They have diverse creativity which falls under the category of arts and entertainment. One of them involves the use of photographs through painting, drawing among other techniques. When we apply these changes within globalization, there is improvement regarding the exchange of different products. These artists argue that globalization can be boosted through visual arts which is correct since the results are impressing.

Photography helps people to see the world in new ways, creating strategies and focusing on the busy world.  Altbach argues that photography is an art that can be used to entertain and make people bliss (Altbach, 2000)! Some people use photography as a job whereas for others it is a hobby in Malaysia.

Through the use of photographs, people laugh as they get entertained through such creativity the photographer makes money by selling their arts. It has been used as a tool for creative satisfaction and helps in self-discovery. Photographs play a role in globalization and exposing the reality making many people understand the conveyed message.

Photographs have high power and impact. People love things they see physically such as photos, videos; as they get more entertained. Pictures capture more attention as they are simpler to understand compared to an art like listening to songs. Photographs drawn in restaurants, adventurous places, on billboards among others make such sites look more attractive and beautiful. When we compare various images uploaded in most of Malaysian’s website, there is an excellent relationship in the form of visual resemblance (Janel, 2016). For instance the circle shapes of the jewelry and the necklace.                                                                                                                                              The designing is changing and the branding of the items when we compare in the pre-historical period whereby the designed took one style. The images could appear in either rectangle, square or circle shape.

There are commercialization services offered by the artist in the economy, for instance, the designing of the banks and business sectors to attract customers. In hotels the use of artifacts to decorate and illustrate the menus has been of help since customers’ attention is captured. It helps in ensuring the customers get the conducive environment to settle. There is an improvement in commercialization which is considered to be of help in the economy.

The styling of jewelry, necklaces have also been attracting clients and buying more which are products required in the globalized nations. The photographic and designing of places, cups out of creativity has helped to improve the competition in a business market (Furlong, 2015). Visual arts has played a significant role in like all activities from designing of houses, the furniture’s needed are made out of creativity among other things at large. It has promoted the business sector which is the primary source of government income.

The designing of clothes using different sizes and shape has also been done by the assistance of visual arts from skills gained across the global. People have been able to able to see the difference in colors and texture made of different commodities (Lucie-Smith, 2004). It has been promoting commercialization whereby variety makes clients meet their taste and preferences. There is also a psychological approach which enhances clients to love buying a particular good when it looks impressing to the eyes. The museum companies in Malaysia have also been able to earn a living and receiving money from the tourists who come to visit their sites. The government has museum such as rock museum whereby minerals and rocks are designed to look beautiful.

The natural rocks are modified through art creativity to look better physically. There are also other commodities which are designed in the same way like cups made of minerals from the site. People would buy these products and other artifacts and place them in the house for decoration.

The issue changing of means of exchange from barter trade to the use of money has been enhanced by the use of arts and designing. The creativity changed from counting sticks to measure the quantity of exchange and then the purpose of exchanging items with an item until today when money has been discovered (Kwiatkowski, 2012). There is an improvement in flexibility during the exchange which is one role played by the use of artifacts. Coins could be carried unlike exchanging a cow with a small house which is relatively importable. Development of designing and building design has also shifted with time.

Although some styles have been preserved, many have been changed taking into consideration people are also evolving and moving with time. Some items prepared before through the use of visual arts have been dumped upon depletion (Miller, 2012). Advanced technology is making visual arts department and artists to become more creative and using sophisticated machines to make better things.

          Theoretical methodologies

The theory of political realism

This method mainly concentrates on the issue of power in the state. The advocates of this argument tend to explain how globalization plays a role in enhancing unity among the nations by ensuring there is political peace. When a country engages in any union to form a global, there is a chance of having a good relationship with these countries (Mike, 2015). This is because of the dependency that comes when trade unions are formed. Each state will need the other regarding providing goods and services and exchanging commodities relevant for business transactions.

The idea of offering a variety of products through international trade creates a form to satisfy human wants. From the theory of political realism perspective, when the economy is performing better regarding GDP and social activities, there are fewer chances of political unrests. Peace will be there since citizens are getting their needs after exchanging products through import and export analysis (Nelson, 2013). As a result, the state of power will have the necessary resources required to run the country.

The federal policymakers will have ample time to implement monetary and fiscal policies in the nation. The government of Malaysia formed a collaboration with another country during globalization which has led to efficiency in the implementation of national economic plan policy leading to better performances on the commercial part.

There has been involvement of government policymakers in the choice of strategies to use in the nation leading to better decision making which has a significant impact on integration and human resource managements. This theory the advocates are checking on effects of globalization on the power of all states at large which can be applied in the case of Malaysia government (Harrison Mareani, 2012). The data collected in 1987 concerning the GDP of Malaysia had increased by 8% from the previous year’s which is why these scholars supporting this role suggest that it must have been due to globalization. Sates which are not in globalization face a lot of terrorist issues which affect the rate of production leading to less growth and development.

Based on the political theory of realism, there are various strategies which are formed when any country engages in globalization. These plans give the nation an overview of how to implement and use their idle natural resources leading to growth and development (Dasgupta, I. and Osang, T., 2015). There are also seminars and conferences formed which enables the states to gain skills on how to deal with political unrest issues.

It has thus allowed Malaysia as a country to learn skills on how to tackle the political problems and combine with economic and social problem leading to growth and development. Those who are in power are also to be trained on management issue as well as dealing with cases of unrests form youths among other citizens. This contributes to ample time creation on productivity issues apart from political and wars issues. There is peace in Malaysia after joining globalization since other neighboring countries can join hands and help in case of any political problem that ought to be solved.

Constructivism theory

The theory of constructivism pays attention to the way people construct idea through forming different types of consciousness. The theory suggests that globalization can lead to growth and development within the nation as well as proving a solution to various problems surrounding the country (Marginson, S and M. van der Wende, 2016). This approach concentrates on the interaction of human beings across the globe. The primary aim of this argument is to bring out the concept of strategic performance and building of ideas when people come together.

This approach would support the idea of globalization having many impacts on Malaysia. For instance, through social interaction form people from different nations and background, many Malaysian cultures have been abandoned, and civilization has been spreading all over the country. The interaction of the country with other state has enabled the upcountry to access advanced technology from which are used by developed countries like Japan (Dasgupta, I. and Osang, T., 2015). The exchanging of these items and sharing opinions contributes to a better solution on economic globalization. People have been interacting and borrowing ideas which have improved communication during international trade as well as advancing the production method.

Conversation on problems facing a country while participating in globalization helps to solve the issue with ease. The interaction enables people to build confidence and ability to talk openly about challenges faced while pursuing economic growth and development in the nation. This theory applies in the case of impacts on globalization on Malaysia whereby there has been an improvement on technological performances (Cottrell, 2016).Security has been improved in this country due to the availability of protective tools and management equipment in the ministry of interior protection in Malaysia.

Formation of globalization unions has thus enabled Malaysia to go far as fur as economic development is concerned. The theory of constructivism can also support the idea of communication improvement using a telephone calling and coming up with ideas which can help in growth within the country. When the members of the nation attend the international global conferences, there is exchanging of sentiments which enable the state to be equipped with information, and thus implementation is conducted in a more modern way. Policy makers can gain skills and experiences form such conferences and training programs which would support the idea of implementation of better manufacturing machines leading to efficiency and effectiveness in production and agricultural sector within Malaysia.

Feminism theory

This theory talks about involvement of women in globalization. They should participate in economic development and have a say within the community (Kandasamy, M. and R. Santhiram, 2014). This can also help to curb the effects of women being neglected within the community which results in more poverty. According to this theory, women involvement in growth and development of nation would have more significant impact and leads to a huge rise in GDP.

This is based on the fact that educated women have fewer chances of bearing too many children. For example, when women go up to tertiary levels regarding education, they can delay in school giving fewer opportunities of fertility duration. As a result, they will give birth to fewer children reducing the population growth within the nation.

According to this theory, substantial population results to unemployment leading to poverty which continues revolving around the cycle. Another issue of involving women in globalization which Malaysia country has done is because women are wiser and can come up with great ideas which are of help p to the economy.

This is another reason to give women a chance to participate in conferences and training program and be allowed to participate in both political and economic performances. Educating women will also give them skills to control birth rates using the family planning methods and also manage to take care of their kids in a hygienic way (Bhandari, A. and Heshmati, A. (, 2017). It would eliminate incidences of children sickness which come as a result of poor hygiene and inadequate sanitation. This theory supports the idea of elimination of rigidity in nations whereby women are not encouraged on emerging issues and educational matters.

According to the research study on women education in Malaysia at a higher level, it has been noted women are going hand in hand with males. There has been an increase of 15.5 % of females who attend school up to tertiary level compared to the last few decades before globalization where fewer women could study up to tertiary level.

Transformational theory

According to David Held globalization involves the act of interconnectedness’ on political, social and economic issues across the world (Held, 2015). This is where many nations come together to trade together in international trade and can exchanges goods, services and ideas. This theory of transformation can be applied in the case of Malaysia where there has been exchanging of goods and services with other nations. The manufacturing industries in this country can produce many products and of high quality leading to more NI in the country. Held and McGrew use the analytical framework on the theory and divide the globalization into hyper-globalist, skeptic, and transformation. The hyper-global concept concentrates on the use of market frameworks within the nation.

The theory suggests that globalization can help in exchanging of chemicals and pesticides to use in agricultural areas leading to high yields form the farms. There has to be keen management and planning in the country to hit this goal. The state has got a market where they take their products after farming. This leads to a consistent flow of agricultural planning since the marketing department is also to make funds for more farming. The transforming idea helps the concept to be transformed from agriculture to manufacturing up to marketing industries. Importing and exporting products enable the country to have international trade forum which would help the nation to make more foreign funds (Bhagwati, 2014). The idea helps to increase the GDP within the country. Held argues that transformation theory has been inducted and helped by globalization whereby exchanging of technological ideas are enhanced leading to efficiency in transformation duration.

Malaysia has taken less term in transformation since there is the availability of these equipment and mechanical machines which have been used in both agricultural and manufacturing sector. It enables expectation of already finished products earning the country more money. The theory support that globalization can have economic impacts which are of benefit to the state of Malaysia (Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Bohl, M., 2017). Trading nations within the East of Asia can compete with Malaysia in transformational issues whereby there have been assistances and exchanging of views across these regions. This has resulted in faster transformation

Theory of Eclecticism

The philosophy of eclecticism supports the idea of using social methods on all the globalization highlights which focuses on the main forces that contribute to growth in the nations. Jan Art emphasized the use of technological and building constructions for the sake of national interest and inter-competition among the competitive countries. In this theory, the knowledge on rationalism and cultural imperialism is emphasized whereby treatment of women as subordinates is discouraged. This method can help to support the implication of globalization in Malaysia whereby the scholar talks about integration and interaction of countries in international trade leading to growth and development (Bonfiglioli, 2015). This is the same case which has applied in this country which has been in globalization with other neighboring countries.

5.)        Correlation and hypothesis analysis

`The equation that helps to determine the error term from the investigation is GDP-1

TABLE 1 shows Malaysian annual economic growth per year (Bela, 2017)

Bela argues that globalization has been of great impact in Malaysia and provides some data on various sector on the rate of growth in these sector. The statistical figures indicate growth rate in Malaysia in various production field. The results are impressive and she argues that its due to globalization in Malaysia.

Ui is the error term, which helps to identify the endogeneity problem of the dependent variable. The use of ordinary least square to investigate the effects of globalization in the economy is applied since the procedures are not complicated compared to other methods. In this paper, there is the application of the generalized method of moments (GMM) which was discovered by Anderson and Hsiao in 1938 (Eckel, C., 2013).The approach is flexible and requires some assumptions that make econometric techniques full. There is some growth which helps to eliminate the individual impacts on the dynamic model used to investigate the real GDP of the country based on development and growth which is suspected to have been from the implications of globalization.

Graph 1 shows an Exponential growth of Malaysia from 2006-2012 (Bonfiglioli, 2015)

The graph indicates the value of money in form of USD in comparison with rate on growth based on the cash flow in the Malaysian economy.

                                                       Rate of growth (x-axis)

There is the use of gauging instruments on both sides of the variables which are inconsistent form the endogeneity point of view and the explanation offered way the data collected. There is the use of tests to investigate the impacts of the hypothesis and analyze what factor affects the positive effects of globalization in Malaysia. (Chen K. , 2014) The Sargan analysis helps to identify the restrictions and validity of the instrument used to experiment.

In this model, failure to reject the null hypothesis gives support to the technique. The test examines that in the null hypothesis, the error term is not serially correlated. Application of GMM methodological technique can take place when there is more than one variable in the investigation. There is the specification of the instruments in all the dummies conducted to analyze the variables which are not strictly exogenous. There is the use of two different lags which are selected as AR (1) and AR (2) respectively.

0.05 significant levels

At the level of 5 % significance

5/100=0.05%

Let’s assume all the variables in the estimation are

5/100=0.05

(A-2)(1-R^2)

(A-2)/ (1-X^2

These variables are collected to act as the evidence on many instrumental biased which increase efficiently. The suggestion of all the subset condition is applied to reduce the bias in all the variables and eliminate the chances of a loss in efficiency. In this methodology, the conduction of the experiment restricts the number of lags to be used and give various conditions on the maximum number of independent variables (Chua R. Y. J.,Roth Y. & lEMOINE J. F., 2015). However, the technique is appropriate in the investigation of GDP of Malaysia country as a result of globalization since it can help to test the hypothesis and draw the conclusion on the used variables (Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Miteza, I., 2015). The research will only need data from the previous years and estimate the impacts of globalization by checking various factors such as educational improvement, transportation efficiency, tourism attraction among other economic benefits.

6.)        Empirical Criteria Analysis

The use of GMM method to determine the impacts of globalization in Malaysia is considered to be the best. The choice of this country is primarily dictated due to the availability of reliable data over an extended period. The criteria used have got data which are ordered form all the maximum size of the parameters (Chen K. , 2014). The interest is to identify the parameters with more precision for the sake of giving more accurate results. In our experiment, the dependent variable is the real GDP which is compared with the purchasing power parity in the country. There is the analysis of the value of RM in Malaysia and what is the exchange rate with the American dollar to check the issue of inflation rate in the country.

List of criteria to measure globalization

1. The use of KOF index technique which helps to incorporate all the economic, Social and political dimension. This technique will measure the flow of the actual trade and direct foreign investment
2. Using regression analysis. in this method, an analysis of dummy variables which affect globalization and its impact are analyzed. The method helps to investigate the error term and help to test the hypothesis and make a conclusion whether to take H0/H1.
3. The use of OLS criteria which is easier and does not require too much steps to examine statistical data. This criteria has been found to be effective depending on researches conducted before.

Table 2 shows the growth rate in Malaysia (Pool, 2017)

According to Pool, the table gives an analysis of a comparison between the currency exchange of Malaysian RM with the USD. The table helps to show the percentage of growth rate in Malaysia form the 1996 to 2011. From the table the research seek to indicate that Malaysia has a consistent rate of growth over the mentioned years.

The comparison is identified using the methodology above which use GMM model to investigate the variables. Derivation of KOF in Malaysia is conducted after analyzing the globalization control over factors which influence economic growth (Dasgupta, I. and Osang, T., 2015). In this experiment, the reliance on various approaches to capturing all the effects of economic globalization is considered. The first method is helping to estimate the impact of globalization on economic growth in Malaysia.

Table 4 showing regression analysis to test the hypothesis on variables in globalization

Source-Table creator

Explanation

The table shows the results of the regression analyzes based on the available data and the number of variables used to measure globalization in the criteria. Multiple, square and adjusted Regression ( R)  have got results from 0.97 to 0.98. The standard error from the table is approximately 0.02 which indicate chances of higher accuracy in the determination of the error term. In the table, there are some blank spaces depending on the number of observations in each analysis. The table has nine columns since some rows such as on the globalization effect requires nine data to be filled in the table. However, an analysis such as the number of observation is just one thus occupying the first column leaving the other blank. There is a minute error on total significance error based on the total degree of freedom which is 4.36^E (exponential)*-07.

Table 5 showing computation of the error term on variables used form the statistical data

Source- table creator

The next approach is used to examine if the effects of globalization dependents on economic policies and other financial development in the country. The criteria help to test the interaction of the economic globalization and all the financial factors (KOF*FD) on human capital (F., 2015). In this analysis, explanatory variables are used to indicate the standard variables used in the equation on GDP. The HCS and FD are all included in the individual model to determine the significance of the interaction of all the considered variables.

This helps to test jointly if the economic growth and development in Malaysia depend on the financial factors mentioned above. The inclusion of all the analysis in the regression equation helps to solve the problems independently. The last approach to use in this report will concentrate on the study of the role of income level in the nation. The collection of data on the total national income in the country is done based on all the dummy variables used in the experiment. From this point, an analysis of the interaction of the variables and KOF is added to indicate the specification in the experimental baseline.

Findings

Malaysia entered into economic partnership Agreements with various countries after its independence. This furthered the strength of the trade and investment in the nation. These agreements have contributed to economic development in modernized programs within Malaysia (Ismail, 2012). There have also been new plans and strategic managements within the administrations of production sectors. These facts have committed to the economic well being of Malaysia as well as leading to its growth and development. According to this research study, there are findings in various modern departments which are as a result of globalization in Malaysia. These findings are from the field of transportation, education, agriculture, industrial sectors, tourism among others. We shall discuss these findings as analyzed below.

• Education System

Malaysia has a higher education system and follows the British form of education. There are private and government schools in this country. All children between the age of 5 and 15 are obligated to go to college without any compromise (Silverberg, 2017). The system of education is digitalized, and parents are the one to choose whether to take their kids to either private or public school. After completing high school, children are given free will. They can now start working, further their education, travel or relax at home.

The idea of making education compulsory up to high school level has helped many children to grow physically and increase their reasoning. It is as a result of going people this education that they can survive and even create self –employment enabling them to survive. The government has made education free form primary to secondary and provides a government loan for tertiary level. This system of education is as a result of globalization where Malaysia government can emulate western culture leading to development (Okunade, 2017). According to the survey, there are approximately 43,000 primary schools and 74,000 secondary schools in Malaysia. According to the youth’s population within the nation, it is confirmed that this amount is valid and enough to provide all students with a proper education. There are also private schools which add the number leading to efficiency and effectiveness in the education system.

• Transportation system

In Malaysia, transportation is excellent and efficient. There is the usage of technological development which has contributed to better transportation systems. Transportation facilities are adequate with various merchandise products leading to improvement in commercial activities. There are all types of transportation including the rails, roads, ship, and air. According to this study, about 1801km railways are gauging for nearly 1000m which means there is about 148km electrified rails in Malaysia (Heshmati, 2015). Due to the implementation of the borrowed technology as a result of globalization, there are about 64672km of highways.

There are also expressed highways which are approximately 48707km.Thre are also thousands of local loads whereby transportation of agricultural products is passed through to get into the market. There are also oceangoing ships which help to carry cargoes, chemical products and liquids such as petroleum which can’t be transported through airplanes. According to the statistical data taken in 2001, there were about 116 airports which have helped in air transport and faster accessibility to the destinations.

Transportation system has aided in trade and other business activities, and people can conduct their business and access to working places without any hindrance. Due to excellent transportation system, the country has achieved growth and development, and production sectors can produce efficiently as workers arrive in time.

There are no inconveniences regarding transportation methods to takes goods from local areas to the urban centers. The roads are tarmac making all farmers manage in taking their yield to the market (Nelson, 2013). This results in a smooth flow in the cycle of production since inputs can reach processing industry and to market sectors at ease. In short, transportation system has been improved after borrowing ideas from the western culture which is as a result of globalization. Thus, globalization has played a significant role in transportation improvement in Malaysia.

• Communication system

Information communication technology in Malaysia has profoundly grown with mobile subscriptions reaching 44.1 million increasing at a rate of 144 from the year 2006 to last year.

Globalization has enabled the elevation of the education sector in Malaysia where scholars can learn through the internet (Roberto, 2012). Learning has been simplified in that technology allows for fast and efficient research on various matters to do with their education. This has improved the level of education to meet the international standards of quality education.

Communication system within the nation has also improved since there is the use of fax, newspapers, telephones among others. Computer networkers are also working in the country and people can communicate to the nearest police station in case of any property stolen. In Malaysia, there are more than 4.6 million telephones and about 5000 million mobiles phones which provide efficiency and effectiveness in the communication sector.

The use of modern systems of communication has also played a role in ensuring people can address any issue to the government, unlike the old days whereby people had to travel to relay some crucial information (Scott, 2017). Thus, the use of modern communication methods hassled to efficiency in production sectors. According to the research conducted in 2000, there are 391 radio broadcasting stations and 10.8 million radios. In the same survey, it was discovered that Malaysia has 109 million television and seven internet service providers with also most 4.1 million internet users. According to this data, it can be seen globalization has played a role in the implementation of economic policies in Malaysia in the communication department. It is the reason Malaysia has improved in communication sectors which is a factor necessary for effectiveness in production.

• Banking Systems

In Malaysia, most of the banking systems are commercialized and have a centralized management. The banks operate under the same regulations depending on all the instructions and inspection form the central banks. There are both government banks and private banks in Malaysia. There are also microfinance institutions which give people loans for investments. There are approximately 27 commercial banks and 16 Islamic banks (Silberberg, 2016). The banks help in exchanging of currencies and offers private investors some credit to start their own business. These banking systems have helped Malaysia in the multiplication of money as well as creating employment for Malaysian people.

The banking systems have been implementing technological techniques and help in efficiency in performance leading to growth and development. Malaysia has been borrowing these ideas from the exchange of views in the globalized union. It has been of help in banking department since modernized queuing systems and introduction of better security systems has been implemented. This has contributed to better serving of clients and serving more within a day. Banking systems have also helped in better circulation of money within the country and help in preventing inflation. Interest on loans is attended by the bankers preventing the Malaysians form borrowing more money which could inflate the nation.

Thus, banks have been used by the Malaysian government to deflate the country economy in case the level of inflation goes high. It has been a means of curbing the limitation which comes as a result of rising in any country. Banking methods have been improved as the technology is growing eliminating the obsolete technology in the old days. They have also increased the security of the customer’s money in the banking through the installation of strong cyber security and preventing the hacking of banks and stealing of investor’s money.

• Discussion
• ^{Positive and negative impacts of globalization in Malaysia}

^{The effects of globalization have some advantages that are enjoyed by the people of Malaysia. Such benefits include the improvement in communication where Malaysians are now able to communicate more efficiently through the use of various devices that enable a more comfortable communication. This growth has come in favor of Malaysians allowing them to pass information faster. This enables them to connect with their friends’ countrywide and even globally at a cheap cost (Ahsan, 2002). More to that they can use the different channels of communication that are available in this case they have several options to choose the one that they are more comfortable with.}

^{Information communication technology in Malaysia has highly grown with mobile subscriptions reaching 44.1 million increasing at a rate of 144 from the year 2006 to last year. Globalization has enabled the elevation of the education sector in Malaysia where scholars can learn through the internet. Learning has been simplified in that technology allows for fast and efficient research on various matters to do with their education (Friedman, 2000). This has improved the level of education to meet the international standards of quality education. Political globalization is another advantage to the Malaysians.  The administration uses the modern information technology to pass information to all citizens in the state (Globalization in Malaysia, 2017). The citizens living in the cities like Putrajaya and Cyberjaya have an opportunity to raise their issue and concerns of dissatisfaction with the lead through the internet. They also forward their ideas through the social media to the leadership.}

^{Globalization and improvement in technology have enhanced the production industry where modern machines have been introduced thus increasing the quality and also the quantity of products. The government is, therefore, able to make more revenue and after that improve the infrastructure which ensures significant strides of development are achieved .The government is also able to provide essential services to the citizens such as health facilities.}

^{Globalization also has adverse effects to the Malaysians; such include copying of bad western cultures that demotes their moral values. Clothing in an indecent manner and exposing some body parts is a bad influence to Malaysians.}

^{This accelerates cases of immorality where more reports of rape issues are made (Mittelman J. H., 2000). The westerns have also influenced Malaysians into other immoralities such as homosexuality and lesbianism through the social media where all sorts of pornographic literature are available. Globalization thus leads to erosion of cultures and religious believes to Malaysians .It is also disadvantageous because some of this wrong information is accessed by the youths and children thus bringing up a wicked generation.}

^{Unemployment is another negative impact of globalization which is brought about by the introduction of machines in production which makes a significant population of Malaysians jobless. These devices replace the human labor and only a few who are skilled are left to operate and manage the machines. Globalization, therefore, dictates that Malaysians should undergo training for them to get job opportunities. This practice is expensive, and the poor are not able to pay, so as to increase their skills (Wan, 2017). It is through technology that dangerous weapons are made. Muslim terrorists use these guns to kill innocent Malaysians denying them the right to live.}

 ^{The main reason why weapons are made is stabilized the security forces, but it is a threat to a country peace when people live in fear of being attacked by terrorist. This fear reduces the output of work done by citizens since they cannot extend even for a few minutes in the evening. Malaysian investors, for this reason, opt not to invest in places like Pouching where eight people were injured in a club last year by terrorists.}

^{Internal business markets have been negatively affected by globalization whereby Malaysians prefer buying of imported goods that they presume to be of a better quality than.  This brings about the stagnation of local markets and business people have a limited number of customers (Thomas, 2016). Those who supply foreign goods can do it consistently since modes of transport have improved in efficiency. Malaysians end up selling internally produced products at a giveaway price making very little profit In this case globalization limits prosperity of local people in business in Malaysia. Leaving the market to only a few rich ones who can import and export goods.}

^{Globalization has increased the rate of environmental degradation and pollution through emissions from motor vehicles and industries that have risen rapidly in Malaysia. In 2011 the number of registered cars in Malaysia reached 21.25 million.  Last year an increase of 11.74% was recorded in the 2011 record. There is an increased rate of gaseous emissions into the air thus increasing exposure to cancer and causing complications in the breathing systems of Malaysians.  Manufacturing and agro-based industries located near Malaysian; rivers emit biochemical’s such as Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) and other suspended solids which has an effect of killing aquatic living organisms.  It is risky because about 47% of Malaysians drink the water directly from the rivers thus putting themselves at a risk of contracting diseases.} 

^{II.)    Challenges faced by the government to control adverse effects of globalization in Malaysia}

^{The economy of Malaysia was significantly affected as her government implemented liberalization of the country’s financial structures (Ahsan, 2002). The government had an initiative of trying to strengthen her business institution to attain the international financial architecture. This included buying of expensive equipment that would help in easing the way financial services were offered in the country. This also required employing of many skilled technicians to operate the machines.}

 ^{This installation required vast amounts of capital that had an impact on the level of the country’s economy. Malaysia also operated as a capitalist where there are increased chances of some people exploiting the others where by the are not involved more in performing economic activities, but they want to benefit from, the efforts of others. (Friedman, 2000)This selfishness from many Malaysian individuals has a negative impact on the country’s economy such that substantial economic development that the government targets are not achieved.}

 ^{Imperialism is another difficult challenge that the Malaysian government encounters. Muslims living in the country are against other religion in the country and keep on bringing in terrorism thus making the nation not to have peace.}

  ^{These disorders that are brought about by these wars and conflicts disrupt the education system in that scholars lack an excellent learning environment. Wars are destructive, and property is destroyed in the process.  Time is also wasted as people are not involved in economic activities during wars but they hide to save their lives from the dangers that are associated with war. The government channels more resources that would be used in development into buying of weapons and other facilities to bring down terrorism}

^{The Muslim community in Malaysia did not have adequate resources to cope with the international and regional competitive situation.  These Muslims did not have unity and were divided by rich or poor where most of them were poor. This weakened this community and thus they could not fit in the global developments since they were more arrogant about it.}

^{They did nothing to gain even skills or knowledge that would make them agile. Malaysians had terrible social beliefs which were also a significant hindrance to personal and even national development. For example, their mindset was immoral. They do not respect other religious organization, and thus they cannot shy away, from eradicating those who are not Muslims.}

 ^{The education system keeps on changing the government has to pay all cost that is involved in the whole transformation. The government is committed to paying for teachers and lecturers who are to effect new education standards. For these rules to be attained the government has to facilitate more training for teachers to increase their skills so that they can deliver quality education to learners. The government moves a step further and equips learning institutions with books and other learning materials. Malays do not utilize these efforts by the government, but they remain resilient. This is a great disappointment to the management of Malaysia.}

^{III.)    Economic policies implemented in Malaysia which resulted in growth and development.}

^{a.)    New Economic Policy}

^{In Malaysia, there is the use of economic procedures which are used in the implementation of growth and development. The new industrial policy was adopted in 1971 with an objected of implementing commercial methods. This administration has helped the nation to achieve national policy objectives unity and harmony in the country. The policy has applied globalization to minimize the level of poverty in Malaysia as well as improving the educational level (Skilbeck, 2011). The NEP is a policy which has indeed provided various economic impacts leading to growth and development of this nation. This system came up with the idea of expanding all the targeted substantial incidences which can lead to better performance of industries within the country.}

^{There is also improvement of economic status regarding lands and training whereby this policy emphasized on the recruitment of workers where there is Training Need Analysis. This concept has helped the nation to have competent and qualified workers to perform in the production sectors. The New Economic Policy led to the fair distribution of resources whereby campaigning of unity within the nation and enabling of economies of scale was enhanced. It contributed to better economic functions and helped to achieve most of the financial goals in all sectors in Malaysia.}

^{Thus, NEP has played a prominent role in enhancing growth and development in Malaysia as well as creating employment for most of the citizens. The new economic policy came up with security mitigations within the production sectors.}

^{This has been of help since people could work peacefully without political riots in the institutions and also have conducive environment for working (V.Job, 2011). The new Economic Policy led to the introduction of agricultural machines which helped in farming and producing yields products. This is an advantage to the nation since the country can have goods to exports to other country. The policy has also worked on commercialized sectors leading to better circulation of capital by an introduction of serving machines in the banking systems.}

^{b.)    Freedom from internal control policy}

^{Citizens of Malaysia have got freedom of choice, movement, speech and internal control. They can conduct their daily activities as along they are not prohibited by the government. In Malaysia, people have got freedom of worship, and the government has provided a forum whereby people conduct their business activities such as public marketing. This policy has helped the nation to grow economic and develop individually. People are free to do trading business in the country and invest in private sectors at this moment they create self-employment. This is a policy which was obtained after Malaysia fought for independence. As a result, the country has been, improving regarding national income and increase the rate of GDP since people are active in production.}

^{There is also freedom of speech whereby people are given a chance to speak their mind concerning any issue that can lead to development within the nation. This idea has been of help since people can exchange their views and assist each other where there is a problem that needs to be solved (Smith, 2014). The purpose of having freedom of movement has also enabled Malaysian citizens to move freely to conduct their businesses and sell their products without being questioned.}

 ^{The policy has also worked on human security which ensures that there is peace within the nation and human beings are protected from enemies such as terrorists. This is a factor which has contributed to economic improvement for Malaysia making the country to shift from developing nation to a developed country in the last few decades. According to the constitution in acts 5.0, people are not restricted to censorship meaning that they can protest and demonstrate freely in case they feel being made worse off. The social medics and the press can be able to express their views and complaints voluntarily to the government at this moment their grievances are usually attended. This has prevented issues like consistent strikes at government working sectors and boycotting.}

 ^{c.)     Private property policy}

^{In Malaysia, citizen’s private properties are protected by the government the use of legal systems and adequate legislation protection. This is to say that there are restrictions of stealing any person’s property. Foreigners are not allowed to own agricultural lands equal to RM 250,000 in Malaysia.}

 ^{Foreigners are also barred from holding more than 205 of the commercialized farms in this country especially in single development sectors and even in aggregate commercial industries (Lenn, 2014). This policy has helped the nation to guard their properties form foreigners which mean the resources are utilized for economic growth of the owners in the country. The idea promoted people to perform businesses freely without the fear of thieves taking their properties.}

^{The law in the nation protects the personal properties enabling the citizens to multiply their products through trade. The banking systems are also commercials leading to better money circulation which is operating under the same regulation. Communication system within the nation has also improved since there is the use of fax, newspapers, telephones among others. Computer networkers are also working in the country, and people can communicate to the nearest police station in case of any property stolen (Ruthel, 2014). In Malaysia, there are more than 4.6 million telephones and about 5000 million mobiles phones which provide efficiency and effectiveness in the communication sector.}

 ^{The use of modern systems of communication has also played a role in ensuring people can address any issue to the government, unlike the old days whereby people had to travel to relay some crucial information. Thus, the use of modern communication methods hassled to efficiency in production sectors. According to the research conducted in 2000, there are 391 radio broadcasting stations and 10.8 million radios. In the same survey, it was discovered that Malaysia has 109 million television and seven internet service providers with also most 4.1 million internet users.}

^{According to this data, it can be seen globalization has played a role in the implementation of the economic policies in Malaysia in the communication department. It is the reason Malaysia has improved in communication sectors which is a factor necessary for effectiveness in production. The implementation of communication method has been as a result of the use of private protection policy to enable citizens to communicate to the law in case of any theft.}

^{d.)    Ministers involvement in implementation of economic policies in Malaysia Policy}

 ^{According to the commercial survey in Malaysia, there is a growth of 4.3% in the year 2013 compared to 3.35 in the year 2014.If we compare the two, there is a decrease in economic growth in Singapore which is why the ministers in the government ought to know the exact figures and make help in the implementation of both fiscal and monetary policy (Kandasamy, M. and R. Santhiram, 2014). The decline in economic growth may be as a result of poor decision making and lack of know-how in the field of the policymakers in implementing systems in Malaysia (Miller, 2012). There is a contraction in the manufacturing growth since the 2008 financial crisis and Malaysia is growing at a rate of 1.7% which is quite low.}

^{It is the reason much concern should be given to economic growth in Malaysia whereby ministers in the parliaments should be involved. According to the data in the economic survey of Malaysia, businesses are not doing well due to the rise in management costs. The ministers should be aware that 42,000 businesses existed to function in 2014 and 2015 the number increased to 49,000. It is clear about failure in companies which is expanding at an excessive amount. The ministers should thus integrate these results and help in making the country better by raising the economic growth.}

 ^{It can only be done through solving of financial problems which are affecting the rate of growth. This should be the reason as to why ministers should not ask the Malaysians only to accept the less picky jobs that come on their way but lead through example. Another thing that ministers would do to help in managing the economy in Malaysia is to reduce the number of large salaries they receive every month.}

^{The money can be used to perform expenditure activities among another government task. The funds can also be used a spending by the government to boost the youths in creating self-employment. The idea would help in increasing the economic employment rate and per capita income which would result in growth and development. The concept of reducing wages and salaries to the ministers should thus be reduced which boost all the Malaysians morale for working when their leaders lead by examples.}

^{It will show that our leaders are willing to put themselves in the citizen’s shoes. In 1960, Malaysian first Finance minister Dr. Keng Swee suggested for a wage of the top civil servants to be reduced to help the most vulnerable society. The leader led through an example which motivated growth in like all economic sectors whereby every other citizen could feel the impact of better leadership. When the wages were cut down, the country was able to do other commercial tasks such as improving infrastructures and reinforcing accessibilities, better healthcare facilities and building of schools were implemented during that period. All the ministers should also be innovative and learn about the flexibility in the environmental takes in Malaysia.}

^{The business emerging issues should also be taken into consideration which would boost the rate of employment in Malaysia (Mohamad, 2002). The point of minister declaration should also be addressed such as the trade services offered in the country, integration of all the job creation and other development in the country. The issue of population aging is also affecting the economic welfare in Malaysia. According to the data in 2008, there are over 300,000 persons who are aged 65 years and above in the same country.}

 ^{It constitutes to less production as old people don’t produce compared to the age of majority. It is anticipated that by 2030 the rate of aging in the population may be about 19% when we predict following the 2008 and preceding year data.}

^{The Ministerial Comminute on Ageing (MCA) suggests of helping in dealing with aging in Malaysia through enhancing Employment and Financial sustainability in the country for better security for the aged. Ministers also promote the Active Ageing and offering networks to support the agencies in achieving the vision. Ministerial planning group formation is also essential since it will help in collaboration and coordination of ideas using the digital strategies in response. There is working together with all the ministers in the government to help in planning and evaluating all the economic challenges faced in Malaysia. The budgeting is be done collectively by all the misters in all the ministers to assist in the allocation of resources which boost transparency and issuing of funds in all the national government will quickly be implemented (Mosher, 2008). Coming up with ideas on the use of advanced technology to improve efficacy and effectiveness in the state is also fully implemented leading to better performance in the country.}

^{IV.)    The roles of global political economy (GPE) on globalization in Malaysia}

^{The international political economy is a department which deals with the analyses of economics, political issues as well as the foreign relations in the whole world. It is also known as the global political economy which is initialized as the ( GPE).It deals with many issues and disciplines of various schools such as the political sciences, the Bachelor of Arts, sociology among others.}

^{The IPE scholars in 2000 could plan for meeting to discuss the globalization and the population in Malaysia. The topics could mainly pay attention to the trade performances and the rate exchange which could affect the economic returns. The political issues were also addressed, and peace creation among the people was the primary aim of planning to have democratic leadership whereby all the citizens could be free to express their opinions. The issue of international development was also addressed and how to deal with poverty.}

^{Various propositions were expressed on how to eradicate poverty in the country and dealing with low GDP which caused Malaysia to have low income. However, since 2000, there are various mitigations which were undertaken that has helped the IPE to be more globalized than during that time. The following evidence will be discussed to attest that indeed globalization has great impacts on political economy in Malaysia.}

^{i.)    The issue of political terror and attack}

^{The effect of risks involved with politics and insecurity has indeed improved, and people can trade without fear (Silverberg, 2017). Malaysians were having difficulties in the standard of living and could find it hard to survive since the military and terror could create tension. There were various diseases, and the price of the bread kept skyrocketing leading to a tough time.}

 ^{Many people could speak their grievances to the regime and food banks were empty thus their cries went to no avail due to political unrest. The hunger stroked the land, and even, the urban-centered become a hard place to survive. The effect was increased in immoralities, like murder, prostitution, theft among others ways to escape.  Also, the terror attack and killing of people during political rallies have reduced significantly from 27% in 2000 to 12% during the present time which is an evidence of global improvement. During 2000 season, within Malaysia, 300,000 people lost their lives form executions and killing after the brutal wars.}

^{The terror was designed to fight the enemies in the trading struggle and protect the counter-revolution from losing and gaining their land. The people who were held were ordinary people and not aristocratic and helped in the tribunal needed to arrest all the suspected people. The federalism was used to assist in the growth and more evolution in the country which is not the case in today’s era.}

^{ii.)    The markets in the global}

^{Various markets have been formed, and the mode of transportation has also been enhanced which has increased the trade performance. The market has been located in strategic places and exchanging of goods has been made easier. The Malaysian government has also come up with more natural ways of trading whereby all the marketers are promoted through a reduction in taxation and increment in government spending. Such policies are acting as motivators towards the marketers and can supply more, and the manufacturers are given the moral to produce more for exchange (Smith, 2014). The government talked about the use of tools and policy to curb the poor performance of the country and development at large.}

^{The new members are also trained to follow the new tactics in the performances in market industries and to learn to eradicate poverty in the nation. Adapting to the new skills will help in raising the ethical conduct in management. They have played a role in spreading the information about marketing and international trade which has helped in better trading than in 2000.}

^{iii.)    International finances}

^{The money has been budgeted for, and continuous flow is observed to ensure that the international trade is encouraged and there are no errors or frauds in Malaysian production sectors. There is also the use of advanced machines to make more accurate calculations to determine the profit which is different from the 2000 era time (V.Job, 2011). The ideas have helped in keeping the financial accounts more accurate and able to account for every coin which has boosted the trade performance.}

^{iv.)    Challenges on implementation of GPE in Malaysia}

^{Various choices involving globalization in the Malaysia makes it impossible to achieve maximum growth in the country. There are multiple factors which affect the policy-making in the macroeconomic principles. Challenges involve lack of capital and infrastructure. It results in the management of policy and implementation of tools leading to lack of proper organization in the country. It leads to lack of appropriate control and information of expected choices within the body of multi-dimension.}

^{For example emergence of mobile phones which has made communication easy. Various markets have been formed, and the mode of transportation has also been enhanced which has increased the trade performance. Markets have been located in strategic places and exchanging of goods has been made easier (Altbach, P. and Davis, 2013). Malaysia has even come up with more natural ways of trading whereby all the marketers are promoted through the reduction in taxation and increment in government spending. Such policies are acting as motivators towards the marketers and can supply more, and the manufacturers are given the morale to produce more for exchange.}

^Conclusion

In conclusion, globalization and economic policy have got great impact in Malaysia and has led to growth and development in this country. There are both positive and negative impacts of globalization in this country. The positive effects involve improvement in agricultural, industrial, technological and mining sector due to the use of advanced technology. There has been an increment in efficiency and effectiveness in production sector due to the availability of mechanical machines which manages to perform a task in less time compared to the manual means.

There has been an exchange of ideas due to the interaction of different culture from the globalization department leading to increment incompetency in skills at work. Globalization and improvement in technology have enhanced the production industry where modern machines have been introduced thus increasing the quality and also the quantity of products. This leads to growth in the income earned by the Malaysians which translates to an overall rise in the economy of the country.

The government is, therefore, able to make more revenue and after that improve the infrastructure which ensures significant strides of development are achieved. Negative impacts of globalization involve the imitation of poor habits from western and unemployment due to the introduction of the use of machines (Wagner, 2012). The purpose of economic policy such as New Economic Policy has also helped in the production and growth and development has been achieved. The NEP is a policy which has indeed provided various economic impacts leading to growth and development of this nation.

This administration came up with the idea of expanding all the substantial targeted incidences which can lead to better performance of industries within the country. There is also improvement of economic status regarding lands and training whereby this policy emphasized on the recruitment of workers where there is Training Need Analysis. This concept has helped the nation to have competent and qualified workers to perform in the production sectors (Huh, C. and Trehan, B, 2016). The use of various factors top test the hypothesis using different variables indicates that there is a relationship between globalization and growth and development in Malaysia. After joining globalization union, Malaysia has been improving regarding gross domestic products and liberalization in every year.

Before independence, this country s experiencing trade losses of about 53,691 RM. However, in 1997, the state experienced an increase FDI which means Foreign Direct Investment within the manufacturing industries (Janel, 2016). As a result of globalization, pharmacy and medicinal sectors were controlled by the rate of drugs price increased from 65 to 110%.The government has been active in ensuring globalization issues are handled correctly. Various challenges face the state in the process of implementing all the globalized ideas. However, these problems are eventually overcome leading to growth and development.

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