Kinesiology

Kinesiology

            Kinesiology is the study of the movement mechanism of the human body. Kinesiology is applied in biomechanics, orthopedics, and neuromodulation. Neuromodulation technology allows the use of electrical stimulation to reduce neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that is resistant to conventional pharmacological therapeutic treatment. Neuromodulation is a technological technique that can be used in the treatment and test of neuropathic pain. Other nonpharmacological methods have been used in the treatment of chronic pain, but their outcome has side effects on the patients. Neuromodulation technology involves the use of daily electrical stimulation in the test and treatment of neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that is resistant to normal therapeutic interventions. The chronic pain is mostly caused by damage of the nervous system (López,2019). The pain has a continuous effect that resembles electric shock. Neuropathic pain is caused by damage of nerve, which is mostly caused by burning, pins and needles sensations. Neuropathic pain is also associated with football players whose nerves may be damaged due to intense physical contacts. Neuropathic pain can also be caused by nervous system disorder. Neuromodulation technique is an effective method used in the treatment and test of neuropathic pain. Neuromodulation technique involves the injection of electrical signals into the body of the patient. The electrical stimulations depend on the biological response of the body. The electrical stimulations influences cell nerve activity where numerous transmitters such as dopamine are released.

The release of the large population of nerve transmitters suppresses the pain on the injured nerve. The stimulations are carried out at a specific frequency and is carried out in more than one day. After the electrical stimulations are carried out, positive results are indicated if the pain on the patient is relieved.

An experiment was carried out to test the validity of neuromodulation technique. Rats were used in the experiment for the collection of the required data. Adult rats were subjected to nerve transection and repair, and they were divided into four groups. Rats were connected in an electrical wire system for initiation of electrical signals. Untreated rats were 12, rats under acute electrical stimulation were 12, rats under chronic electrical stimulation were 12 and rats under increased –frequency electrical stimulation were 12. Immunohistochemistry was used in the processing of spinal cord samples obtained from different groups of the rats. In the experiment, the positive result was to be indicated on how the rats responded to the neuromodulation technique. For acute electrical stimulation, there was an immediate increase in mechanical pain that disappeared after a few days. For chronic electrical stimulation, the pain was relieved after a few days. The control group in the experiment were the rats that were not subjected to electrical stimulation. The validity of the diagnostic procedure was proved because the untreated rats remained in pain, while pain disappeared for the rats that were exposed to Neuromodulation technique.

In summary, the neuromodulation procedure is a technological method used for testing and treatment of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that is caused by damage to the nervous system. Neuropathic pain can also be caused by nervous system disorder. Neuromodulation method involves the injection of electrical signals in the body of the patient. The electrical stimulations cause nerve activity that results in the suppression of the pain. The positive test that an individual is suffering from neuropathic pain is indicated by the suppression of the pain. An experiment that involved rats was carried out and proved the validity of neuromodulation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

López‐Álvarez, V. M., Cobianchi, S., & Navarro, X. (2019). Chronic electrical stimulation reduces hyperalgesia and associated spinal changes induced by peripheral nerve injury. Neuromodulation:      Technology at the Neural Interface.