BREAST-FEEDING
Maternal (breast) milk is the best food for babies. For most healthy babies with normal body weight at birth, mother’s milk with vitamin D is enough as nutrition in the first six months. When breastfeeding, the baby receives all the necessary nutrients, with the exception of vitamin D. Mother’s antibodies that protect the baby from diseases and contribute to a long-term healthy effect.
Almost all mothers can breastfeed. Although little milk is released at the beginning, it is usually enough for the needs of the baby. Breast size and shape, does not affect the secretion of milk by the mammary glands. In order for breastfeeding to succeed, training and practice are often required. In problematic situations, it is best to consult an expert to check for a grip on the chest. It is important that breastfeeding does not turn into a nightmare for the mother. If, for some reason, breastfeeding is not possible or does not succeed, then it is better to use a milk replacer and provide the baby with nutrition than to lose his peace of mind.
The father plays an important role in supporting the nursing mother. The more he knows about breastfeeding, the more his perception will be positive. The father’s attitude to breastfeeding has a big influence on the mother’s decision to start and continue breastfeeding.
Lactation
Already during pregnancy, the breast prepares for breast to feeding. Lactation begins immediately after birth under the influence of hormones and constant breastfeeding. The prolactin hormone is responsible for the production of milk in the breast. Prolactin levels increase after breastfeeding, thus stimulating milk production for the next feeding. Don't use plagiarised sources.Get your custom essay just from $11/page
The hormone oxytocin causes a reflex. The reflex is already triggered when the mother thinks, looks at her child or hears him. As a result of a certain feeding regime, milk production increases within a few days after giving birth so as to satisfy the needs of the baby. Lactation does not end suddenly.
Breastfeeding Technique
You can feed in various positions. It is advisable to try several ways to find one that is best for mom and baby. The most important thing in so that mom relaxes. The quality of breastfeeding largely depends on the comfort of the posture of the mother and baby during feeding. You can make the situation more comfortable while breastfeeding by placing, for example, pillows under the head and shoulders.
When feeding, you should alternate breasts, each new feeding, start with
“New” breast. At the beginning of feeding, the mother herself can squeeze a few drops of milk. The baby’s mouth should capture most of the areola, so that the nipple of the chest touches the palate. Do not press on the cheeks or neck of the baby. If the baby appears hungry after one breast, continue feeding from the other. However, milk in one breast should run out before moving to another breast. Thus, there is a guarantee that the child receives all the nutrients with milk. At first, the baby can be put to sleep while eating. In this case, you can carefully wake him up to continue feeding.
Often, especially during early lactation, milk can ooze from the breast, even if you do not hold the baby. During breastfeeding, milk may also be released from the “free” breast. In this case, you can use a special bra. During feeding, additional milk can be collected in the so-called milk collector, which is placed inside the bra on the nipple. Milk collected in the milk collector for one day can be stored (in a separate container) in the refrigerator. In the evening, the collected milk can be poured into a small plastic bag and put in a freezer.
Breast care
After feeding, you can squeeze a drop of milk and let it dry. It protects the breast better than ointments. It is important to keep the breasts clean, but you do not need to wash them after each feeding in order to preserve the skin’s own protective components.
Expressing milk from the chest is usually not necessary. This is usually done in cases when breast feeding is very painful during feeding, or if milk secretion is difficult from the breast. Precious mother’s milk should never be poured. If there is more than enough milk, then the excess milk can be frozen and used later, or given to the center of mother’s milk. In a children’s consultation, they may also know who needs breast milk. The purity of donor breast milk should always be monitored.
Cracks or blisters on the nipples make breastfeeding painful. As an aid, you can use a pacifier for breastfeeding. If the chest hurts, it is red and hot, then this means that inflammation has begun, mastitis. You can usually continue breastfeeding, even with sore breasts. For advice on how to care for sore breasts, it is better to contact a consultation or maternity ward.
Fluid intake
A nursing mother needs a lot of fluid. The best way to quench your thirst during lactation is water, weak juices and drinks, in which sweeteners (aspartan and asesulfam) are added. However, you should avoid drinking only sweetened drinks, they are harmful to the teeth, contain empty calories and increase sugar levels.
It is forbidden to smoke while breastfeeding! For both parents, it makes sense to quit smoking during pregnancy and lactation, and even better forever.
Nicotine reduces the secretion of the pituitary hormone (prolactin), which is necessary for the formation of milk. Nicotine levels in mother’s milk are three times higher than in her blood. Nicotine in breast milk stimulates the baby and can lead to problems with sleep and digestion. If you cannot quit smoking while breastfeeding, you should still avoid smoking 2-3 hours before and during feeding. Even when using NRT, pause 2-3 hours before feeding. It is very important that the child is not exposed to smoke. Tobacco smoke can cause a runny nose and cough periodically, and also increases the risk of asthma in the future.
Milk substitutes
If breastfeeding ends at the age of one year, the baby is given substitutes for breast milk produced by the food industry. They come in both powder and ready-to-use formulas. Use them according to the instructions on the package.
For safety reasons, it is important that baby food is not kept warm, for example, in a thermos or for night feedings. The milk temperature for the baby should be about 37 degrees, i.e. same as body temperature. Before giving milk to a child, you must try it. Do not store unused cooked baby food.
Unopened packaging of infant formula can be stored at room temperature until the date indicated on the packaging. Opened packaging should be stored in the refrigerator (at a temperature of 2-5 degrees), and the contents should be used within one day. The mixture is poured into the dishes and heated either in a water bath, under running hot water, or gently in a microwave. The heated mixture should be mixed and the temperature controlled, for example, dropping a drop of milk on the back of the brush.
The powdered substitute for breast milk is not sterile, so it is important to follow these instructions:
- boil cold tap water to prepare baby food. (When you start giving lure you do not need to boil water for a long time, if the quality tap water is considered good).
- Allow the water to cool slightly.
- Use the amount of powder indicated on the packaging instructions.
- Prepare the amount of the mixture for no more than one serving.
Water
For the preparation of baby food, you should use only cold tap water, after skipping it for a while. It is not recommended to use hot tap water, since it may contain microorganisms and other impurities. It is not a good practice to give the child juice or sugary drinks. This harms the rudiments of the teeth and teaches the baby to sweets.
Burping and burping
After feeding, the baby is raised on the shoulder so that it burps. To ease belching can be a soft pat on the pope. Belching significantly reduces the discomfort in the baby’s stomach. When a child sucks with greed, while swallowing air, he easily spits milk. If the child often spits up, you can interrupt the feeding by lifting the baby on his shoulder so that he burps and the air leaves the tummy. When a child moves to a more solid diet, cases of regurgitation are reduced.
Dummy Nipples
Sucking and pulling everything in your mouth is the way a child learns the world. In the beginning, the baby’s mouth is the most sensitive area. Fingers quickly get into your mouth. If the baby has a great need to suck, it is better to use a nipple than a finger: the skin of the finger may crack from sucking, and it is often difficult to wean the babyfrom sucking a finger. Not all babies want a pacifier or need it.
Avoid giving your baby a nipple before breastfeeding has begun and the baby has mastered the sucking technique. It is not recommended that the baby constantly suck the nipple. He needs her only when the baby is naughty, or worried. After the baby falls asleep, it is necessary to carefully remove the nipple. If the newborn has a strong need for sucking, and he continues to suckle after feeding, and the nipples are sore, you can gently feed him the nipple until he falls asleep. In special cases, such as premature babies and babies with cleft lip, the nipple is used to stimulate the sucking technique.
Nipples, like baby bottles, should be kept in impeccable cleanliness, as unknown bacteria can easily cause diarrhea in the baby. The nipple should not be cleaned in the adult’s mouth, as In this case, the bacteria of the adult together with the nipple will fall into the baby’s mouth. It should also be controlled so that the nipple does not fall into the hands of other children. Bottles and nipples should be boiled daily until the child reaches six months of age. After that, just wash the pacifier in hot water. The nipple hole should not be too large so that the child does not swallow air, which causes pain in the tummy. The hole is considered to be the correct size if milk is dripping from it.
HYGIENE
Excreta
The metabolic process in infants is intense. During the day, the baby can urinate up to twenty times. Feces occur more individually. Some babies defecate only once or twice a week, others several times a day. In the early days of a baby’s bowel movement, usually there are dark green colors. Over time, feces become brownish or yellow.
Normal baby feces have a sour, but not unpleasant odor. Often breast-fed infants have greenish loose stools. Without any signs of diarrhea. With diarrhea, a bad smell appears and the stool is completely absorbed into the diaper, leaving a green spot on it.
Diapers
Disposable diapers are convenient, but it becomes expensive to use them in the long run, because diapers and diapers are usually needed for 2-3 years. Disposable diapers decompose in nature for a very long time, therefore heavy load on the environment. The advantage of disposable diapers is that they have a good ability to absorb moisture, the baby’s skin remains dry, which reduces the risk of diaper rash. For children with sensitive skin or in cases of diaper dermatitis, disposable diapers make skin care easier.
There are various diapers. Cloth diapers are ideal for newborns. They just need to be changed on time so that the baby is not in the wet diaper for a long time. It is important to wear the diaper correctly so that there are no smudges. The fibers contained in the diaper conduct moisture from the baby’s skin to the absorbent part. Knitted diaper pants do not need to be washed very often, only the inner absorbent liner needs to be washed. Particularly warm and breathable diapers – pants made of wool. When using fabric diapers, it is recommended that you have twenty inner liners. It is a good practice to have several pairs of diaper pants of the right size.
Diaper Change
In the beginning, the diapers will have to be changed after almost every meal, because the infant, as a rule, poops after feeding. Wash the baby with warm water and only occasionally with soap. Wipe thoroughly, using, if necessary, baby ointment. For lubrication, a regular cream without additives is suitable, which can be bought at a pharmacy. The cream is applied to the skin with patting movements, avoiding rubbing.
It is not necessary to wash the baby every time you change the diaper described. Do not let the baby stay in the wet diaper for too long, as urine and feces irritate the sensitive skin of the baby. If the skin on the pope is reddish, then the diaper should be changed more often than usual and the butt should be carefully lubricated with cream. If you use fabric diapers, it makes sense, for a short period, to switch to disposable ones. If the baby’s skin becomes irritated when switching to fabric diapers, make sure that they are washed properly.
It is sometimes useful for a child to be completely without diapers, since moisture is the cause of skin irritation. Air baths are recommended in a warm place. If the baby’s skin is in pimples or wounds, talcum powder or potato starch can be used for care. Further information is available at the consultation.
Bathing.
The baby should have its own bathtub, which is not used for anything else. Thus, for example, dermatitis can be prevented. The water in the bath temperature should be 37 degrees, it can be checked with a thermometer.
The baby is bathed in 2-5 days. Daily bathing can excessively dry the skin. Soap is not needed with every bath, it rinses off sebum and dries the skin. A drop of bathing oil can be added to the bath to soften the baby’s skin. The use of bath salts is not recommended. Do not bathe a sick baby or if it has a temperature, rinsing quickly enough.
If the child crap one’s pants before bathing, then it must be washed before bathing. They wash the face separately, using cotton wool soaked in warm water. Eyes are washed with moist cotton from the outer edge of the eye to the inside. The ears and the area behind the ears are also wiped. Do not clean the ear canals and nostrils; these sensitive areas are usually cleaned by themselves.
Bathing begins with a few minutes. When the baby is several weeks old, he likes to bathe in the bath for a longer time. Bathing calms the baby. The kid likes the calm, confident actions of an adult caring for him. Sharp movements should be avoided so that the baby does not get scared. Make sure that water does not get into your mouth while swimming! At certain times, the child may not have the urge to bathe at all. In this case, you should not force him, it is better to choose another way of washing, refraining from bathing for a while.
The hands of an adult bathing a baby should be warm. Watches and jewelery are best removed, as they can scratch the baby’s delicate skin. To warm a child’s clothes, you can put, for example, a heating radiator. You can also heat the towel in this way, or wrap it around your own waist, and after bathing, quickly wrap the baby in it.
How to keep your baby while swimming: Put your baby back in your hand. His head should be above your wrist of your left hand (if you’re right-handed), while your hand holds the child by the armpit of the shoulder farthest from you. The thumb should lie on the shoulder (on the so-called plexus ring). The baby begins to wash from the head, going down to the legs. With your free hand, carefully water the baby with water, avoiding contact with eyes. Thoroughly rinse the folds on the neck, under the armpits, in the groin, elbow and knee bends, as dirt often accumulates there.
In the beginning, many mothers and fathers worry, bathing the child, especially turning him from the back to the tummy. Therefore, while the baby has not yet strengthened his muscles, and he does not support the head itself, you can keep it in one position all the time, washing it from all sides. In the future, the position of the baby is changed as follows: when the baby is washed from the side of the tummy, it is turned and placed on the bathing man’s tummy. With their free hands, they hold the armpit of the right handle and carefully turn it over. While swimming, you need to hold the baby tight. From the back, wash in the same direction – from the head to the legs. If soap was not used when bathing, a separate rinse is not required.
After bathing, the baby is wiped with a special towel designed for him. The folds of the skin are wiped especially thoroughly. If the skin is healthy and not dry, using a cream is not necessary. A thin layer of baby cream or odorless lotion is applied to the baby’s dry, red or cracked skin.
Hair, scalp and nails
The baby’s head is washed while bathing. On the skin of the baby, a seborrheic crust is often formed. Before bathing, the head is lubricated with bathing oil or cream and left for several minutes to absorb the product. After washing with a hair brush or comb, carefully scrub the crust. Do not worry too much to damage the fontanel.
A newborn baby often has long nails. Given the risk of inflammation of the nail plate, it is not recommended to trim the nails during the first week. If the child accidentally breaks off the nails, you can use cotton gloves as protection.
The baby’s nails should be trimmed about once a week. After swimming – the time is right for this. The handle or leg must be held tight so that the baby does not gesticulate with it. If the baby is naughty, then it is better to postpone it for a more appropriate time.
Sauna
A baby lesser than six months old should not be taken with him to the sauna, since he can not regulate the body’s heat through sweating. From six months to a year, the child can be in the sauna on the lower shelf, avoiding too high a temperature.
When washing baby clothes, strongly aromatic detergents should be avoided. New baby clothes must be washed before first use. Detergents are recommended to be used in the dosage corresponding to the instructions, otherwise the washing results may be worse, and powder residues may remain on clothing. The weaker the product used, the softer the laundry. Diapers should be rinsed with particular care so that no detergents remain on them.
Sleep
In its first weeks, the baby sleeps most of the time between feedings. For a newborn baby, the safest sleeping position is on its side. An older baby is better off sleeping on his back. In the beginning, usually a child wakes up at night 2-3 times to eat. Already a two-week-old baby requires more attention and enjoys communicating for a longer time during the day. A three-month-old baby is awake for 6-8 hours a day. From the very beginning has it makes sense to accustom a child to such a sleep regimen, which over time will fit into the sleep regimen and the life rhythm of the whole family.
Laying to sleep.
When the baby is laid to sleep, one must try, while not stimulating him. Loud conversation, bright lights, games and jokes with him can cheer up a half-asleep child. Lulling on your hands, wiggling, quiet chant of a lullaby, often help the baby sleep. There is no need to hold the child in his arms until he falls asleep. Once he has calmed down, you can carefully put him in the crib so that the baby falls asleep there.
The stroller is a good modern alternative to the cradle. With its slow movement or wiggling, the baby is easier to fall asleep. Putting to sleep suggests, of course, that the child is tired. Vainly put to bed a vigorous, willing to play child. You can’t make him sleep, but you can still get him to sleep. A nipple, soft toy for sleeping, or just a rag can help a young child fall asleep.
Sleep Poses
It is advisable that babies sleep on their sides or backs up to 6 months of age, as studies have shown that this significantly reduces the risk of sudden infant death.
Toys for sleeping
At the age of several months, many children, when they are put to bed, want to have a soft toy or just a rag with them in their crib. Sleep is a form of separation, and it is sometimes difficult to endure. A soft toy or cloth is an aid to the baby during bedtime. It is important to take this toy with you when the child is spending the night outside the house or if someone else, and not the baby’s parents, is watching him at night. The toy helps to feel safe and functions as a substitute for the carer, especially when changes occur, such as when breastfeeding ends.
Difficulty sleeping
The most common cause of insomnia is usually an upset stomach or flatulence. Sometimes there are difficulties with sleep, when during wakefulness the child spends a lot of time in the crib. Lack of communication during the day can also provoke the child to demand attention at night.
On the other hand, excessive communication and excitement, tiring the child, can provoke difficulties with sleep. Children also have an individual need for silence and the opportunity to be alone.
Sleep is usually disturbed when the child learns to crawl and walk. The child is excited with new impressions and skills, and he slowly calms down. Changing the place to sleep can also adversely affect the baby’s falling asleep. He can sleep poorly if the place to sleep changes when his bed is moved from the first crib (cardboard box) to a larger crib. The situation can be improved by covering the bed with cloth. The child does not need absolute silence, but, for example, the noise of the TV can interfere with him. Bright lighting can also interfere with sleep, especially for an older baby.
Baby Night Care
Changing diapers at night should be done as quickly as possible with the child returning to bed. During this procedure, it is advisable to use dim lighting. It’s better not to talk and play with the kid too much so as not to cheer him up. The kid easily gets used to night communication.
Sleep in the air
Many children sleep better on the street: fresh air promotes deep and long sleep. A child born in the summer can immediately be taken to sleep outside, depending on the weather. The stroller must be installed so that it does not roll over or roll back. To protect the baby from insects, you can use a protective net.
In winter, with a dream on the street, you should wait up to two weeks until the baby gets stronger. Staying in the air begins with a short time, gradually increasing its duration. On the street should not be colder than 10 degrees. Do not lubricate the baby’s cheeks with ointment containing water when it is cold, because it can freeze and damage delicate skin. The baby should be well wrapped in a warm sleeping bag, from time to time it is necessary to check if the cheeks are cold. Over time, the child can spend all his daytime sleep in the air.
In rainy or very windy weather, the stroller with the child should be well protected and in a safe place. Strong winds significantly increase the cooling effect. In spring and summer, the stroller must not be exposed to the scorching sun: the stroller is very hot, and the child may suffocate from the heat.
Sleeping in the air in the case of a premature baby should be discussed in a pediatric consultation individually.
CHILD DEVELOPMENT CARE
Each child develops at their own pace. In accordance with the genetics inherited from his parents, and depending on the environment. Tables characterizing the development of the child are a guide that describes, on average, the sequence and time frame, the child’s development of new knowledge and skills. However, there are large individual differences. Kid can develop more quickly in one area, and slower in another. For several weeks, the baby learns new skills, and then trains them for some more time.
For the development of the child, it is very important that the parents are happy and attentive to the new interests of the child and support his development, creating good conditions for training new skills. When the baby has just learned to roll over from the tummy to the back, it’s good to play with him on the floor, instead of to sit in a highchair for a long time. If the child is weakly interested in new things, you can try to gently influence him, but not very much, too high ambitions and a desire to accelerate development can hurt the child. If the baby is overweight, then stabilization of body weight will contribute to his physical development. You should not compare the child with other children. It is more important that his own development goes forward and the skills that the child has mastered are not forgotten for a long time. Problems found at birth, or infections detected over time, can adversely affect the development of the baby. The development of premature babies is evaluated, taking into account the so-called corrected age (i.e. from the estimated date of birth).
From birth, all children are different
Each child has relatively constant habits and individual characteristics that are characteristic only of him. These innate differences are called temperament. Types of temperament, these are the features of circadian rhythms (daily rhythms), like patience, calm, activity, anxiety, ability concentrate and adapt to the situation. Although the mood, which includes irritability and a tendency to negative emotions, as well as curiosity, courage, or timidity and reserve in new situations, is part of temperament. From the point of view of parents, the child’s temperament manifests itself in such a way that caring for some children is quite easy, while others are more demanding.
The child needs an environment
Barely born, the child begins to lively study his surroundings. There are many things that he learns exclusively from other people. Therefore, the baby needs a company. To ensure the full development of the child, what is usually done by most parents is enough: to talk, hold the baby in her arms, lull him to sleep, perform physical exercises with him, sing, show things in the house, promote the baby’s acquaintance with other people, etc. The child does not need “training”, and there is absolutely no need for extra-stimulating methods.
Acceptance of the needs of the child
For the development of the child, it is most important to take into account his needs and love him for who he is. The baby should receive food when he is hungry and sleep when he is tired. When a baby shows he have interest in an object or phenomenon, it is necessary to fully support and encourage him to learn new things. Since the child is drawn into the mouth at an early age, dangerous objects should be kept out of reach.
The child does not know himself
In the first months, the child has a very vague idea of himself. He thinks that one part of it belongs to his mother, and the other to others. For example, he does not have a clear idea that the arms and legs are his own, and his mother’s chest or blanket is not. To know himself, a child needs the help of other people. In the hands of an adult, he feels the weight of his body. Over time, the baby realizes itself as a separate creature, which has its borders.
Height and weight
The average weight of a newborn is 3000 – 4000 g. And height – 49-52 cm. During the first days of life, weight usually decreases by 6-8 percent compared to birth weight. A child usually gains weight back in the first few weeks. Then the baby on average adds 150-200 g per week. In age one year old baby usually weighs three times more than at birth (10-12 kg) growth, as a rule, is one and a half times more than at birth (73-80 cm).
As for weight, newborns can weigh somewhere between 400 g and 6000 g. The growth of the child is further determined depending on…
In rainy or very windy weather, the stroller with the child should be well protected and in a safe place. Strong winds significantly increase the cooling effect. In spring and summer, the stroller must not be exposed to the scorching sun: the stroller heats up very much, and the child may suffocate from the heat.
Sleeping in the air in the case of a premature baby should be discussed in a pediatric consultation individually.
Child development and care
Each child develops at their ownpace. In accordance with the genetics inherited from his parents, and depending on the environment. The tables characterizing the development of the child are a guide that describes, on average, the sequence and time frame of the child’s development of new knowledge and skills. However, there are large individual differences. Kid can develop more quickly in one area, and slower in another. For several weeks, the baby learns new skills, and then trains them for some more time.
For the development of the child, it is very important that the parents are happy and attentive to the new interests of the child and support his development, creating good conditions for training new skills. When the baby has just learned to roll over from the tummy to the back, it’s good to play with him on the floor, instead of to sit in a highchair for a long time. If the child is weakly interested in new things, you can try to gently influence him, but not very much, too high ambitions and a desire to accelerate development can hurt the child. If the baby is overweight, then stabilization of body weight will contribute to his physical development. You should not compare the child with other children. It is more important that his own development goes forward and the skills that the child has mastered are not forgotten for a long time.
Problems found at birth, or infections detected over time, can adversely affect the development of the baby. The development of premature babies is evaluated, taking into account the so-called corrected age (i.e. from the estimated date of birth).
From birth, all children are different
Each child has relatively constant habits and individual characteristics that are characteristic only of him. These innate differences are called temperament. Types of temperament, these are the features of circadian rhythms (daily rhythms), like patience, calm, activity, anxiety, ability to concentrate and adapt to the situation. Although the mood, which includes irritability and a tendency to negative emotions, as well as curiosity, courage, or timidity and reserve in new situations, is part of temperament. From the point of view of parents, the child’s temperament manifests itself in such a way that caring for some children is quite easy, while others are more demanding.
The child needs an environment
Barely born, the child begins to lively study his surroundings. There are many things that he learns exclusively from other people. Therefore, the baby needs a company. To ensure the full development of the child, it is enough that most parents usually do: talk, hold the baby in her arms, lull him to sleep, do physical exercises with him, sing, show things in the house, promote the baby’s acquaintance with other people, etc.
The child does not need “training”, and there is absolutely no need for extra-stimulating methods.
Acceptance of the needs of the child
For the development of the child, it is most important to take into account his needs and love him for who he is. The baby should receive food when he is hungry and sleep when he is tired. When a child is attracted by an object or phenomenon, it is necessary to fully support and encourage him to learn new things. Since the child is drawn into the mouth at an early age, dangerous objects should be kept out of reach.
The child does not know himself
In the first months, the child has a very vague idea of himself. He thinks that one part of it belongs to his mother, and the other to others. For example, he does not have a clear idea that the arms and legs are his own, and his mother’s chest or blanket is not. To know himself, a child needs the help of other people. In the hands of an adult, he feels the weight of his body. Over time, the baby realizes itself as a separate creature, which has its borders.
Height and weight
The average weight of a newborn is 3000 – 4000 g. And height – 49-52 cm. During the first days of life, weight usually decreases by 6-8 percent compared to birth weight. A child usually gains weight back in the first few weeks. Then the baby on average adds 150-200 g per week. In age one year old baby usually weighs three times more than at birth (10-12 kg) growth, as a rule, is one and a half times more than at birth (73-80 cm)….
As for weight, newborns can weigh somewhere between 400 g and 6000 g. The growth of the baby is further determined by the weight at birth, which is compared with the average weight characteristic of the week of pregnancy at which the baby was born. The growth curve is the main tool for nursing staff in pediatric consultation when tracking child growth. The physical development of the child is compared with the physical condition of his parents.
Speech Mastery
. In order for a child to speak, he must hear a speech. Therefore, it is important that people caring for the baby talk a lot with him. At first, the newborn gulit makes separate sounds. A six-month-old baby already knows some words, although he himself still cannot pronounce them. For example, he can show his mouth when asked about it. This, of course, suggests that he was often shown and called various parts of the body, for example, during swaddling. At the age of 7 – 8 months, the baby begins to actively repeat syllables and for a long time babble with himself. The child pronounces his first words at the age of 10 – 13 months.
Speech is of great importance for the development of the child. The ability to speak well and understand speech helps the child to better understand the world. It is often easier to coordinate a child who understands speech, and in this case, he quickly learns new things. In many situations, a child who speaks well and knows a lot of words does better than others.
In order for the baby to master the language, it is not enough just to speak. You need to talk with the child, adapting your speech to the situation and feelings of the child. This means that adults should aloud comment on the feelings of the baby, asking him and explaining to him. When talking with a small child, you need to use a rich and specific language. Along with the “language of care” and babble, the child must also hear normal speech and learn to pronounce words correctly.
Two languages simultaneously
In families where parents have different mother tongues, children have the opportunity to grow bilingual. If parents put effort into this and know how to contribute to the language development of the child, then the baby is usually able to learn two languages at the same time. It is important that dad and mom speak with their child in their own language from the very beginning. Talking with each other, and in communication with other people, parents, of course, can use the language that is more familiar to them.
Often, the development of one language is faster than another. As soon as a child reaches the age when he can play, the language can be improved in various ways: through songs, playing games, viewing picture books, reading fairy tales. A child who grows bilingual may for some time even refuse to use one of the languages. A parent whose language the child refuses to use is severely tested. In such situations, dad or mother can only continue to talk with the baby in their own language, despite the fact that he may answer another.
Learning two languages requires a certain amount of time and additional efforts from the child. Parents should be patient and show interest in both languages.
Vision
The vision of the newborn is not very clear. The easiest way for a baby to see the eyes of a person nearby. In the place where the newborn spends most of the time, you can hang bright things (for example, hang pieces of fabric on a thread). The child likes to watch moving objects, but for the period of sleep it is better to remove them. First of all, the baby learns to recognize the human face. He enjoys looking at a simple picture with eyes and a smiling mouth. Many newborns mow in the first months. Vision develops rapidly, and the child with pleasure examines his surroundings and objects surrounding him.
The kid is very interested in photographs of acquaintances and household items. When a child turns several months old, he can “read” books – pictures. If it turns out that the baby’s book was not interested, you can return to it after a while. A child learns only if he is interested, if it is too early to try to impose some kind of “activity”, there will be no benefit.
Picture books can be made independently by cutting out illustrations from magazines and laminating them. A kid usually likes his own little album with photos of his mother, father, sister, brother, grandfather, grandmother and other close people. He especially likes portraits.
Hearing
Newborns hear pretty well. Many babies recognize the voice of mom and dad at the age of several weeks. Two – three month old babies react to sound turning his head in the direction from which he hears it. Whisper of the child distinguishes only to end of the first year. The kid is easily scared of loud sounds.
Many children listen to music with great pleasure, and are also grateful listeners and spectators of their family members and loved ones. You can safely bring your own creativity to the court of the baby. It doesn’t matter to him if the performance is a little fake. Children aged several months catch the rhythm and begin to sway or dance to the beat of the music. However, the radio or TV should not be turned on all the time. The constant noise is tiring, and the joy of communicating with music is reduced.
Sense of smell
The newborn has a good sense of smell. He easily / well recognizes the smell of breast milk and calms down at the mother’s breast. If the baby sleeps restlessly at night and needs frequent attachment to the chest, it may be easier for him to calm down in his father’s arms, where the smell of milk will not stimulate the sucking reflex.
Motor activity of the child
The child usually begins to “hold his head” in the first months. He turns on his tummy in 3-5 months. After six months, some babies begin to crawl. For some, backward movement is easier than forward. After a while, the baby works out his technique and crawl speed to perfection. The child rises to his feet, using support or with support, at the age of 7-9 months and after a few months can do this without outside help. By the first birthday, about half of the children take their first steps.
For some time, the baby can be left in a sitting position, provided that he sits in a comfortable position and his head does not fall. The child car seat is for car use only. It is also not recommended that the child be too long in the devices for carrying children, children’s swings, or in walkers. The load on the spine and pelvis of a small child is too great if it remains in the same, possibly even in the wrong position, for a long time. It is better to let the baby lie on the floor, this contributes to the development of his motor skills.
The child loves to be in the arms of an adult, he loves to jump when he is lifted and shaken, he loves to swing his arms and legs, and be in motion. The child does not like hard games, sudden movements and sounds. In the children’s consultation, you can get advice on how to do gymnastics together with the baby. Many gymnastics clubs organize gymnastics for mom and baby. Swimming is also a common form of joint exercise for children and parents. The ideal age for starting swimming is 3-5 months.
The development of motor skills and touch
At the very beginning, the baby is introduced to the world through the mouth, this is the baby’s most sensitive organ. The handles are most often clenched, but over time the child opens his handles. At the age of 2-3 months, he begins to take things in two hands and pull them into your mouth. It is necessary to ensure that nothing poisonous and dirty gets into the mouth of a child. It’s also important that the child doesn’t have access to objects with which he may choke or which may lead to suffocation (laces, elastic bands, buttons, etc.)
At the age of several months, the child begins to take objects with one hand and shift them from hand to hand. With over time, the grasping ability develops so that the child takes toys with the thumb and forefinger. The baby should be given the opportunity to feel objects that are different to the touch: smooth and fluffy, soft and hard, made of wood, stone, etc. Thus, he masters the world.
Toys
Toys for the child can be made with your own hands. Children under one year of age are usually interested in rattles, soft toys, and balls. Household items may also be suitable for the game. The kid can play with a cook, plastic utensils, can lids, spools of thread or empty ketchup bottles.
It is important to verify that the toys do not have:
- sharp edges
- small parts that can detach
- toxic paints
- long cords and ribbons
- brittle materials
Memory of child development
It is very interesting and valuable for parents and children to keep notes, photographs and other specific objects or things that demonstrate the developmental path of the baby at different stages. Parents, caring for their firstborn, often think that until the end of their lives they will remember when and what the baby did and how he looked. But, unfortunately, the details are forgotten quickly. Therefore, it is advisable to take notes, for example, in a folder: when the first teeth erupted, what sounds the baby made, what made him laugh, what books he read, the first word of the child, his favorite toys, and so on. In photographs, it makes sense to always sign the date and name of the child. Otherwise, in families with several children it is not always easy to remember who exactly in the photograph, or which of the children used the word “funny” when commenting on the world.
WATCHING YOUR CHILD GROW
Parents want their children to grow up according to what is considered normal. Therefore, they tend to compare them with friends and neighbors. However, children are not all the same. During babies first year, babies grow at a breakneck pace. In any situation, each one has its own pace and the important thing will be to present a constant and gradual evolution. If a baby shows some delay compared to another one of the same age, and yet he is healthy and has normal behavior, in principle he will have no problem. These differences may have to do with genetic or racial factors, heredity or even with the baby’s diet or sex. The pediatrician will be an essential help to monitor the baby’s development and detect any problems.
The doctor will assess the baby’s development by observing the baby’s weight, height and cranial perimeter. The values obtained are then compared to tables that show the patterns of normal growth, indicating the average value of children, according to sex and age. There may be deviations below or above the average, which, however, are included in what is considered normal. I the child does not show growth below these limits and shows regular growth over repeated measurements, there is no reason to worry. Until the age of one, the child increases in weight and grows in height in a progressive way, but the intense rhythm of the first months of life is attenuated. The baby’s growth during its first year of life is not homogeneous. During the first 3 months increases about 30 g per day, about 20 g per day during the second trimester, in the third quarter it increases by 15 g per day and in the fourth quarter it increases by about 10 g per day. Anyway, by the 5th month you will have already doubled the weight you had at birth and at 12 months it had tripled.
The height of newborns is between 48 and 52 cm, with an average of 50 cm for males and 49 cm for females. Over the first 12 months, the baby’s height increases significantly, reaching an average of 74 cm, although it can vary between 65 cm and 80 cm. As a general rule, when the baby completes the first year of life, it will measure an average of 25 cm more than when it was born. In the meantime, there are numerous factors that influence weight and height. For example, if a baby becomes ill, it is possible that he will lose his appetite and lose weight. In turn, a more active baby will have a higher caloric expenditure than a more peaceful baby.
There are also some differences between genders with regard to height, as boys are usually 1 cm longer than girls, up to 12 months. The breed can also influence the average height. It should also be noted that each baby has a rhythm, and it is possible that some increase regularly centimeter by centimeter and others show jumps of several centimeters at a time. The size of the head, verified by measuring the head circumference, is the parameter for assessing the growth of the baby that varies least. It allows to know the growth and differentiation of the nervous system, as well as indirectly the development of the brain. At birth, the cranial perimeter is on average about 34 to 36 cm, growing about 7 to 8 cm in the first 6 months. As a general rule, at the end of the first year of life, the baby’s head circumference is 46 cm, although it varies between 42 and 49 cm.
In the period of 12 months, the baby goes from being a clumsy being, who does not control his own body, to a child able to move around alone.It is from 3 months onwards that the baby starts to be physically proportioned and to control the muscles of the body, showing greater coordination and ability to manipulate. In a short time, he will learn to control his head and torso, so that he can stay straight and later start to sit, crawl, stand up and finally give his feet. first steps.
Development always proceeds from the head towards the feet, in accordance with the maturation of the spinal cord, since the brain regions that control the head and neck develop before those that control the arms and legs. In turn, each stage of development occurs in a certain order, after having passed the previous stage. Once again, it should be noted that not all babies develop at the same rate. So if a child starts walking at 11 months and another child kicks at 15, this does not imply that the child is having a problem.
Anyway, if the development of the baby’s motor skills is about 30 slower than the average, attention should be paid. For example, if the walking average is between 12 and 15 months, and if a baby reaches 17 months and still does not show interest in taking the first steps, it is best to consult the doctor, although the cases are rare where a pathology is observed.
When he is born, the baby is still unable to control his head. It is at 6 months that he will be able to control it, when the head and neck are strong enough for the baby to be able to control his movements. Thus, if lying on his back, the baby will be able to lift his head and look at his toes.
Generally, this ability is only developed around 8 or 9 months, although some children are able to sit alone around 6 or even less. Indeed, the age at which children are able to sit – as well as crawling, standing or even walking – is always more variable than the age expected to start controlling the movements of the head and arms. Anyway, if the child is late, the parents can encourage him (never before 5 months). For example, they can sit her on the bed, supported by cushions, so that she can become familiar with the position. To be able to crawl, the baby will already have to coordinate the movements of the hands with the knees, be able to straighten the body, control the head and neck and have enough strength in the arms to manage to lift the head and trunk off the ground. It is possible that, at first, even if he shows willingness to crawl, he still does not have that strength and then he will find alternatives to move around, such as crawling sideways, or tail, etc. Usually, children start to crawl at around 8 months. If the baby does not crawl at this age, there is no need to worry, as there are children who start the stage later – it may be up to 10 or 12 months – and there are others who do not even pass by, sitting down until the moment they get up and start walking. Standing around 7 months. However, there are perfectly normal babies in all aspects of their development who can only do so after they are one year old. They are usually heavier and quieter children. The baby’s first attempts to stand up, then, occur at around 7 or 8 months, with the help of an adult. At 9 months, if we let him go, he can do it without support, although he is staggering and insecure, falling very quickly. It will be at 10 months that he will be able to stay upright, clinging. When you reach 11 months of age, you will be able to stand alone and bend over to pick up anything from the floor. At 12 months, in principle you will be prepared to take your first steps. In general, the child begins to take the first steps between 12 and 15 months. However, it can start before – from 9 – and then, until 18. It will depend on many factors, among which the child’s more or less adventurous spirit, weight, falls in learning, etc. In any case, they all go through the same stages or phases before walking in a balanced and confident way:
Stage 1: The child still does not balance well, but is able to get around the furniture. It rests on the hands, which makes it run along the supports it finds.
Stage 2: You start to get away from the furniture. It is already capable of supporting the weight of the body on the feet. Stage 3: It will demonstrate more liveliness and independence and can assess the distance between the various supports it uses to move around.
Stage 4: You are able to cross wider spaces, holding on to one support with one hand and balancing yourself enough to go to the next support, which you hold on with both hands.
Stage 5: Start to balance yourself upright, camba-lear, and take a few steps until you find support.
Stage 6: You are able to take steps with more confidence without the need to have support close to you that you immediately grab onto. You can take a few awkward steps before you fall or sit down and you can already set an objective and walk to it.
MOTOR COORDINATION
The first manifestation of the baby’s ability to manipulate comes almost immediately after birth, when the child begins to put his hand to his mouth. The mouth is the organ par excellence for the baby, as it is through it that it receives most of the tactile information. Thus, he begins to explore his own body by bringing his hands and feet to his mouth. Gradually, he began to become interested in the face, then in the trunk and legs, later discovering the genitals. Initially, the baby does not know how to use his hands, keeping them closed in the shape of a fist and opening them only when you cry, when someone touches you or when you are scared. When he completes 8 weeks, he opens them more often and starts to grab objects involuntarily. At 2 months, he already holds his hands open, plays and looks at them with interest. To be able to see them, however, you will still need to place them close to your face. Around 3 or 4 months, you will tend to put your hands to your mouth and explore them.
Gradually, the baby establishes the relationship between seeing and doing, acquiring the ability to move both hands to be able to grab objects. Between the period of 4 and 6 months of age you will be able to do it, involving your fingers. You no longer need to measure the distance and, as you can focus, you can follow something that is in motion. In turn, it increases the fascination with the feet, which will lead to the mouth often. At the time of 5 or 6 months of age he already controls the gestures and from 6 months onwards, he grabs everything by squeezing objects between his palm and fingers, managing to give an object from one hand to the other, although dropping them frequently.
At around 7 or 8 months, he can see if an object is big or small and opens his hand accordingly, taking pleasure in distinguishing shapes and textures. At 9 months old, he already shakes his hand to say “goodbye”, knows how to manipulate, squeeze, hit, crush, etc., and will explore everything with his hands, including food. It will also tend to put objects in the mouth.
By the age of 10 months, you will be able to pick up objects, picking them up between your forefingers and thumbs. When he is one year old, he can pass an object from one hand to the other and grab two objects at the same time, one in each hand. At this point, he loves to throw things to the ground.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
The fact that the baby seems inactive shortly after birth does not mean that he is not learning. At the same time that he grows physically and in terms of coordination, he is to develop on an emotional and intellectual level. The main stimulators of the baby’s learning turn out to be the parents, who more than teaching concrete rules and restricted objectives, should try to make the new reality attractive, providing original experiences, providing explanations, without ever forgetting to praise and encourage him, as it will be with your support that the baby will gain self-confidence. As educators, parents should enhance their child’s strengths and qualities and minimize defects and weaknesses, so that they develop their potential to the fullest.
It should be noted that the role is a guide, someone who will present the baby with various hypotheses and news, but who will ultimately let him decide what he finds most interesting. The aim is to help when he needs it. The baby should not be forced to learn what some pre-conceived consider that he must learn. It is necessary to respond to the baby’s needs and not the other way around.
In this sense, it is important to be aware that the pace of learning is not continuous, taking place by leaps and falls. Thus, the baby will have moments when it will demonstrate new ideas and capabilities, but until it can consolidate them and move on to the next step, it may seem that it slows down or even forgets previous acquisitions. All of this is normal, and the role of parents is to make things more interesting when advances are made. He will be ready to learn and absorb information at a very fast pace.
The baby should be stimulated for communication right away, so parents should talk to him, exchange treats and provide visual contact by looking at him a lot and letting him watch their faces. Babies realize early that in order to survive they have to communicate and, before speaking, in through other demonstrations. First, they communicate through crying, then they learn to talk through a smile and later to express themselves with head movements, as when they say “no”, or when they point at an object. To help the baby in this learning, it is essential to communicate with him. When he wants an object, for example, it is necessary to return it, saying the name of the object and explaining to him that we are understanding what he is asking for. However, from 7 or 8 months, the baby learns to imitate and also that repetition can be very useful to memorize. Indeed, babies are already born with some rudimentary memory, although memory as a capacity to store information will only be developed in the following months and up to 2 years, strengthening with language.
Speech represents an important learning phase, as from this point on, the baby will no longer need to cry or gesture to be understood. However, even before they speak or know the meaning of words, babies already perceive some elements of language, such as changes in sound, rhythms and intonations of speech. Since birth, for example, children respond better to speech stimulus than to any other noise.
Evolution
The baby starts to make sounds right away when it looks for affection, food and comfort or when feels pleasure or satisfaction. At around 6 weeks, its intensity increases, but only at 3 or 4 months will you be able to emit low, modulated sounds, similar to isolated syllables, with an open tonic. The first consonants he uses are “p”, “b” and “m”. From 7 to 9 months he is able to spell two syllable words, repeating the initial syllable: “ma-mã”, “da-da”, etc. Then, you will start to use expressions like “ai” or “wm” and later you will be able to shout to get attention.
When the baby is 9 months of age, he has a more elaborate speech, adding syllables and pronouncing them more clearly. Between 10 and 11 months, he begins to say the first more definite words, certainly of things, people or animals that are most important to him.
At the age of one, the child begins to relate words to meanings and to name things. Even those who do not speak can make gestures to show that they know what the nose, eyes, etc. are. By the age of 18 months, the child’s language skills develop a lot.
Children do not reach these stages at exactly the same time, and may vary by one year or more. Anyway, if at 2 or 2 and a half years the child still does not speak, it is better tomeet a doctor, as he may have a hearing or even a speech problem, which can be solved if treated in time. Playing plays a very important role in the child’s healthy development, both in terms of learning and in terms of defining social behaviors. In this context, the role of parents is essential. It is not enough to spend hours with the child, it is necessary to talk to him, smile, touch him and, in this case, play with him. It is in a climate of affection and permanent stimulation that the baby gains self-confidence and develops his intellectual and motor skills. It is necessary to provide children with the discovery of colors and shapes, textures and images, noises and sounds. Through play, and toys in particular, he is discovering and perfecting his new skills. They do not need to be expensive toys, but rather appropriate for the child’s age and stage of development. For the little ones, it is necessary to find toys that stimulate the senses, for the older ones those that help with physical and intellectual development. Certain games that parents can play with their child help their development. In the first few months, for example, tickling your feet will be a lot of fun and will allow you to tone your leg and foot muscles. The same can be said of playing hide and seek, as it stimulates the child’s visual ability and the concept of things remaining.
From 6 months onwards, games that help strengthen muscles, correct postures and assist in the search for balance are particularly useful. An example: lay the baby on his back and ride the bicycle with his legs or flex his arms. From the age of 9 months, you can bet on exercises to strengthen the leg muscles and thus contribute to the adventure of the first steps. The classic “little horse”, in which the child sits on his lap, in this case, is perfectly adequate, as the child develops not only the sense of balance, but also the muscles, by having to hold on tightly so as not to fall. Push toys at this point will also be very useful.
Massages are also a good game, at the same time that they provide the strengthening of bonds between parents and children and contribute to the baby’s health. However, for any child, water is a reason for play, whether on the beach or even in the bathtub. So it will always be positive to let your baby have fun in the water. In addition, it is also an excellent physical exercise, which increases resistance and stimulates your immune defenses. AND
REGULAR EXERCISES FOR NEW MOTHERS
The second largest question that you ask yourself as a new mother: “Will I be able to get back into shape after birth?” (The first, of course, is: “Will I have a good mother?”), True, yes, you can return to form before pregnancy, and if you want, you can get yourself in even better shape than you were before pregnancy.
One of the biggest myths that you should pass by is the classic: “The doctor said that I have to wait six weeks before I perform any exercises.” Under certain circumstances, this is a good rule. For example, your pregnancy may occur later in life or you have had complications during pregnancy and / or your child’s actual birth.
But if you had a mild, normal pregnancy, then there should be no reason why you cannot start work twenty-four hours after birth. In order not to mislead you, let him determine the development, as it concerns you at this stage of the game.You are probably not ready to resort to a full-fledged physical education program one day after birth. But you can and should start doing gentle isometries (contracting, keep it for a few seconds, and then let it go) and Kegles. Of course, you should consult your doctor before starting so that she knows what you are doing. She may also have some valuable input.
Before stepping out of the hospital, ask your doctor about the condition of the rectum. These are two m & # 39; muscles running parallel to each other from the pubic region to the diaphragm. During some pregnancies, connective tissue between two g. & # 39; muscle is torn and comes off.
If your abdominal m & # 39; Since the muscles do not separate, which must be confirmed by your doctor, you can add a trial and true pelvic tilt to your new exercise program. This is one of the easiest exercises for the “core muscle”. Modified abdominal Chrus should also be safely added at this time. This can easily be achieved by starting with the inclination of the pelvis, and then raising the head and the top of the shoulder blades, lightening slightly forward, as you see. Then return to neutral when you breathe. It’s usually safe to add some modified exercises. Of course, you want to start this with your doctor before you try them.
Lying on the back, on any comfortable place, keep one leg bent with your feet on the floor, and the other leg flat on the ground. Bring the knee of the leg, which is equal to you, bending it, and then continue to lift the same leg from the ground and to the ceiling. Then return it back by tracking the movement in the opposite direction.
Your second leg exercises are known as the “square”. Starting from the same position as the first leg workout, raise your straight leg to the ground about one foot or so. Then slowly with your thumb, draw a square in the air. First keep the square small.
After six weeks after delivery, you can begin to push your physical education program to a higher level, including cardiovascular work, such as light jogging, as well as some training forces with a combination of exercises for the body and dumbbells. Also, be sure to include stretching exercises for optimal flexibility.
The essence of this article is to help you understand that most doctors are conservative when it comes to answering Mom’s new questions about exercise. It’s easy for a doctor to “play safe,” and advise you to wait six weeks before the fitness program begins. However, if you show your doctor the exact exercises you want to do, she will likely understand that you have completed your homework and should give you a green light about the start of your new mom’s physical exercise program. And about the first question that you asked yourself: “Will I have a good mother?” Exercise after birth will automatically make you a better mass of two important reasons:
1) You will set an expensive example for your child, who is likely to disappear on him and will have a strong influence on how he chooses to live his life.
2) You will be stronger, healthier and more energetic. These are three valuable elements for any new mother.
Avoid using your child as an excuse for not exercising. Let your child help encourage you to take better care of yourself by following a simple and progressive exercise program. after pregnancy.
The uterus after birth is still greatly enlarged: it weighs about a kilogram and reaches the navel. It will gradually decrease (this process is called “involution”) until it reaches the size of a small apple and weighs no more than 100 g. This will happen in about 4 to 5 weeks. You may feel pulling pains in the lower abdomen, especially when breastfeeding: the oxytocin produced during breastfeeding helps the uterus contract.
Intimate muscles stretch after natural birth, but come in tone after about 2 to 3 weeks. To help this process, you can do Kegel exercises. Stomach. Absolutely all women after childbirth continue to look pregnant for several more weeks. Gradually, the abdominal muscles will tone up, and to help them, you can, after consulting with your doctor, wear a postpartum bandage.
Bloody discharge (lochia) lasts about 5 weeks after natural birth and up to 9 weeks after cesarean section. They are not like normal menstruation and at the very beginning can be plentiful, bright scarlet, with particles of plasma and mucus. Do not worry if, after 2 weeks, the discharge suddenly ends: it happens, they usually resume within 3 to 5 days. Carefully monitor hygiene and use special sterile pads.
Your chest probably increased in size during pregnancy, and now it can grow a little more. You should buy a special bra for nursing without a rigid frame to avoid stagnation of milk. Weight. Immediately after birth, you will lose 5 to 10 kg – this is the weight of the baby, placenta and amniotic fluid. The remaining extra pounds will go away gradually, about a year.
Give yourself a few months to return to your previous form, and do not be discouraged by the extra pounds – because these are trifles in comparison with the huge miracle that happened in your life. In order to speed up recovery, you can do simple exercises:
- Torsion of a hoop – start with 10 minutes a day and gradually increase the time
- Exercises on the fitball – rotation of the pelvis, the “bridge” on the ball and the “eight” hips
- Brisk walking and running
- Simple yoga asanas and Pilates stretching.
You can start light gymnastics 6 weeks after natural birth and 8 after cesarean section. A prerequisite is consultation with a gynecologist. It is allowed to visit the pool no earlier than after 3 months, and you can return to full training after about six months, when the body is sufficiently restored.
Follow the health of a young mother immediately after childbirth. An ultrasound scan will be done at the hospital to make sure the uterus is contracting normally, and they will also take blood and urine tests. When to go to the gynecologist after discharge? The answer depends mai on the method of delivery and your well-being. Moms who have given birth to a baby in a natural way can visit a antenatal clinic after the end of the discharge, if up to this point they are not worried. But after a cesarean section, you should see the doctor for a couple of weeks to make sure that the uterus contracts normally and the suture heals well. When choosing a contraceptive, consult a doctor and decide what suits you best. Here are some factors to consider:
- Presence/absence of lactation
- The menstrual cycle has recovered or not
- Frequency of application to the chest
- The regularity of sexual activity
- Planning a new pregnancy
- Previous experience using contraceptives
- The presence/absence of allergies and diseases of the pelvic organs;
- Financial position
- The ability to regularly visit a gynecologist.
Examinations after discharge from the hospital: examination in the gynecological chair; smear on the flora; Ultrasound consultation of the therapist.
At the first consultation after childbirth, the gynecologist will answer all your questions about the postpartum period and lactation, tell you how soon you can go in for sports and have a sex life, and help you choose a contraceptive.
If you have a fever, cramps in the lower abdomen, and the discharge has an unpleasant smell, be sure to consult a doctor!
SHOULD YOU WORK AFTER HAVING YOUR CHILD?
As a new mother, your decision to stay at home or get back to work immediately after having your child is a big decision which most parent find it very difficult to answer. In this chapter I will be giving you tips on pros and cons of leaving or getting back to work after having your child. Choosing to be a mother who dedicates herself exclusively to her children requires a big and difficult decision, especially when she has a promising career. In addition, it takes a lot of willingness to be with children 24 hours a day, seven days a week. So, why do many women choose this path? Does it have more advantages or disadvantages?
- Do you have a more organized family routine
Being at home helps you plan and organize activities and prepare a daily routine for children and yourself. You can feed them at the right time, organize your study and homework time, and take care of other basic needs.
- You are more connected to children
Your priority is the welfare of your children. You can closely monitor their progress, take care of them when they feel unwell and ensure they are safe at home and out of it. Your children are also assured that you are always present in their lives.
- It may be that sometimes you have an identity crisis
It may seem that the only job you are doing in your life is taking care of your child and nothing else. But not everyone understands how exhausting it can be. In addition, your contribution to the family may not be as recognized as that of your husband, who will be in the office, for example. Some people may even think that you are relaxing just because you are not engaged in a formal job.
- You interact a lot with other mothers.
You end up increasing your social circle and building a “network” of mothers. This helps to share their experiences and find solutions to each other’s problems.
- But sometimes you feel isolated
Some stages of motherhood can be very demanding of you. You feel isolated because you can hardly go out, talk to people and know what’s going on with your friends.
- You will be free from work-related stress
You have no goals to beat, you don’t need to ask for leave to go to the doctor or to solve any other situation related to children. Also, you will not have to give explanations whenever you need to work at home, because of a child who is not in good health. In addition, you will no longer need to leave your children with someone else when there is no class at your child’s school.
- You are financially dependent on your husband
Leaving work to take full care of your children makes you financially dependent on your spouse to pay all your expenses. So, now, you will have to manage your spending because you will be relying on a single source of income.
- You hardly have time for yourself anymore
Contrary to what most people think, a mother who has chosen to stay at home hardly has time to spend on herself. Your day starts and ends with children and household chores, and you end up stuck with the role of motherhood and have no personal space. That is why it is important to create moments of your own, for walks and other activities.
- You can enjoy precious moments with your little ones
You have a chance to have some unique experiences with your children and you are not at risk of being far away when they speak the first words or take the first steps, for example. You can spend hours enjoying your new skills and taking care while you are sleeping, in addition to having the warmth of your kisses and hugs 24 hours a day.
- You are physically exhausted and have no “vacation”
Taking care of a child is tiring even when you have people to help you. When your day comes down to taking care of children and housework, it can leave you exhausted. Physical and mental fatigue is frequent and all you want to do is sleep. Plus, you don’t have time off or vacation. It is a “24/7 job”. You won’t always be able to wake up later or watch a movie whenever you want.
- But in your child’s embrace, tiredness is always compensated
It sounds crazy, but while taking care of children is a very tiring task, receiving their affection takes away all the stress. Just as medicine can take the pain away, spending time with children can be relaxing after a tiring day.
HOW TO MANAGE PARENTAL STRESS
Once parents accept the diagnosis and learn to manage their own stress, raising a child with autism can be an exceptionally rewarding experience. Most parents will say that their children stole their hearts the very second they were born. It is the nature of love and fatherhood. We are biologically programmed to care for our children from the moment they first breathe to the very last moment, and a diagnosis of autism rarely changes that. Still, being informed that your child has autism can be a very difficult fact to accept, but by using a variety of coping strategies, you can learn to navigate the sometimes turbulent waters of autism for smoother navigation.
correct. It is, however, extremely important for parents to realize that their autistic children can also provide them with many unique joys.
Life with an autistic child is not just stress and difficulties. Celebrating all achievements, exercising patience, loving unconditionally and putting in a consistent effort can make a big difference for you and your child now and in the future. So, in order to better deal with the newly found circumstances, check out the strategies described below.
Don’t neglect your needs, make time for personal growth
One of the ways that parents can effectively care for their autistic children is to take care of themselves consistently,therefore, to take care of your needs, you must first take care of yourself. Some experts emphasize the importance of personal time to prevent burnout. Parents who have children with autism have an even greater need to reward themselves.
The term Burnout is used when the primary reason for burnout is correlated with the professional activity / environment or not. The term comes from the English language: burn out. It is a physical, emotional and mental state of extreme exhaustion, the result of excessive accumulation in work situations that are emotionally demanding and / or stressful, which demand a lot of competitiveness or responsibility
Embrace all your emotions, don’t be a slave to any of them
When you first learn about
Various surveys have found that mothers of children with autism have higher levels of psychological distress than other mothers of children with developmental delays, for example. To better deal with these problems, parents can try counseling or psychotherapy as a means of managing emotions.
Ask for help, try to help others
Everyone needs someone to talk to. You would call your best friend if you had a new job, made a life-changing trip, or just engaged in some cause – so why not do it when you learn that your child has autism? Letting someone know what you are going through helps others to understand why you may be feeling agitated, sad or lost. RESOURCES FOR WOMENAND FAMILY
Often, professionals treat the pregnancy-puerperal cycle in a non-integrated manner. It is rare for this entire period to receive assistance from the same institution and, in general, referral and counter-referral mechanisms are non-existent or inefficient. The puerperium, six to eight weeks after delivery, didactically, can be divided into three periods, being: immediate (1st to 10th day), late (11th to 45th day) and remote (from 45th day). In the puerperium, internal and external changes occur, becoming a period full of psychic transformations, where women continue to need care and protection>
Thus, the woman, during the puerperal period, needs to be attended to in its entirety, through an integral view that considers the socio-cultural and family context. Health professionals must be attentive and available to perceive and meet the real needs presented by each woman, qualifying the care provided.
Postpartum care, as an action in favor of childhood, should provide women with tools and support to take care of their own health and their children in a qualified way. The actions of health professionals, therefore, must be permeated by sensitive listening and appreciation of the singularities of women’s demands, influenced by social expectations regarding the exercise of motherhood 5.
The puerperium is a particularly opportune period for assistance to the mother, child and family, and that any weakness that affects one of these three target groups represents a threat to child health, since the role of mothers in relation to care is fundamental with children and that their development is directly influenced by the conditions of the families in which they live. We also emphasize that the negative repercussions of a maternal death for the newborn and other children, in addition to the family as a whole, are undeniable, in view of the pivotal roles that women perform in the family institution.
Health care in the puerperium is an opportune and necessary moment to provide assistance to the child from birth, encompassing health promotion actions, prevention, early diagnosis and recovery from health problems. In addition to identifying signs and symptoms that indicate risks to the health of children and their mother, it is also a time to identify challenges to which the family is exposed, highlighting the socioeconomic difficulties, which often put conditions at risk achieved by adequate assistance for pregnancy and childbirth, and which are significantly present among families. This extended professional performance, which extends beyond biological factors, is favored by the possibility of conducting home visits, an important proposal for health work for all members of the Family Health Team.
If these professionals, who are closer to their families, do not identify the socioeconomic obstacles that threaten the health and well-being of women and children, possibly others will not identify them. As the performance of the health professional does not reach the resolution of all the conditioning factors of the health-disease process, interdisciplinary and intersectoral action must enter here.
fundamental strategy for action in resolving health, considering the interlocution of health teams both with professionals from other governmental sectors and from non-governmental bodies.
CHALLENGES OF BREASTFEEDING
The Ministry of Health recommends BREAST FEEDING for six months exclusively and as a food supplement for up to 2 years or more. Even with information about breastfeeding, provided by the media, prenatal care, courses for pregnant women, posters and leaflets available in health services, it is in the puerperium that the nursing mother needs guidance, support and assistance from a qualified professional.
It is in this scenario that the main complications appear, namely: insufficient or excess milk, engorgement, cracks, among others. Furthermore, it is when the nursing mother is faced with difficulties of different origins, such as the process of adapting to the new family member, who may wake up at night and cry several times a day, often, too, remaining tasks of caring for the child. home and with the other children. As aggravating factors are the various advice he receives, such as from his mother-in-law, mother and neighbors, each giving a different idea or recommendation, generating confusion and anxiety in the breastfeeding mother.
The environment where the nursing mother is inserted strongly influences breastfeeding. Therefore, the opinion and encouragement of significant people to the mother is extremely important for the success of BREAST FEEDING. Despite the importance of the support rendered, many partners and family members do not know how they can assist mothers in breastfeeding.