Urban communities
- The pessimistic perception of urban communities started during the period of turbulent change that resulted from the rapidly growing cities. However, cities in the 20th century experienced something unusual in the sense that they were shrinking instead of expanding (Sampson, 2017). This is one of the most exciting pieces of knowledge from the excerpt. It is incredibly ironic how a city with permanent buildings and infrastructure could shrink. At least remaining stagnant is understandable, but for me, shrinking interests me.
- The concept of understanding the term community and its relationship to crime has become more ambiguous. Research conducted recently has introduced new approaches to analyzing the influence of society on crimes(Sampson, 2017). The field of criminology is shifted from a one that offers a single and particular unit of analysis to a multi contextual area that considers several units of analysis—the units of analysis in the multicontextual field range from micro to macro continuum.
- Community processes that relate to criminal activities occur at the meso-level scale(Sampson, 2017).Meso refers to a geographic region that hosts residents and institutions, and it has distinctive social features. The evidence from community hotspots is enough to support the challenge for the typical conceptualization of community influence on crimes.
- The argument here is that there could be no patterning of crimes if there were no existence of some theoretical processes operating at small scale levels(Sampson, 2017).The concept of criminal opportunity is instrumental when accounting for variations in crimes across micro-spatial units.
- The tradition of work-in –the place is a reasonable challenge to the traditional meso-level scale of community influence on crime. The Macro-Context challenge argues that community crime does not result from one meso-level scale. It is also influenced by the characteristics of neighboring areas and the more significant urban locale.
Work Cited
Sampson, Robert J. “Communities and crime revisited: Intellectual trajectory of a Chicago school education.” The origins of Ame