importance of exercising our rights without fear

 importance of exercising our rights without fear

INTRODUCTION.

Politics is at the heart of all collective social activity, formal and informal, public and

Private, in all human groups, institutions and societies’ (Leftwich, as cited in Ferdinand et al., 2018: 11).in today’s politics we can see that everyone is exercising politics, not looking the social class, it can be done by the group of people, families or even among nations. It very important in such a way that it helps us understand the importance of exercising our rights without fear of social status or even age.

We often have nations discussing wars,countries with the political difference with other nations, for example. The USA is solving the issue of a nuclear bomb; this has caused panic worldwide, where the governments were debating about it; this type of politics is always for the good of the world. Furthermore, in today’s politics, we can see students exercising it institutions through the student union, where they also criticize the government when it goes wrong, we can see union promoting variety of programs, services that when put together they will help in the development of the school, student leaders tend to criticize the school governance, which helps in the improvement of student welfare. We can see people exercising politics by forming alliances so that they protect their idea or even add an idea on what they had; they will always protect it dearly. The design always includes what affects them every day; the example is how the government is running the country, or how specific institution is running its office. They will either do a peaceful demonstration or express it through the legal procedure. And this is the type of politics exercised mostly(Crick, 2005)

Methodological approaches to studying politics.

Qualitative and qualitative methods are used to study politics here, where the mathematics and statistics used in quantitative methods. We have a behavioral approach where the behavior is observed when people are not satisfied with the achievement of conventional political science, more so in descriptive institutional, historical, and philosophical approaches. Behavioral approach help to make us understand politics by explaining things that we see in politics through theories, methods, and also proofs that are accepted. We tend to observe through the mechanical equipment or sense organs, and this is always taken as data. We watch character produced by the external stimuli, and not seeing what the person is thinking, behavioral is much concerned with the individual, especially how people interact, we see the emotions, prejudices, and attitudes of human beings. The main agenda here is helping us understand certain key things of analysis about the human character, which can help to generalize, this helped to provide the joint base that will help understand the human nature in the society. This approach has helped us understand human character such that some standard variables may be found (Bryman,2016).

Institutional approach

It concentrates on the political institution operation; they have focused on four basic types of political institutions, one ruling applying institution where the binding decision is collectively implemented, and the second one is the rulemaking institution where the biding decision is together made. The third one is enforcing, where the lawbreakers are being punished, and the last one deciding, where the disputes are being interpreted. For a very long time, this institution as being considered formal by political science. Under the new institution approach, institutional can be informal and formal, and the formal is made up of official rules that can be made from legal orders. And the intimate is made up of certain made-up norms, code of conduct that help to rectify the human behavior who are loyal to such laws and can be put into control if they go against the law. We have both micro and macro institutions where micro operates at the individual level, where the rules are made up by agents who are very few, they can always meet and discuss what they agree on. While macro operates at the state level where the government decides the law and affects those people who never agreed on it.

The rational choice approach

This is where we concentrate on human behavior. The main agenda here is the complex social phenomena, which can be elaborated in terms of balanced decision approach which can be expressed by individual actions. According to Elster(1989) “to explain social institution and social change is to show how they arise as the result of the work and interaction of individual “this is where the person actions is being triggered by what he/she wants, people always do things because they don’t know the outcome of their actions, rational choice approach always comes with the conclusion that people choices are the choices that help them solve their problems. In political science, the rational choice belief that both homo politics and homo economics are equal (Gandhi,2006). this helps to explain logical behavior rule, which economists use to give control for consumers and producers(Down,1957).it comes with the assumption that self-interest is the reason behind political traits.

Constructivist approach.

This is where the function of knowledge, culture, ideas, argument, and culture in politics (Finnemore and Sikkink, 2001). materialist approaches are entirely different from the constructivist approach, where the physical world decided the political behavior, the constructivist approach helps us to know that actors are shaped by the social environment in which they stay and the social transformation consequences. According to Adler(1997): they had the assumption that there are ideational factors that were used to shape human interaction and not the real ones. The second one is that widespread beliefs are ideational factors, which is not reducible to everyone, and the last one is that the identities of purposive actors share the ideas.

Feminist approach.

It explains the importance of gender as the central element of social life; its mostly used by female learners to solve the issue of women and gender.it has different traits (Harding,1987). the research is always based on women. Secondly, since men dominate most research, women had to come with their own. It helps them explain their problem; thirdly, what enters into the search is part of researchers’ background. The information provided here helps to understand women’s issues.

Whose interest does the state exercise power?

Despite the big difference in government system all over the world, both of them almost okay the same role, the main issue is to control the people, the power is where we exercise one person will get over others, energy can destroy relationship; it can shape social groups, government and also the professional organizations. Some nations use it to create an influence, to control other countries or even give support to other nations.

In power, the relation between the rulers and ruled, the power is being exercised between the state and citizens, doctors, employees, and many more. On the other side, power and authority are various, and resistance to being ruled ( Deleuze and Guattari,1977).

View of democracy Joseph Schumpeter’s ‘elitist’ view of freedom today?

We can see that Joseph viewed democracy as a compelling transformative tendency that causes the establishment of democratic socialism, and this is portrayed in today’s society where citizens are promoting the economy, not for the profit, but to meet the public needs, to help those people who are unfortunate also to get basic needs, we can also see that most people participate in decision making that affects the country generally.

We can also see that people today are free to express their views, where for any critical decision, the government will involve the people; for example, in the change of the constitution, the people are involved. They are allowed to give their views for any changes.

CONCLUSION

We have learned that in politics, we have a collective responsibility, we both have a chance of making the decision, more so we have formal politics where countries tend to discuss international issues, especially war issues. We also have where students exercise politics by engaging in an election and even criticizing the government and institution through the union; we also have where people can express their feeling by holding a peaceful demonstration. We also have methodological approaches to studying politics; we can study politics through human behavior, where a person behavior reciprocates what he/she wants or what’s not satisfying, we also have a feminist approach where women agendas are being addressed here, they always explain what affects them generally. We also see that the state’s power comes from people, and they exercise it through the interest of the citizens.

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