GENDER EQUALITY

GENDER EQUALITY

Bennett, S. E., & Bennett, L. L. (1992). From traditional to modern conceptions of gender equality in politics: Gradual change and lingering doubts. Western Political Quarterly, 45(1), 93-111.

This book talks about the disappearance of gender difference turnout during the 1980s, which was an essential development in American politics. The book illustrates the various research studies which all showed an improved voter turnout for women by 1987, as compared to the gender parity that existed before the ratification of the 19^th Amendment just before the 1920 elections. It also talks about the many changes in women’s involvement in society and politics during the past quarter-century.

Squires, J. (2007).The new politics of gender equality.Macmillan International Higher Education.

This book discusses the concern with parity of political participation and the resulting emergence of institutional mechanisms to promote the political equality of women, focusing on gender quotas, women’s policy agency and gender mainstreaming as three key strategies that have come to define the increasing widespread commitment to gender equality within the political sphere. It talks about the rising number of women who sit in parliament in the current regime as a positive development towards the quest for gender equality in today’s politics.

Biroli, F. (2018).Violence against women and reactions to gender equality in politics. Politics & Gender, 14(4), 681-685..

This book discusses the numerous types of violence that women undergo within society and considers them a systemic social practice. These include the physical attacks as well as harassment, humiliation, stigmatization, and intimidation. It also relates violence against women in politics as a strategy to keep positions of power, and as an expression of male privilege and power in society. The book also talks about the advances of gender equality in Latin America, where several bills have been enacted in recent years to protect the rights of women in various fields, including politics.

Verloo, M. (2005). Displacement and empowerment: Reflections on the concept and practice of the Council of Europe approach to gender mainstreaming and gender equality. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 12(3), 344-365.

This article evaluates one of the foundational texts of gender mainstreaming against theoretical concepts of displacement and empowerment. The report identifies some shortcomings in the Council of Europe process approaches such as its consensualist premise, lack of space for oppositional politics, and general technocratic understanding of gender mainstreaming, hindering empowerment. The article proposes the need for more explicit power analysis.

Inglehart, R., Norris, P., & Ronald, I. (2003). Rising tide: Gender equality and cultural change around the world. Cambridge University Press.

This book discusses how the issue of gender equality became a major global issue in the late twentieth century. It then talks of how various national and international organizations reacted to this issue. The book then discusses the major causes of the rising tide for achieving human development and improvements in the living conditions of women. It also identifies legal reforms that occurred to fulfill the quest for gender equality.