NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPINA FIDA

NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPINA FIDA

The nervous system is made up of specialized nerves and dells sophisticated collection of specialized cells. The Nervous system is structured to form the PNS and CNS  (Furness,2016). The central Nervous system comprises of the nerves ,brain and spinal cord. The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of the ganglia, sensory nerve,s, and nerves  that connects to each other and the central Nervous system (Furness,2016). Its functional component has two major divisions: automatic and somatic divisions.The automated nervous system is responsible for the regulatation of some body activities like breathing rate and pressure. The somatic system is comprised of some nerves that connecting the brain to the spinal cord spinal cord and brain.

The neurons send signals through thin fibers termed as axons that cause the release of chemicals known as neurotransmitters at the synapses junctions. The location and number of the neural connection may vary though there is an average of more than 100 trillion neural connections. In a study published in January 2018, the researchers found that out of the 160 participants, those who were highly creative had more connections in their specific regions compared to their counterparts (Furness,2016)). The study further stated that human beings have different systems located in various body parts though they are all co-activated at once. People who co-activate themselves better have more creative responses.

The synapses commands the cells ia communicatioj process that takes place in less tehn a fraction of a millisecond . The signals move along the alpha motor neuron in the spinal cord. The sensory neurons react to light ,touch and sound sound thus sending feedback to the CNS .Motor neurons in the peripheral ganglia and CNS are responsible for the transmissions of signals that activate the glands or muscles. According to Furness,2016, the Glial cells protect, nourish, and support the nerve cells.

The nervous system receives information about our surrounding environment i.e., our sensations, and then generates responses to tat information (motor responses). Other parts of the nervous system known as the association or integration areas are responsible for the integration of the sensory inputs with other sensations like learning, emotional state ad memories.

The nervous system is the primary controller system of homeostasis.It provides regulation, response, and monitoring of not only the human body but other organisms as well. It maintains homeostasis by controlling the other body parts. The nervous systems are involved in visual perceptions, which helps maintain homeostasis.The retina in the eyes has millions of ganglion cells, receptor cells, and bipolar cells that detect light and transmit the information to the brain through the optic nerve (Furness,2016). The nervous system also regulates the body temperature by allowing the blood vessels to dilate when the temperatures are high, causing some of the heat loss. Conversely, a drop in temperature makes blood vessels constrict, thus allowing the conversion of heat.

The Chaperone proteins in the nervous system display a reduced or increased expression after the damage of the CNS or PNS. For instance, chaperone mediates the survival of damaged neurons, thus promoting the regeneration of axons.

The problems of the Nervous system occur slowly, causing a gradual loss of degenerative function. They may also happen suddenly, thus leading to a life-threatening problem. There are serious diseases .conditions and injuries that can cause problems. A condition of interest in this paper is the Spina Fida. It is among the most common congenital disabilities that affect the central Nervous System. Spina Fida begins in the womb when the tissues folding to form the neural tube fail to close or do not wholly stay closed, causing an opening in the vertebrate surrounding and protecting the spinal cord (Pace,2017). This condition occurs between the third and fourth week after conception before the woman knows she’s pregnant. The Spina Bifida is of three types: Spina Bifida occulta, Meningocele, and cystic (Pace,2017).

There is no cure, but treatment focuses on allowing individuals to achieve the highest level of function and independence. Surgery is the most effective treatment for Spina Fida patients. Infants with these conditions undergo surgery not later than 48 hours after birth to cover up the defect. Specialists often prescribe antibiotics until when the structures are protected by operation (Pace,2017). Before the introduction of the medicines,most children with the condition die immediately after birth, leaving the survivors severely disabled. But with modern therapies, almost all the children survive and live productive, independent lives. However, even with the treatment, there are still cases of leg paralysis and problems with the bladder and bowel function(Pace,2017). The extent of the disease depends on the spinal cord part affected .

To sum up, the nervous system plays a significant role in the human body, and a defect in it can lead to conditions such as Spina Bifida. Spina Fida is a common congenital disability.The treatment of Spina Fida should address any possible disability that may interfere with the potential of the patient. Mothers should have adequate folic acid intake before and during the pregnancy to help prevent the condition.

References

Furness, J. B. (2016). The enteric nervous system (pp. 103-131). Blackwell Pub.

Pace, N. (2017). Survival of Infants with Spina Bifida During the First Year of Life.