Anatomy of cells

Anatomy of cells

Introduction

Vaccines are medications prepared to provide immunity against diseases. Vaccination is a process by which vaccines are introduced into the body. Vaccines can be live vaccines or dead attenuated. Generally, the vaccines are part of the small pathogens which are introduced into the body for the body to develop the antibodies against it. This antibody will protect the body when real diseases attack the body. The center of disease control states 29 doses of 9 vaccine doses be given to children. However, many people accept which others refuse these vaccinations. Those who support prevention say that vaccines are safe and protect the body from diseases like whooping cough, measles polio, and others. Opponents say that the vaccines are not reliable because they cause paralysis and even death.

The history of vaccination takes us back to the 16th century. The Chinese started treating the citizens with the use of the small Box. They did this by inoculating it into the body to prevent the infection during the epidemic. In 1801 a physician by the name Edward Jenner inoculated a cowpox vaccine into a small boy of eight years, which was successful, and it was the first scientific proof of the immunizations. A century later, French Chemists Louis Pasteur, who understood the mechanism of the vaccines inoculated the dead attenuated vaccine. In the 1940s, the development of various vaccines in animal cells was done .it includes the vaccines we are using right now like polio, immunizations, measles, and more. In the 1970s, there was the development of glycol conjugation, where the sugary bacteria get linked to the protein. It was used in the development of the Hemophilus influenzas type B. Recently; many adjuvants are developed to induce more immunity to the body.

pros

Therefore, the advantages of vaccines include the following. It saves the lives of the children. A study by the American Academy of Pediatrics states that the vaccines are 99% effective in the prevention of diseases. Also, according to the United Nations Foundation, it found out that the vaccines have been able to save the lives of 2.5 million children each year. Also, the Centers for Diseases Control approximately found that the use of the vaccines has prevented 419 million diseases contracted during childhood.

Also, the ingredients which are used on the making of the vaccines are safe. However, in large quantities, it can be harmful. Aluminum, which is one of the ingredients, is transmitted to children in breastmilk more than in the vaccines. Research done by Paul Offit found out that children tend to contract most of the elements, which include the virus bacteria etc. during everyday life normal activities than from the vaccines. To monitor the amount of these ingredients, the CDC has provided the measures and regulations to be used while making the vaccines.

Moreover, a lot of medical organizations have stated that vaccines are safe. They include the CDC, FDE (food and drug administration), American medical associations, and many other organizations, including the world health organization, which encourages the use of the vaccines stating that they are the safest compared to other medications.

Also, the adverse effects of vaccines are rare. The rare side effects seen in most of the vaccines include the anaphylactic reaction, which is estimated to one per a million vaccinations. A research done by Sanjay Gupta, who was a chief correspondent for CNN and professionally a neurosurgeon, found out and concluded that it was effortless and likely to be struck by lightning than to get anaphylactic reactions towards the measles vaccines. Moreover, Ellen Clayton, a professor of law, stated that (measles mumps and rubella) MMR vaccines do not cause autism, and the vaccine for flu does not cause the Bells palsy.

Also, the vaccines protect the children from the community disease—herd immunity, which is the percentage required to immunize in the organization. The children are vaccinated in the community to prevent diseases transmitted from one person to the other. Therefore, the outbreak is prevented. The importance of herd immunity is that for those people who cannot get vaccination due to weak resistance, they benefit from the herd immunity to prevent diseases. For example, during the outbreak of measles in the year 2019, it made more than 200 people to be guaranteed. Most of them were them were the students at Los Angeles university. Therefore, because they did not know the vaccination, they quarantine them as the herd immunity to prevent them from spreading the measles. In the USA, in 2011, The 49 united states did not meet herd immunity, and this resulted in an outbreak of whooping cough. Another scenario occurred in the year 2005, where a small girl contracted polio and transmitted it to four other unvaccinated children. But due to herd immunity, the diseases were contained.

Vaccines also save the money and time of the family and children. Prevention is better than cure, and this is achieved by vaccination. Vaccines are cheaper, and by injection, the time used in treatment thus reduces. The resources also to be used are minimal, especially the medical cost. For example, according to the CDC, It estimates that in 2012 where children with five years had flu; average time of eleven hours was used, and about three hundred dollars used for medical expenses. In a study conducted in Arkansas in 2018 found out that eight hundred and eighty diseases of measles cost the taxpayers a total of Forty-two million dollars.

Also, vaccines are known to protect future generations. This is because it protects them from future deadly diseases. It also protects the unborn children from various conditions like the viruses, which are known to cause congenital problems to the children. Therefore, safeguarding future abnormalities for the children. Before the introduction of a vaccine for rubella in 1969, most of the children died, and many of them developed defects. After vaccination of the mothers against the Rubella, The death of young babies drastically reduced, and also the complication decreased.

It prevents diseases from occurring or reappearing. The CDC states that vaccines prevent diseases. Even though the paralysis due to polio has been eradicated due to the use of the vaccinated has been countries still having these conditions. The countries include Nigeria and Pakistan in the year 2019, where they recorded a lot of the cases. This is because the disease can stay dormant in the body for a long time before being transmitted. Also, the virus can mutate from one form to the other. Therefore, vaccination helps to prevent reoccurrence.

Even though the vaccines are essential, it has some disadvantages. To start with, the decision on whether to be vaccinated should be personal, but the government determines it. Ethical the decision for the children is often given to the caregivers. A study done by Barbara Loe Fisher, who was the founder of the national vaccine center, states that there is no freedom of citizens who are forced to be vaccinated. This can affect the future because people may be reluctant to be protected and may not take any initiative.

Some vaccines contain ingredients that are considered immoral. For example, the cultivation of the vaccines in dead fetuses is immoral. Thus, it goes against some norms which are followed by specific religious organizations. It is considered to be evil. Some vaccines like the HPV are prepared by the use of the insect cells, which raises a lot of the conflict from those who are vegetarians.

Moreover, natural immunity is considered adequate than freedom due to vaccination. The hospital of Philadelphia stated that natural infection is better than the introduced disease. Innate immunity cannot affect those with low resistance. While the protection introduced may affect those with weak immunity and can even die. Mayo clinic states that natural immunity also provides full freedom to the body.

In conclusion, vaccines are essential, as seen from the above pros and cons. There are more advantages than disadvantages. The disadvantages above can also be improved and be eliminated. For example, voluntarily to be given vaccination can be allowed to the mother unless in a life-threating condition, which is contagious. Therefore, vaccines are essential for the prevention of declasses.