The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI)

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI)

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI) is a theoretical model that identifies and regulates the communication purpose of the telecommunication channel without concern to its core configuration and technology. The main objective of the open systems interconnection model is the interoperability of varied communication schemes with regular communication procedures. It explains more about the functions of a networking system. The OSI reference model has computing schemes that are divided into seven distinct abstraction layers.

The physical layer is connected to the lowest layer of the OSI model, and it transfers raw unstructured information bits electrically through the physical layer of the sending device, the physical layer of the receiving device. Common resources found in the physical layer are modems, network hubs, and network hubs. The data link layer is used to rectify mistakes that ensued in the physical layer; it also performs node-to-node information transmission where it is bundled in frames. It contains two layers of its own; this includes media access control that gives flow measure for device transfer over a network and logical link control that provides flow and error limits over physical medium and identifying line procedures. The network layer receives frames from the information link layer and distributes it to the right destinations depending on addresses inside the frame. It uses the IP address to find the target.

The transport layer controls the delivery and checks the mistakes of information packets. It is used to standardize the size and align data transfer between systems and hosts. Session layers manage the chats between computers. This layer comprises of verification and reconnections. The presentation layer is used to format and convert information for the application layer depending arrangement that it admits. The layers used to handle other tasks such as encryption and decryption demanded by the application layer. The application layer allows the end-user and application layer to interact directly with the software application. It detects communication cohorts and coordinates communication.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) is a highly reliable model designed to give end-to-end byte steam over a defective network. TCP/IP model helps to determine how a given computer should be linked to the internet and how information should be transferred through them. It creates a computer-generated network when several machines are connected. Standard features of a TCP include support for flexible architecture and reliability that ensures information that reaches the final destination is in order. TCP also allows the implementation of flow control that enables the sender to receive information.

The TCP/IP model consists of four distinct layers with specific protocols and perform different functions. The four layers work together to convey information to different segments. The application layer connects with application programs and software to implement the interacting component. Significant functions of application layer include synchronizing communication and identifying communication partners. It also enables users to log on to remote hosts and access various email services. The transport layer builds on the network layer and gives information transport from a procedure on a primary system device to a process on the end system. Transport layers control the amount of information that should go to a particular destination and a specific rate. The internet layer is used to send a packet from networks, computers and reach the end through the different paths they take. The internet layer gives purpose and the process for transferring variable length information formats with the use of networks. The network interface layer of the TCP/IP helps to explain how information should be sent using the system. This layer helps in the transmission of information between two computers connected to the same network.

Similarities Between TCP/IP Model and OSI Model

The OSI model and the TCP/IP model have some common similarities; they both divide the network communication process into different layers. The two models are both logical and describe principles for networking. They both simply troubleshooting procedure by separating composite functions into underlying mechanisms and give a framework for developing and applying networking measures and plans. The two models reference the standards and protocols that are referred to them; they use the rules that were already defined before. In addition, both OSI and TCP/IP model allow producers to make device network components that can coexist and work with the devices created by other producers and in both the models, single layers explain a certain functionality can only work.

Differences Between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model

There are several differences between the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI) and the transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP). The TCP/IP model has four distinct layers, while the OSI model has seven layers, and the OSI model is not used anymore, while the TCP/IP model is still used in computer networking. The OSI model is more detailed gives more information about the protocol and standards than the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP model uses a single layer to define how upper layers work, while the OSI model uses three separate layers to explain the same functionality. OSI model uses the network layer to explain routing protocol while the TCP/IP model uses the internet layer.