southernization
Question 1
In this context, southernization refers to multifaceted processes that began in South Asia. Spreading all over the world. The development included interrelated strands of development like production of tropical and subtropical spices, cultivation and marketing of crops, and development of new technologies. The process of southernization reached its zenith after 1200, due to the events of the 13th century. In that time, there were numerous developments in terms of the distribution of wealth, power, and prestige. In the western hemisphere, several powers went down, for example, Cahokia., Toltec, and some countries in West Africa. That made central Asia the biggest conquerors of the 13th century.
Question 2
According to Khaldun, Bedouins lead a life of wandering and movement since they have to fetch everything to survive, unlike sedentary people who are used to sitting and waiting for technology to work. Bedouins live in a state of anarchy, and they embrace lawlessness because law destroys humankind, an example with sedentary people (pg. 94). Bedouins have no political forces to protect their property because they work together to earn it, unlike in sedentary people who hire security, and providing labor makes a profit. Bedouins also experience freedom, away from rules and regulations, unlike sedentary people who live every day under strict national laws. Bedouins are also religious people, and they gain authority by using religious methods like sainthood. (pg 95).
Question 3
A group feeling concept, according to Khaldun, means a strong group feeling that is associated with solidarity and unity. Some of the features are; group feeling is not related to blood (pg. 91). it is related to interdependence, and willingness to help each other. group feeling gives the impression of the ability to protect one another, it involves a closely built sense of solidarity and unity. However, they always reach their limit, it is recognized as a superior organization with significant influence, and it mostly tends to overpower other dynasties. The force of a group feeling cannot be broken.
Question 4
I agree with the fact that people can’t stay without rules and be able to live peacefully. People will be tempted to steal and commit many criminal acts. The presence of law controls the morality levels of humans because they know there is a consequence. When human wants to increase, the security needs increase too, because they need security to protect their livelihood. Good governance is the restraining issue that keeps people from committing crimes. Good governance contributes to civilization, because there are set rules to govern people. The set rules also improve social stability; that’s why human beings need the law to control their actions.