American’s perception of Deportation 

 American’s perception of Deportation

Deportation is the process of forcing someone to leave an individual country since he or she has no legal rights to stay in the country or if the person lacks valid and legal nationality documents. Latinos, these are Latin individuals with American decency.  Deportation of Latinos has become a very alarming issue in the United States of America. Latinos have been immigrating to America looking for good healthcare measures, good education system, good business markets and also places of residence (Geschwender 231). However, the American’s perception of the issue has been very harsh and unwelcome. America argues that the children who will be born in America will acquire American citizenship by birth. They fear that these will lead to high population.

The Latinos are suffering psychologically, emotionally and physically since they are subjected to torture and a lot of suffering (Kanstrom 231). America does not consider them as any other human beings. Instead, they mistreat them in an unlawful manner. Different bodies have been established to implement the deportation process.  The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has commenced preparing for a series of raids that would target deporting hundred families who have flooded in streets and towns (Brabeck 360). Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) aims at doing a nationwide campaign on deportation. A lot of families with both adults and children have made the journey across the southwest border to Central America, an activity that has overshadowed by a related surge of unaccompanied minors. ICE argues that the operation will only target the adults and children who have already been ordered removed out of the state by an immigration judge.

Children of Latino immigrants are rapidly growing up the United States. Most of those children live in a mixed status family. The life of these children is surrounded by complex factors such as laws, institutions, and policies. Good and quality education is not offered to the children and therefore the children are left to decide their fate. President Barrack Obama has stood in bold to fight for the rights of the immigrants. The president made it clear that the policy granted legal status to the immigrants (Gilman  232). He argues that the children will be allowed to remain in the country without fear of deportation, study and also work in the country. However the stakeholders did not support this idea, they revealed that the president did not consult the Congress, where Republicans are not willing and dedicated to aiding the immigrants. The following picture shows immigrant children protesting for their rights.

This is a short history of Alabama’s anti-immigrant law where Raymond A. Mohl explains his understandings. One thing he elucidated was about how the political forces connect to modern state immigration enforcement laws. Political benefits can be gained from infirm legislation that punishes immigrants. Even though, political fortunes do change. In example, California’s politics of exclusion in the 1990s eventually transformed into a politics of inclusion with the growth of the Latino population and attendant rise of Latino political power in the Golden State. The California legislature, rising in numbers of Latino legislators, often ratifies laws which are intended to enable the integration of immigrants into society. In time, we will understand whether the California alteration will blowout across the nation as the Latino population and political influence grows.

Latina immigrant mothers have also encountered a very hard time in America. The prolonged separation between parents and the children has led to great psychological suffering among the mothers (Gray 23).  Mothers are never at peace with themselves due to the absence of their partners and children. Parents are also angry with ICE since it performs brutal worksite and home raids. Immigrant mothers have also been neglected in the labor market. This is simply because they lack the legal requirements to stay in Central America.  The following picture show a mother was has been separated from her family.

The trump wall

The trump wall is about how Donald Trump plans to put in place measures to curb immigration in America. He claims that every person should wait for his or her proper time to arrive, to come to America. Trump believes that immigrant mothers should be deported from America.

This is because when they give birth, the children fully acquire citizenship of America by birth. Trump said that he will have a deportation force to expel all immigrants who are living in America illegally. Many people did not support this idea because the project will be costly, and also it will affect the American economy. Deportation in America is all about social stratification and racism, where people are neglected in jobs, in educational activities and business endeavors. Removal activities can clearly be attributed to the works of the next novel. The examples in the following story clearly illustrate incidences of social stratification.

Work Place Disguise “No more invisible man”, by Adia Wingfield, who explores the “world” of professional black men working in a white male-dominated profession. Adia also tries to understand how the black professional men’s images, stereotypes, and representation impact them (Wingfield 4). Wingfield was focused in learning about the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities they faced being a racial minority. Her data was collected through intensive, semi-structured interviews. She accesses her study by focusing on professional black men working in male-dominated fields such as: on employed lawyers, doctors, bankers, and engineers (Wingfield 25). Wingfield also interviewed a few white professionals to explore white men encounters in the mentioned fields; she wanted to see the difference between the two male races. She conducted a few interviews in her office, and some at more comfortable settings such as a coffee shop of a bookstore (Wingfield 171).Wingfield argues that the concept of tokenism does not fit professional black men because of the interactions of race, along with work in a male controlled occupation, and gender.  What they experience is partial tokenism which intersects with race, class, and gender in a male-dominated field (Wingfield 24).

Her altercation focuses on five different areas being: relationship with others in the same numerical group, global challenges, informal roles, a performance of emotional labor, and interactions with other numerical minorities (Wingfield 26). Two theories of Wingfield’s findings will be developed during this lecture. My argument is that Wingfield explains theories of inequality by going into details of the way that class, race, and gender connects with situations the professional black men have to go through. She also expands on how socially built typecasts impact their daily work experiences. Critical Race Theory (CRT) is defined as the study of transforming relationship among racism, race, and power (Delgado & Stefancic 3). One of the primary themes of critical race theory is the Social construction. This theme suggests that race and races are the results of social belief and classification (Delgado &Stefancic 88). The way society views race is the source of why black men have many drawbacks in the workplace. Jared, who is an engineering professor, recalls how he was mistaken for his student’s brother as he went with her to the office.  When the student was called into the office for the hearing Jared, in the role of adviser walked in with her. Jared was caught by surprise when the secretary told him that he couldn’t go in with the student, minutes later to come back in the room and ask him to go in. The director wrongly believed that he was the student’s brother since he was black and he couldn’t imagine a black person in a high professional status (Wingfield 115). Jared’s shade of skin played a significant role in the secretary’s point of view.

Intersectionality is the learning of how diverse power structures interact in the lives of minorities (Crenshaw 2). Discrimination can be illustrated through class status, power, race/ethnicity, gender, culture, and sexuality. Black professional men face diverse disparities that together generate drawbacks in the workplace (Wingfield 119). Additionally, being cast as the race representative has its disadvantages of extra work, and high pressure. Furthermore, consequence impacts on possible advancement or promotion opportunity. Woody, who is a patent attorney, opens up about his frustration of the new expectations that are placed on him as a black lawyer (Wingfield 121). Woody explains to Wingfield that his company had just signed up with a Pharmaceutical company which they had been trying to do business with for a while. The company has a mentoring program for black kids in which they did not have a mentor. Woody’s company wanted to have a strong alliance with the Pharmaceutical Company; therefore, they assigned Woody as the mentor. The extra responsibility given to him did not include a pay increase. This situation is clearly a class and race discrimination which involves additional workload, which connects with elevated stress levels.

Another example of Intersectionality is professional black men being perceived as irritated, brutal, and out of control. These features of black men represent them as potentially dangerous, threatening, and unpredictable (Wingfield 139). Larry, an engineer, describes how he is always under surveillance; he has to think cautiously before he speaks, acts, and always keep up with that character. When he needs to be sterner, his tone of voice tends to get louder, but his white boss always tells him to “Calm down.” He then points out that there is a different way to address things (Wingfield 134). The difference between Larry and his boss is noticeable when the boss’ voice gets deafening and aggressive; it seems normal. Black men are seen as active in nature, and when they need to take a firm stance, it illustrates them as powerful beings.

Women without Class Girls, Race, and Identity, by author Julie Bettie focuses on study of White and Mexican-American girls from different class and racial and ethnic locations (Bettie 11). She conducted her study at the Watertown High School in California where she was faced with the reality of much pressure social class had placed on the female students. Bettie intentions were to grasp how young women understood and perceived class disparity in their peer culture and how their parents’ class location and racial/ethnic identity outlined the girls’ approach to social differences at school and the probability of their futures (Bettie 77).

Bettie contemplated girls’ exposure to class difference and identity by documenting and evaluating the “practical” categories they used and created to describe and explain class-based differences among themselves (Bettie 77). She argues that the lives of the girl-women she was studying were not so different from adult women’s lives, as they had encountered race discrimination in the job market, low wages in sex-segregated jobs, life choices shaped by avoiding abusive partners, partners who refused to accept parenting responsibilities, a search for small-cost child-care, and a struggle to combine parenthood with work and school (Bettie 7). Her findings can be examined through diverse theories including Stratification, and Functionalism. In this paper, I argue how Bettie amplifies theories if inequality

Social Stratification is a situation in which people are divided into distinct groups that are ranked at different levels. In other words it is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes within a society. Social Stratification   social inequality differences occur on a wide-scale, with regularity and along the lines of certain specific, identifiable characteristics. For example race, class or gender. This includes unequal distribution of societal resources. Stratification is categorized on      prestige, power and property. Power is the ability to impose an individual will on others. Prestige is respecting   others in the society ( Blau 32).  The property is wealth. Social Stratification is a characteristic of society not just due to individual differences and persists over generations.    Stratification is universal and variable.   Social Stratification has both inequality and beliefs.

In Sociology, there are two primary approaches. Functionalism and Conflict Theory.   Functionalism serves as the weaker counterpart to more compelling conflict explanations of why inequality exists in society and what consequences it has. Functionalism depends on the metaphor that society is a body or a living system. Just as a human organism consists of many parts   working together for the survival of the person, so too does society consist of several cooperative components (Mclanaham 150). Functional analysis proceeds not by examining the details of specific interactions but by looking at the society as a whole and determining how it maintains itself. The functionalist perspective holds society as an organic system whose various components work together to contribute to the health of the system but some of these positions within the system are more important than others for the society’s survival.

These functionally important positions must be filled by qualified persons to have a healthy society however; the number of individuals with the talent or the training to occupy these roles is limited. The individuals must be induced to spend the time, effort and financial resources that the training requires for these particular roles. Society allocates greater rewards to those positions that are more important and scarcely requires talent. Although some degree of stratification is inevitable since it contributes positively to the functioning of societies, it is an unconsciously established system through which society fills the most critical roles with the most skilled people.

Functionalists on other hand look for different functional components, conflict theorists look for competing interest groups, exploitation, and struggle(Messey 45). Class, race, and gender are the main factors that shape, “who gets what”, not the unconscious operation of a harmonious social system. Accordingly, conflict theorists’ divergent metaphor leads them to criticize Davis and Moore’s formulation on many counts. Unequal wages, conflict theorists argue, may have more to do with elites dominating their workers than with talent, training, or functional importance. And also, some people may earn more money primarily because they were born white or male or upper class.

Inequality resulted from a system of domination and subordination where those with the most resources exploited and controlled others. The powerful use their resources to reproduce their position and advantages. Elites shape societal beliefs and laws to make their unequal privilege seem legitimate and fair. In the system, there is a blocked mobility since the working class and poor are denied the same opportunities as others and the most vital jobs, those that sustain life and the quality of life, in society are least rewarded. Social Stratification from a conflict perspective prevents talents of people to be utilized. Thus more stratified a society, the less likely that community will benefit from the talents of all its citizens. Karl Marx based his conflict theory on the belief that social stratification emerged from how people relate to production. People either owned factories or worked in them ( Tuomela 231). In Marx’s time, bourgeois capitalists owned high-producing businesses, factories, and land, this is also happening today. Proletariats were casual laborers in production of goods. Upper-class capitalists got rich from profits while working-class proletariats earned poor wages and struggled to survive. With opposing interests, these groups were divided by differences of wealth and power.

Marx saw workers experience deep alienation, isolation and misery resulting from powerless status levels (Hodges 30). Marx foresaw a workers’ revolution. As the rich grew richer, Marx hypothesized that workers would develop a true class consciousness based on their common experience of exploitation by the bourgeoisie. The workers would unite and rise up in a global revolution. Once the dust settled after the revolution, the workers would then own the means of production, and the world would become communist (Brabeck 361). No one stratum would control the access to wealth. Everything would be owned equally by everyone. However, this did not occur because as societies modernized and grew larger, the working classes became more educated, acquiring specific job skills and achieving the kind of financial well-being that Marx never thought possible.

In conclusion, the functionalist theory of social inequality holds that stratification exists because it is beneficial for society. Society must concern itself with human motivation because the duties associated with the various statuses are not all equally pleasant to the human organism, important to social survival, and in need of the same abilities and talents.  The theory of social inequality holds that stratification exists because it benefits individuals and groups who have the power to dominate and exploit others. Marx contended that the capitalist drive to realize surplus value is the foundation of modern class struggle.

In The American Dream “Labor and the Locavore” Margaret Gray conducts her study in the form of thorough interview of undocumented farm workers mostly Latinos. Gray also, did participant observations involving advocacy associated conferences, food and farm meetings, active attendance at an extensive array of community events-rallies, protests, municipal conventions, and governmental sittings (Gray 7).She complemented and associated her major data with editorial accounts, government data, charitable reports, administration manuscripts, and academic study on the state’s agronomy manufacturing. Her findings focus on various inequality theories, three being Functionalism Stratification, and Intersectionality. Gray’s main goal is to present a profounder background study of the typical work experience of farm workers on these local farms and the many factors that have shaped it (Gray 43). I argue that Gray develops existing theories of inequality by presenting how gender, race, and class overlap with the knowledge of the undocumented farm workers.

Functionalism defines how social structures and social functions work together to shape society.

By utilizing the theory of Intersectionality  characteristics such as gender, race, and sexuality all factors into the experiences farm workers would live in a very low-cost accommodation   several had free electricity and heating, and others had free satellite and television service. However, farmers provided all these accommodations not to have to pay for overtime that they were expected to pay” (Gray 144). As stated by Karl Marx “working-class people, who don’t own the means to produce and sell commodities, have one commodity they can sell their labor-power, their ability to work.”

In conclusion, the functionalist theory of social inequality holds that stratification exists because it is beneficial for society. Society must concern itself with human motivation because the duties associated with the various statuses are not all equally pleasant to the human organism, important to social survival, and in need of the same abilities and talents.  The theory of social inequality holds that stratification exists because it benefits individuals and groups who have the power to dominate and exploit others. Marx contended that the capitalist drive to realize surplus value is the foundation of modern class struggle.

Work Cited

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Gray, Margaret (2014).Retrieved from: Labor and Locavore.University of California Press, Ltd.

Lapon, Gary (2011) Retrieved from: https://socialistworker.org/2011/09/28/what-do-we-mean-exploitation

Geschwender, James A. Racial stratification in America. WC Brown Company, 1978.

Massey, D. (2007). Retrieved from: Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. Russell sage    foundation: New York.

Brabeck, Kalina, and Qingwen Xu. “The impact of detention and deportation on Latino immigrant children and families: A quantitative exploration.”Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 32.3 (2010): 341-361.

Kanstroom , Dan. Deportation nation: Outsiders in American history. Harvard University Press, 2007.

Kansas, Sidney. US immigration: exclusion and deportation, and Citizenship of the United States of America. M. Bender Co., 1948.

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Gilman, Antonio, et al. “The Development of Social Stratification in Bronze Age Europe [and Comments and Reply].” Current anthropology (1981): 1-23.

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McLanahan, Sara, and Larry Bumpass. “Intergenerational consequences of family disruption.” American Journal of Sociology (1988): 130-152.

Triandis, Harry C. “The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.” Psychological review 96.3 (1989): 506.

Tuomela, Raimo. “The importance of us: A philosophical study of basic social notions.” (1995).