Assignment 2

Assignment 2

1.

The culture industry limits discourse through increasing opportunities for manipulation and control of communication while reducing the spaces for dialogical communication. As such, this reinforcement of passive consumption leads to the stifling of new and better ideas, which only emerge from debate and conflict.

2.

1. The domination by the analogue media of the discourse in digital media.
2. The increasing consolidation of media corporations.
3. The dependence of interactive digital media on analogue media for discourse and legitimization.

3.

It’s essential because media ownership is a major power in shaping contemporary life, as whoever owns the media owns democracy.

The concerns include:

1. Journalistic freedom.
2. Democratic accountability.
3. Foreign interference on political sovereignty due to foreign ownership.
4. The threat to cultural sovereignty.

4.

The problems with national identity, as per Shade and Lithgow, are that the concept consists of social inclusions and exclusions based on race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, and language.

Yes, I agree. There still exists discrimination of gay people in Canada, denoted in the hesitation of the acknowledgment and legalization of gay marriages.

5.

Cultural citizenship is the nexus between culture and broader social and political transformations, and represents the opposite tendency to that of techno poles, describing how cultural participation increases influence over social and political realities.

It’s crucial as it allows for marginalized communities to assert how their representation in public forums, and also promotes social cohesion.

6.

Consolidation of media ownership, thus forming major powerful corporations shaping society.

High stratification based on age, age, and economic power, hence limiting access to some people.

Increased individualization. This poses a threat to democracy due to the increasing polarization of views.

7.

Digital commons is a linked space made up of the communal network of public and civil institutions, with public broadcasting being the central node, characterized by its shared refusal of the commercial enclosure and its commitment to free and universal access, reciprocity, and collaborative activity.

It is important as it ensures the equal availability of resources even to the hardest pressed.

8.

It means that public broadcasting comprises both private commercial and public service broadcasting systems.

9.

1. The tension between private capital and the state regarding the economic basis of broadcasting. It involves discussions on the economic viability of media operations.
2. The tension between the state and the public regarding the role of public broadcasting as a promoter and preserver of national identity and cohesion. Critics question the conceptualization of the Canadian national identity. This regards the stipulated mission of public broadcasting as a promoter and preserver of national identity and cohesion.
3. The tension between dominant and alternative visions of the state regarding the relationship between broadcasting and national politics in Canada, with expressed concerns over the misuse of broadcasting to advance adverse political ideologies.

10.

1. Mobilizing a constituency. This challenge requires the effective linking of media reform and media policy issues to other social movements locally, nationally and globally, and the engagement of a broader public through numerous means.
2. Building organizational structure. This involves the unveiling of a sustainable source of funding for nonprofits, building capacity, and maintaining and motivating personnel staff.
3. Reinforcing a media justice agenda. This is essential in order to ensure political inclusivity, especially of minorities.
4. Reflecting critically on research and policy impacts. The challenge involves the evaluation of the successes and failures of the media reform movement in order to institute social change.