Autism spectrum disorder and autism

Autism spectrum disorder and autism

Autism spectrum disorder and autism both are group of complex disorders of brain development. They are characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. According to DSM-5 diagnostic manual, all autism disorders were put under an umbrella diagnosis of ASD. Before this program, such disorders were recognized by researchers by different subtypes, consisting autistic disorder, , pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) ,and Asperger syndrome. This disorder is also related to   intellectual disability; patients have difficulty in motor coordination and attention and also have physical health issues like as sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances. Some persons with ASD excel in visual skills math, and art.

Autism appears to have its roots in very early brain development. However, the most obvious signs of autism and symptoms of autism tend to emerge between 2 and three years of age. Autism Speaks   funds research about effective methods used for early diagnosis, as early intervention with proven behavioral therapies can improve outcomes. Increasing autism awareness is a key aspect of this work and one in which our families and volunteers play an invaluable role.  During Social interactions and relationships the following are Symptoms of Autism

Having   nonverbal communication skills like as eye-to-eye gazing, facial expressions. Lacking of interest in sharing   interests or achievements with other people. People having this disorder lack   empathy. People with autism face difficulty in understanding other person’s feelings, for instance sorrow.

In Verbal and nonverbal communication Autism include the following Symptoms

As many some of people with autism never speak. Others have delays in learning to talk.

Problems taking steps to start a conversation. Also, people having autism have difficulties in continuing an ongoing conversation .Those with   autism repeat over and over a phrase they have heard previously.

Limited interests in activities or play.

Most Young children with autism focus on parts of toys but not   playing with the entire toy. This shows that the children may have no interest in the main function of the toy.

Andrew Wakefield was a British gastroenterologist and medical researcher. As a physician, he was well known for MMR vaccine controversy. In 1998 in he carried out research claiming there was a link between mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) vaccine  .Wakefield   claimed that the MMR vaccine   leads to autism this is believed to minimize  the   vaccination rates in the U.S, UK and Ireland and a corresponding rise in measles and mumps, resulting in serious illness or even deaths, and he further  continued warnings people against the vaccine .Eventually this  contributed to people having a distrust of all vaccines and   reemergence of other previously controlled diseases.  Wakefield has continued and  defended his research   conclusions, whereby he noted that  there was lack of fraud, hoax or profit motive.  Even though British Administrative Court justice in discussion close to this, claimed that Dr.Wakefields hypothesis that MMR vaccine and autism enter colitis are causally linked.  In February 2015, he   repeated his denials and refused to back down from his assertions in public.

 Work Cited

Collin, Nicolas, Xavier de Radiguès, and World Health Organization H1N1 Vaccine Task Force. “Vaccine production capacity for seasonal and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza.” Vaccine 27.38 (2009): 5184-5186.

Ekbom, A., et al. “Crohn’s disease following early measles exposure.”Lancet 344 (1994): 508-10.

Gupta, S. “Immunology and immunologic treatment of autism.” Proc Natl Autism Assn Chicago. 1996.

Miyamoto, Hiroyuki, et al. “Detection of immunoreactive antigen, with a monoclonal antibody to measles virus, in tissue from a patient with Crohn’s disease.” Journal of gastroenterology 30.1 (1995): 28-33.

Nightingale, Stuart L., Joanna M. Prasher, and Stewart Simonson. “Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to enable use of needed products in civilian and military emergencies, United States.” Emerging infectious diseases 13.7 (2007).