Bipolar Disorder and Related Disorders

Bipolar Disorder and Related Disorders

Grunze, H. (2015). Bipolar disorder. In Neurobiology of brain disorders (pp. 655-673). Academic Press.

The author of this article seeks to summarize the possible causes of bipolar disorders. Among the findings in the study includes cellular, morphological, epigenetic, and behavioral factors. Besides, the article depicts some of the risk genes according to the studies conducted by genome-wide association. The argument is that some hereditary genes contribute to the development of the disorder across generations. The environmental factors play a significant role in the event of diseases by making an individual vulnerable to the condition. The epigenetic factors, o the other hand, impacts notable changes to the intracellular signal transduction as well as neurotransmissions. The implication of short tern neurotransmission is the development of mania and depression, which are depicted in individual behavior. The effects of long term changes in neurotransmission are manifested in neuroimaging as well as postmortem brains. The sequence of neural dysfunction leads to the disease process.

The article is a relevant source, especially because it discusses the root causes of bipolar disorder and their development. Besides, knowing the underlying causes of any disorder help in the management and treatment as well as classifying them in the relevant groups.

Harrison, P. J., Geddes, J. R., & Tunbridge, E. M. (2018). The emerging neurobiology of bipolar disorder. Trends in neurosciences, 41(1), 18-30.

Bipolar disorder is genetically transmitted across generations. Researchers have identified some common risk genes that are associated with the development of diseases. Neuroscientists are applying complex mathematical analysis and digital technologies to determine and quantify the disorder. The developed and computerized research methods are reflecting and promoting the reconceptualization of bipolar disorder. The condition is, therefore, quantifies as neutral circuitry and chronic mood instability. Besides, the analysis of stem cells is considered a crucial part of the understanding of the development and pharmacotherapy of the condition. Moreover, the scientists have established effective experimental models essential in testing of mood-stabilizing treatments. However, the root cause of the disease is yet to be identified, and there are no satisfying treatment procedures. The article, therefore, reviews the recent progress in quantifying bipolar disorders and establishing effective intervention measures.

The source is relevant to the topic under research. It seeks to apply modern technologies to identify the root causes of bipolar disorders focusing on the neural aspect. Once the root cause is identified, it is possible to come up with an effective treatment and management strategies whose results are satisfying.

Lima, I. M., Peckham, A. D., & Johnson, S. L. (2018). Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion. Clinical psychology review, 59, 126-136.

The author suggests that researchers have documented some cognitive deficits in association with bipolar disorder. The deficits are depicted by the first degree relatives of the individuals who have developed the disorder. The manifestation of these cognitive defects varies considerably among individuals, but the functional outcomes are almost similar. These outcomes include difficulties in emotional regulations as well as impulsivity. Further research suggests that there exists a relationship between emotional disturbances depicted in bipolar disorders and cognitive deficits.

The discussion on the cognitive defects helps in the understanding of the topic under research. The idea of emotional disturbances being connected with cognitive defects allow the researcher provider the link between anxiety and bipolar disorders. Therefore, this article is relevant as it helps in understanding the different variables that determine the outcomes with bipolar disorder.

McElroy, S. L., Crow, S., Blom, T. J., Biernacka, J. M., Winham, S. J., Geske, J., … & Mori, N. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders, 191, 216-221.

The article discusses the relationship between bipolar and eating disorders. According to the DSM-5, eating disorders are shared among patients with bipolar disorder, either in the depression or mania episodes. Eating disorders are classified into three groups, including binge eating, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Besides, eating disorders are linked to the female gender, young age, as well as individuals with higher BMI, either overweight or obese. Therefore, evaluation for an eating disorder is essential to women with a higher BMI and bipolar. Besides, people with this disorder portray mood instability, suicidal thoughts, as well as anxiety. The level of severity depends on predisposing factors and management interventions.

The relevance of this source is the ability to depict the relationship between eating disorders and bipolar. Besides, the information will help in the designing of interventions through screening for eating disorders in patients with bipolar. The primary objective of the article is to determine the prevalence of eating disorders among patients with bipolar.

Scott, J., Murray, G., Henry, C., Morken, G., Scott, E., Angst, J., … & Hickie, I. B. (2017). Activation in bipolar disorders: a systematic review. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(2), 189-196.

DSM-5 identifies the concept of an increase in exercise and the eventual mood change as significant symptoms of mania and hypomania. Researchers suggest that activation entails having and objective and psychological change as well as relating them with some levels of subjective energy. The primary aim of this article is to review the nature of activation in bipolar disorder. Besides, the author seeks to determine whether there is any statistical evidence distinguishing mood from the disorder.

The article is relevant to this task as it seeks to explain some of the ways that can be used to curb the development of the disorder through objective and energy activation. There is evidence that activation in bipolar has been recommended and found effective over the past centuries.

Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Bond, D. J., Frey, B. N., … & Alda, M. (2018). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorders, 20(2), 97-170.

The discussion in this article focuses on the management of bipolar and related disorders. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatment provides the guidelines for the management and treatment of these disorders. Furthermore, they have conducted researches on the best interventions to manage and treat, focusing on both the pharmacological and psychological interventions. The treatment of bipolar and anxiety disorders are grouped into three classes for the easy recommendation on how to implement the interventions. Some factors are considered when administering the treatment and management procedures. These include issues such as efficacy, safety, and clinical experience to ensure that individuals receive quality services, and there are reduced cases of adverse reactions. There are some new recommended guidelines for the treatment and management of bipolar one disorder, acute depression, and acute mania. The main aim of providing guidance is to help the clinicians make evidence-based decisions and provide health care services.

The relevance of this article is that it offers guidelines for the treatment and management of bipolar and related disorders. Besides, the staging and identifying where people fit help in the implementation of treatment and management strategies.

Reference

Grunze, H. (2015). Bipolar disorder. In Neurobiology of brain disorders (pp. 655-673). Academic Press.

Harrison, P. J., Geddes, J. R., & Tunbridge, E. M. (2018). The emerging neurobiology of bipolar disorder. Trends in neurosciences, 41(1), 18-30.

Lima, I. M., Peckham, A. D., & Johnson, S. L. (2018). Cognitive deficits in bipolar disorders: Implications for emotion. Clinical psychology review, 59, 126-136.

McElroy, S. L., Crow, S., Blom, T. J., Biernacka, J. M., Winham, S. J., Geske, J., … & Mori, N. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders, 191, 216-221.

Scott, J., Murray, G., Henry, C., Morken, G., Scott, E., Angst, J., … & Hickie, I. B. (2017). Activation in bipolar disorders: a systematic review. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(2), 189-196.

Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Bond, D. J., Frey, B. N., … & Alda, M. (2018). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorders, 20(2), 97-170.