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Chicago style 'format
When it comes to academic writing and research, proper citation is crucial. The Chicago style format is one of the most widely used citation styles, particularly in humanities. The Chicago Manual of Style entails formatting, referencing, and citing rules applied to works written in American English and published in social sciences or historical journals.
The manual was created by the University of Chicago Press. This format is one of the most widely used manuals. It entails instructions for formatting, referencing, and citing works. Our expert team at Studygroom will share a detailed guide on how to format a Chicago-style paper.
Unlike other formats, the Chicago manual suggests that authors use two different systems for citing sources; the notes-bibliography system and the author-date system.
The notes-bibliography method
It involves placing numbered footnotes within the text. These footnotes contain shortened versions of the citations, and the full citations are collected on a separate Bibliography page at the end of the document. This approach to documenting sources is widely favored in the humanities.
The author-date system
The Author-Date System is commonly used in the sciences and social sciences. It requires writers to include parenthetical citations within the text immediately after a quotation or borrowed information. These citations in parentheses should include the last name of the source’s author, the year of publication, and the page number where the information can be found. A corresponding entry for each citation should be included on a References page at the end of the paper. This approach differs from the Notes-Bibliography method, which is more commonly used in the humanities.
The Chicago format and Turabian style manual are closely associated with each other. Turabian is a referencing and citing system based on the Chicago style. Kate Turabian developed it from the University of Chicago. This format is commonly used for writing papers in social sciences, particularly in subjects like Economics.
How are Chicago and Turabian styles different?
Kate Turabian modified the Chicago style specifically for students and researchers. As a result, the Turabian style is more straightforward and concise, with fewer specifications. Unlike the Chicago style, which is geared towards professional publication, the Turabian style is designed to assist students in writing papers and essays. Nonetheless, many of the guidelines for the Chicago format can be applied to the Turabian style. The Chicago and Turabian styles imply that the author should divide his document into a title page, main body, and bibliography.
- The preferred font size is 12pt. The font type should be straightforward to read, preferably Courier or Times New Roman.
- Should be double-spaced everywhere except within block quotes, notes, table titles, figure captions, and reference entries or bibliography
- No spaces between paragraphs
- Margins not less than 1’
- Page numbers are placed at the top right corner of each page except the title page. The first page of the main body should therefore be numbered 1
- Footnotes should be assigned on quoted or paraphrased passages if you use the notes-bibliography method.
Chicago-style cover page
The cover page is the main introduction to your work, and its vital aspect is spacing. The general guidelines on how to structure a Chicago cover page are:
- The author’s name, class information, and date should follow the document’s title. All should be placed on separate lines below the title.
- The paper’s title should be centered and placed one-third below the top of the page.
- Double-spacing should be applied.
- To include a subtitle, end the title line with a colon and type the subtitle on the following line.
All documents in the Chicago style should have a title page, although this rule may not always apply in the Turabian style.
Chicago-style in-text citation
Main body
This is the most significant part of the paper, and the main ideas are shared. For the main body of the text:
- Titles of sources placed within the paper, bibliography, and notes should follow headline-style capitalization.
- Titles placed within the paper, notes, and bibliography can be taken in quotation marks or italicized based on the type of work they refer to.
- When quoting something, ensure you create blocks when necessary.
- Be sure to create block quotes when quoting something when necessary. Blocking a quote when it is longer than five lines is recommended.
Chicago style heading
- Follow a headline-capitalization style
- Place all subheadings on a new line
- Authors may use different font sizes to distinguish subheadings
- Keep up consistency and parallel structure in all headings and subheadings
- It is recommended not to end subheadings with periods
- All levels should be clear and consistent
Chicago in-text citation
The citation you will follow when formatting each Chicago style will depend on the system you are following. For the author-date system citations:
- Punctuation marks are not allowed between the author’s last name and the publication date.
- The author’s last name, publication date, and page number should all be put in parentheses
- Use a comma to separate the date of publication and the page number.
- Abbreviations are not allowed
- You should use a shortened title of the source in your in-text citation when there is no author
If you use a notes-bibliography method, you must use footnotes when paraphrasing. The in-text citation is put in parentheses only if it follows direct quotes.
Block quotes Chicago
Also called extracts, block quotations are used for more extended quotes. Five or more lines for prose and two or more lines for poetry. They have to be formatted differently.
- Indent block quotes with the word processor’s indentation tool
- Always begin block quotes on a new line
Numbers and acronyms
Using words rather than numerals for numbers below 100 in a Chicago-style format is better. You would, however, prefer numerals if referring to a specific measurement. Explain acronyms the first time you refer to them and specify what they stand for. You should then use the acronym alone from that point onward. Acronyms nor numerals should not be written at the beginning of a sentence. You will have to rewrite the sentence for the numeral or acronym to appear elsewhere or write out the full phrase or number.
Chicago style bibliography: footnotes and endnotes
For the notes-bibliography format, Turabian and Chicago writing styles imply using footnotes or endnotes whenever you quote an external source or include paraphrased information. You must include parentheses in the text to cite your sources using the author-date style.
Chicago style footnotes
Notes placed at the bottom of each page are footnotes. Each footnote is numbered and should correspond to the number placed after a paraphrased piece of information, passage, or quote. Chicago footnotes can:
- Give additional explanations or notes on some terms, phrases, etc.
- Provide shortened citations to quotes and paraphrased materials.
- Mention copyright permissions, etc.
- Give links to outside sources.
- Provide background information when necessary.
Standard Chicago footnote format
- The footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the page.
- The footnote should be included on the same page where the information you are citing is given.
- Each note should be numbered after a quote or piece you are citing.
- Include the full name of the author, title of the source, and publication details when making the first note for a particular source.
- When you cite that source again, it only needs the author’s surname, title in the shortened form, and page numbers.
Chicago style endnotes
The purpose and function of Chicago endnotes are comparable to footnotes. The primary distinction lies in their placement: footnotes appear at the bottom of a page, while endnotes are compiled at the conclusion of a chapter, document, or article. Endnotes are denoted within the main body of the text using a small superscript number. Following that, the author can offer additional clarification next to the corresponding number in the endnote section of the paper.
Chicago style bibliography
Irrespective of whether you adhere to the Author-Date or Notes-Bibliography system for citing sources, your paper must include a dedicated page that compiles all your references. In the Author-Date style, this page should be labeled as “References.” Conversely, if you follow the Notes-Bibliography method, it should be titled as “Bibliography.” Typically, this page is positioned at the end of the document and should include complete bibliographic details for all external sources utilized in your work, including those cited in the text and in footnotes.
Rules to follow when forming a Chicago-style reference page
- Each entry should begin on a new line
- This page should have separate entries for each source you have used or any other relevant source
- Entries should be alphabetically listed.
- There should be a centered title at the top of the page – bibliography for notes-bibliography style or references for author-date style
Chicago style citations
Each citation in the Chicago style comprises four essential components: the author’s details, the source’s title, the specific pages where the information was sourced, and the publication particulars such as the publisher’s name, journal title, and year of publication.
General rules for forming citations according to the Chicago style
- Names of the author: the last and first name of each author
- Titles: titles of longer works like books, journals in italics. Quotation marks for titles of shorter works like chapters, articles, and poems.
- Punctuation: all major elements are separated by periods in Chicago-style paper
- Publication information: the publisher is listed first, and then the name of the journal
Basic Format for Footnotes/Endnotes and Bibliography entries
Book
Footnote/Endnote: Author’s first name, Last name, Title of book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), Page number(s).
Bibliography: Last name, First name. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Journal article
Footnote/Endnote: Author’s First Name Last Name, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Year of Publication): Page(s).
Bibliography: Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume Number, Issue Number (Year of Publication): Page(s).
Website
Footnote/Endnote: Author’s First Name Last Name, “Title of Web Page,” Title of Website or Site, Publication Date/Accessed Date, URL.
- Capitalization: In titles and headings, capitalize the first and last words, as well as all major words. Do not capitalize prepositions, articles, or conjunctions unless they are the first or last words in the title or heading.
- Punctuation: Use footnotes/endnotes to provide supplementary information or commentary, while the bibliography should only include sources that have been cited in the text. Use commas and periods in footnotes/endnotes, but not in the superscript numbers.
- Multiple Authors: When citing a source with multiple authors, write the names in the order they appear on the title page. For the first author’s name, list the surname first, followed by a comma and the first name. For additional authors, list the first name first, followed by the surname.
- Electronic Sources: When citing electronic sources, such as websites or online articles, include the URL and the date the source was accessed. If there is no publication date available, use “n.d.” to indicate that it is not available.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Chicago style format is an essential tool for academic writers and researchers to properly cite their sources and give credit to the original authors. Its emphasis on footnotes or endnotes and a comprehensive bibliography ensures clarity, consistency, and integrity in acknowledging the information used in a research project. By following the guidelines provided in this blog, you can master the basics of the Chicago style format and confidently cite your sources in an accurate and professional manner. Remember, accurate citation is not only a requirement for academic integrity, but it also allows readers to locate and verify the sources for themselves. So, whether you’re writing a research paper, a thesis, or any other scholarly work in the humanities, mastering the Chicago style format will greatly enhance the credibility and professionalism of your writing.
In conclusion, the Chicago style format is an essential tool for academic writers and researchers to properly cite their sources and give credit to the original authors. Its emphasis on footnotes or endnotes and a comprehensive bibliography ensures clarity, consistency, and integrity in acknowledging the information used in a research project. By following the guidelines provided in this blog, you can master the basics of the Chicago style format and confidently cite your sources in an accurate and professional manner. Remember, accurate citation is not only a requirement for academic integrity, but it also allows readers to locate and verify the sources for themselves. So, whether you’re writing a research paper, a thesis, or any other scholarly work in the humanities, mastering the Chicago style format will greatly enhance the credibility and professionalism of your writing.
Need help to write a brilliant Chicago-style essay?
Hopefully, this guide will be useful for anyone who needs to write a paper following the formatting guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style. In this blog, we have condensed all the important rules, recommendations, and tips necessary to correctly format your papers. If you are still unsure about how to navigate writing in Chicago style and are searching for an essay to purchase, our service at Studygroom is available to provide any type of assistance you may need.