How do antidepressants influence synaptic transmission? The research to question that guides this review is: How do antidepressants influence synaptic transmission? The question comes from the book Biopsychology 10th Ed. Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission: How Neurons Send and Receive Signals. The subtopic on How Drugs Influence Synaptic Transmission and the Learning Outcome 4.17: provide a general overview of how drugs influence synaptic transmission. Introduction The basis of neuropharmacological research is the concept that centrally acting drugs affect behavior by influencing neurotransmitter function at particular points of controlling synaptic transmission. The synapse is a specialized cellular interface that offers a chemical and physical link which facilitates communication between cells of the central nervous system (CNS) (Knapp, Breese, Mueller& Breese, 2001). Certain endogenous chemicals, including neurotransmitters, ions, and hormones, determine the transmission of information from one cell to the next and allow modification and shaping of neural signals based on the need of the organism. Synaptic junctions are the site where complex electrochemical interactions occur; interactions that influence the neural messages within the brain circuits that lead to cognition,…

Assignment: Create a small expert system on a topic of your choice. For the purposes of this assignment, an ‘expert system’ is an information system, or application, that dynamically simulates the advice that would be given by a human expert when asked about a ‘problem’ related to their field of expertise. For example, an expert HR consultant might be asked by a business executive how much severance needs to be paid to an employee being dismissed. The HR consultant would ask the ‘client’ a series of questions such as … is there a union contract? Is the company governed by provincial or federal employment standards? How long has the employee worked for the company? How much money does the employee make? What is their job title or level? Why are they being let go? … and so on. At the end of the series of questions, the human expert would answer the executive’s original question. He or she, for example, might say … “Well, given the circumstances you’ve indicated, I would recommend a severance payment of six months salary.” A…

Concussions In Sports: Is Enough Being Done To Protect The Athletes? “Maybe I’m stupid or whatever, but to me if I got a concussion, if I could see straight and I could carry a football then I’m not telling anybody.” Ricky Williams, long time Miami Dolphins running back said this when talking about concussions.  In the world of sports today, too many athletes at risk of further injuries and part of that is due to the overwhelming amount of concussions that are occurring.  Part of the problem with the way sports like Football are being presented to the public revolves around the absence of a proactive behavior, and an unresolved plan of action to enhance the safety of its athletes by organizations such as the NFL, and its commissioner, Roger Goodell.  While fans are enjoying the entertainment of sports, they fail to understand the other point of view, which is that of the players.  For example, when fans see a big hit and cheer, but when a player gets hit or tackled the wrong way, he feels the results of…

TOP FIVE TV BRANDS Television is an audio-visual communication medium. It has a broad reach and stronger influence upon people and culture. It is most acceptable that each household watches tv, and it has become the most effective medium to reach a broad more audience. It’s tough hard to imagine a word without it. It is the most significant medium of providing information, education, and entertainment. Advancement in technology and an increase in competition among viewers are making television more efficient. Below are discussed types of TV brands     SAMSUNG When it comes to choosing the best brand, Samsung is one of the luxury brands since they have their The content within the screen are simulated images and are for demonstration purposes when already pre-installed on the machine. Samsung tops the market. Due to its unique features from customer support, Compatible Operating System (OS) or app required, support, design, power build quality, user-friendly and display. Samsung innovations and quality has made it can be the number one brand in the market considering its reliability and durability. Samsung UA32N5000AKXKE 32”,…

Review of Literature ABSTRACT Depression in older patients has been the leading cause of age-related morbidities, increased mortality, and low quality of life. Experiment and research have proven that involvement of the clients in outdoor activities helps a lot in mitigation of age-related stress and depressive disorders. Researchers hypothesize that higher participation in outdoor activities translates to a decrease in depression levels among the aged. Experimental research has had various stages of progress in the reduction of age-related depression. Among the factors that have made research programs so common are, widespread knowledge of evidence bases researches that physical health has a significant impact on individual health. Consequently, there is growing evidence of successes of the nature of their health. The main focus of the study is to employ other methods to alleviate the suffering of the elderly due to age-related depression. The review looks at different research works that have been done by various researchers to validate outdoor activities as a treatment modality for age-related stress and depression. The script explains how outdoor activities impact the treatment of depression..  …

how music videos indicate the politics, economy, language and religion of cultures TASK: WRITE section #1 of your RP. It should be AT LEAST three (3) FULL double-spaced, typed pages in Times New Roman font with the pages numbered. Section #1 of your RP is usually where you want to begin to: Write what YOU KNOW! You DON′T NEED to do research for RP S #1. Lay our your argument clearly and write about it. Example: Many people do not understand how music videos indicate the politics, economy, language and religion of cultures. Clearly state your argument and WHY this argument is important to make in terms of social justice and equity and audience Explain the ″History of…″ your topic as it relates to your argument (not just random facts and figures) Lay out the SYSTEMS you may be addressing in your RP Do not fall into the trap of writing a Comparison/Contrast, or an Informative paper. Your job is to argue through EXAMINATION/EXPLORATION and EXPOSURE. Comparing or contrasting systems, countries, sports, circumstances, etc. leads to a different kind of…

Low Body Fats in Athletes Introduction Sports performance depends on the skills- and health-related factors of fitness such as reaction time, body composition coordination, speed, balance, power and agility. And all components rely on body composition to some extent. To maintain fundamental operation, each human requires a particular amount of body fat, and more often, athletes are a group of individuals that need to watch their body fat regularly (Shephard, 2017). This is because they are negatively impacted significantly with a higher body fat percentage, and therefore, each athlete needs to approach weight loss and gain with a lot of attention. Failure to adhere to this can result in severe consequences such as muscle loss as well as effect training negatively. Advantages of low body fat To some extent, almost every fitness aspect relies on body composition and the requirements of most games demand that athletes maintain standard levels of body composition. One of the merits of low body fat in athletes is that it helps increase the development of power and strength because they are related to the size…

Role of sports in nation building Sports sector plays a major role in development of every country. Some of the sports activities include; football, volleyball and basketball among other activities. Among the major roles that sports sector has in nation building are; it promotes social interaction. Secondly, sports pulls together people with different cultures, ethnicity and races (Ericsson 2014 P.32). However, these differences are not meant for people to boost about themselves or look down upon others but is helpful as people can learn on how their friends live. Sports sector creates fame and prestige to a country. Sport champions are recognized all over the world and this is very crucial to any nation (Ozturk, 2016 P.116) All these advantages of sports are viable only if there is support from the government and also willingness by the citizens to support sports. The government that prioritizes sports activities shines better than a nation with zero contribution to sports activities (Kogiso et al 2015 P.44). In order to realize the role of sports activities in a nation building, nations should be in…

Life after sports What happens when sport life ends is a dilemma for many athletes. Athletics consumes the time of most athletes. Training excessively takes away the youth of many athletes, and the end of their career comes with a lot of change into their lives. Sacrifices are the lifestyle of an athlete. An example is my own experience as an athlete. I have had to make several sacrifices for my sports career. From the beginning of active life, I have had to sacrifice things like finance, I have called time on my studies, went away from my family and many other sacrifices just so that I prosper in my career as an athlete. Athletics becomes an essential part of someone, and the end of the sports can mean a significant loss for an athlete. Most athletes do not want to think about anything like a retirement. It is the scariest thought an athlete can have. Many athletes fall into depression, and the quality of their lives reduce due to retirement from sports. Physical, emotional, and mental health is essential…