The Ottoman Empire Question One The Ottoman Empire demonstrates a drive to urbanization through a range of administrative reforms. The reforms targeted transforming municipalities into cities by leveraging on the export culture. The initiatives demonstrate alternative modernity because they were a compromise between the imperialist tendencies of the elite and the administrators who wished to maintain local structures. The challenge was how to achieve a leadership structure in the modern era that meets the requirements of religion. Creating a current municipality in Tripoli was thus a result of negotiation to obtain a balance between the old system and new systems. The change reveals the realization among Islamic scholars that faith and reason are complementary rather than in conflict. Question 2 British domination if India demonstrates a high degree of capitalism. British farmers, in search of fortune, discovered indigo production in India. The farmers oppressed local inhabitants leading to the collapse of their domestic industries. Indigo farming, in the meantime, thrived and created a source of tribute to the British government and a lucrative business for local farmers. Colonialism was a…