The African American Language   The African American Language Huh!! So you acting like I’m the fr#@%cng nigger “no pun intended the “N” word” The African American language. When most of us hear these accents as it rings in our heads, a specific cultural group coms up your head, right? Yeah, you guessed it right… this is not an accent or call it a way of speaking that you wake up and get in one morning. It is a way of life, and it is something that has to be impacted in you that, as you grow older in this life, you have to be in charge. As Thurmon Garner observes in “The Oral rhetoric practice in the African American culture” it is possible to accept the fact that, “African-Americans have modeled their language behavior in an oral mode” This, therefore, a clear indication that, based on the side from which you sit looking at it from an artistic position, you won’t know which side of the coin you are on. But you know where most of the numbers lie.…

Imitation and Reinforcement Methods of Language Acquisition   Summary – Peter’s First Word “Peter’s First Word” is a case study that elaborates on how children acquire and learn various languages to communicate during their growth and development effectively. Language is, ideally, the primary communication channel used by human beings in addition to body movements, gestures, and other non-verbal techniques. It can be acquired and learned in various ways, the most common ones being imitation and reinforcement, innate acquisition, and social learning. This case study, however, is focused on the former technique, imitation, and reinforcement, which is used to help Peter speak up his first word. Unlike typical children who start babbling at about the age of six months and say their first word when they are around 15 months, Peter had grown to 22 months without uttering a single word. Her mother noticed the disability and became worried about his son. With an understanding that imitation and reinforcement could significantly save the situation, Peter’s mother resolves to try out the technique during thanksgiving dinner. As the 25-family-member celebration went on,…

Prediction of N-Gram Language Models Using Sentiment Analysis on Social Campaigning Programme Abstract Sentiment Analysis is the branch of the study of Natural Language Processing. The core concept of sentiment analysis is to identify and learn insights from the text or sentences considered to be reviews or opinions about a product or service. These opinions are collected from any platforms like social media, online surveys, online product selling applications, and blogs, etc. The process of sentiment analysis roughly starts by collecting the reviews or opinions, pre-processing of text or sentences, classifying the text to find the polarity whether it is found to be as positive, negative, or neutral. The main objective of this research work is to apply sentiment analysis to the e-learning review dataset. To attain the above-said objective, we predict which n-gram model best suits in feature extraction with machine learning algorithms.     Keywords; E-learning, Sentiment Analysis, Feature Selection, Social           I.     INTRODUCTION[1] Written sentiment express shows the mood of their author or her view considering a specific entity. The web is rich…

Censorship and Language Introduction Language is an essential element of communication. It exists in various forms and ways alike. Language is used in texting, calling, email and most importantly, in the verbal conversation. Censorship in the United States involves the suppression of speech or any public communications. It raises the issue of freedom of expression that is protected by the First Amendment to the constitution of the United States. Language censorship is one of the latest forms of language use, especially over social media and other forms of digital media. On the other hand, do believe that language should not be censored or banned throughout college campuses and or social media platforms. According to the first amendment, people have the right to free speech, and by restricting language, it takes away this freedom. Censorship is not, in my view, a solution to the problems that people try to solve using this procedure despite the other feeling that uncensored language does stir element of hatred and tension among different people. An amicable solution to this should be arrived at through various…

Politeness Marking and Terms in the Korean Language Introduction Throughout human existence, communication has remained an indispensable compartment of human life. The concept has allowed the exchange of information and thoughts between people via an agreed method, with language emerging as a premium channel for human communication. In communication, one of the factors responsible for facilitating smooth conversation is politeness. Politeness is adept at elating language to various dimensions of behavioral ethics and social structure. Despite differences amongst cultures, politeness possesses some universally agreed characteristics such as saving face, avoiding conflict, ensuring cooperative interaction, and showing deference. Nonetheless, polite behavior and expectations differ amongst cultures, which has prompted scholars to refine the concept of civility using values. Similar to many Asian cultures, Korean culture and language are highly collectivist and hierarchical, with politeness marking and terms highly characterized by honorifics, as a means of showing deference amongst interlocutors. Politeness in the Korean Language Honorifics In this regard, one needs to understand that Korean culture is highly communal, emotional, formal, and hierarchical, and rational. In the nation, the power possessed by…

The Impact of Sign Language on the Cognitive Development of Deaf Children: The Case of Theories of Mind The study zeroed on identifying the ability of deaf children to attribute to false beliefs; a principle referred to as the theory of mind. The research was phenomenal, with the researcher making every effort to give out credible results, an aspect that previous studies failed. In this study, the researcher concentrated on the whole results of the participants rather than using results of separated tasks. A child would only succeed to have a false belief on when such a participant answered correctly at least two sets of the three used tasks. The three tasks used in the study were “two unexpected change tasks one unexpected content task”. The author used the tasks to study the participants’ ability to attribute to false beliefs The author built the study around two hypotheses. These are, “that linguistic features of sign language could promote the development of theories of mind and that early exposure to language would allow easier access to these theories”. Since the researcher…

Language about God Introduction People are increasingly having discomfort in the description of God in the feminine gender. This is due to the patriarchy trends throughout the Bible and other Canons. The older people have a problem with accepting such arguments since from the past, patriarchy has been the norm, and therefore any criticism is unwelcome. Patriarchy is the design of society in the context of male dominance, where the family is recognized through the father or the eldest son. This tends to be the social discrimination of women since they are put under male dominance. Patriarchy makes people feel uncomfortable with female Images of power due to the traditions that are rooted in the past. Even in the Bible, God appeared to appear before men, and changing the norm is not easy. Muslims also have had long histories of patriarchy and male involvement with the Divine One. Feminists believe that patriarchy destroys the humanity of both women and men since women are overlooked. Muslim, Christian, and Jewish Feminists are against the portrayal of God as a male. They argue…

Language acquisition and development In the development of a toddler, language acquisition and development is one of the critical signs of growth and development. As the toddler grows, the acquisition and development of language are affected by various interplaying factors. One of the factors affecting the acquisition and development of language in toddlers are social factors. The ability of a toddler to acquire a given language and develop in the language will depend on the actions of people who surround the toddler. For instance, a toddler can conclude from the facial expressions of adults. An excited face from an adult enables the toddler to draw the conclusions that he words he or she heard are exciting words, and hence the memory saves the conclusion. The perceptual skill of the toddler influences the acquisition and development of language. The auditory perceptual skills in between the sixth and twelfth month will set the pace for speech development by the 23rd month. Conceptualizing allows the toddlers to relate different terms with their relevant actions. The words that refer to ideas of time, size,…

The Symbolic Nature of Language Language is a system of communication that makes use of symbols such as body language, images, sounds, and words to convey deep meaning (Wood, 2019).  Language is symbolic in the sense that it consists of arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract. Arbitrary symbolism in language involves the absence of a necessary connection between the meaning of the word and its form or how it looks (Wood, 2019). Therefore, all language is arbitrary. A good example is the word “cat.” By the fact that the word “cat” is used to refer to an animal, it does not signify or instead looks like the animal itself. The ambiguous symbol in the language is a word or a sentence that can be understood in two or more possible ways. Ambiguous words lead to vagueness and shape the foundation of unintentional humor (Wood, 2019).  A good example is “neighbors are hunting dogs.” In this sentence, it is not clear whether the neighbors are being spoken of as dogs or whether the dogs were being hunted. Principles of Verbal Communication Language has…

Trigger Warnings, Safe Spaces, and the Language of Victimhood by Campbell, and J. Manning A low tolerance marks victimhood culture for slight produced for all sorts of discomfort and difficulty even if not considered as offenses, (Campbell, 2018). The concept of trigger warning refers to the effect of post-traumatic disorder. In contrast, safe places is an officially designated area where one is free from interaction with others unlike themselves. The aim is to protect the people, especially the minorities, from harm and distress. From Infantilizing to World-Making: Safe Spaces and Trigger Warnings on Campus by Katie Byron This article examines students’ requests for safe spaces or trigger warnings in the United States. This was in discussions about trauma and healing in academia and shifts the dialogue to provide an unexpected feminist theoretical structure for understanding these requests as world-making projects that give an account of public ordeal and a sense of collective vulnerability since it is believed that sexual violence is mishandled in college campuses. Going Beyond Proclamation: Implementing free speech Principles by Althea Nagai Free speech is a necessary…