investigation of language delays in preterm babies using a Norwegian sibling cohort The article by Zambrana et al., (2020), involves an investigation of language delays in preterm babies using a Norwegian sibling cohort. The researchers recruited 26,769 siblings as participants with preterm deliveries of between 23 weeks and 42 weeks. The assessment of language delay was performed when the children reached 1.5, 3, and 5 years of age. The selected babies were grouped into different age groups based on the delivery duration, including very early preterm below 26 weeks, early preterm 28-36 weeks, late preterm 38-38 weeks, and full-term over 39 weeks. The assessment of the selected babies using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) communication subscales based on maternally reported items showed that preterm children born before 37 weeks had high risks of language delays. According to the authors, “at 3 and 5 years, only children born before week 34 had increased risk for language delay, children born between weeks 29-33 and before 29 weeks had increased risk of language delays at 1.5 years old.” As such, there is…

What languages seem to be used the most to create PC/Mac operating systems? Why? The C programming language is utilized in the creation of PC/Mac. It is a procedural programming language developed initially by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. It was purposely developed as s system programming language geared at writing an OS. It has some specific features, such as low-level access to memory, a clean style, and a simple set of keywords. The reason behind its utilization is that it balances between communicating efficiently with underlying machines and, at the same time the effective communication with the system programmers writing the kennels as well as other modules, including other peripherals making up an OS(Geeksforgeeks,2019). What languages seem to be used to create mobile operating systems? Why? Java is one of the critical languages used in the creation of a mobile OS. It is regarded as the most popular programming language and has a large and well-established developer community; thus, one can quickly get technical support and help. Another vital language used is swift; it was introduced in 2014 and declared…

How Children Learn Languages When children are born, they can hear and make all of the sounds found in all of the languages spoken by the human race. These phonemes number approximately 150 and are found in all documented languages; about 6500 of them (Yang, 2016). It is important to note that no single language uses all of the phenomes. Children at this stage listen and learn the phonemes which are used in their languages. They develop what experts call “phenome awareness” and thus build the foundation for learning the language as a whole. In the next stage, the children learn that specific sounds go together and denote a particular individual or object. That is why, for many children, the first words indicate the primary caregiver. Experts assert that the children are not learning the words per se. In essence, at this stage, they learn morphemes. These do not have to be words. Instead, they are sounds which denote something. The children attach the sound to the object and learn word boundaries to know precisely when that sound or series…

Importance of Learning a Heritage Language Option 2: what choice would you have made if allowed to learn your heritage language? Other than facilitating communication among individuals, a heritage language symbolically represents a person’s identity, culture, family background, and connection to a particular ethnic group (Choi, 2013). An individual who understands and fluently speaks a heritage language maintains a strong bond with the relatives, both abroad and domestically. A heritage language is equally a requirement for a person to understand the historical background of their communities. Ideally, every language contains exemplary methods of expressing and passing down ideas, concepts, cultural customs, and values spanning from various aspects of human life, such as religion and tradition. In most cases, only the native speakers of the heritage language could get these community ideals revealed to them. A basic understanding of a heritage language often speeds up the process of learning a second language, which promotes bilingualism. When a comparison is generated between a monolingual and a bilingual student, it is found out that the latter has enhanced cognitive abilities than the former,…

Mapping Clinical Data among various Languages Introduction Healthcare is a broad field with numerous terminologies that sometimes would be confusing if not translated into a more solid form. Clinical mapping provides a way of turning these terminologies from the different languages into a standard form that can be understood universally. Translation essentially allows the capture of information in the electronic health record. Unidirectional versus Bidirectional Map A relationship is unidirectional if only a single entity has an association property that refers to the other. In a bi-directional connection, both entities have an association field that points to each other so that navigation can be done in either direction. A unidirectional map is, therefore, a map that allows the translation of concepts in only one direction. At the same time, a bi-directional model permits conversion in either direction as it is between ICD-9-CM and CPT. The Source and Target in Clinical Mapping Clinical mapping involves the conversion and transformation of data, its structure, and content, from the source to the target system. The source, in this context, refers to the original…

The Effects of Isolation on Language and Speech Development In the video titled ‘Genie Wiley – TLC Documentary (2003)’ the speaker makes three claims related to child and language development. The first claim is that nurture often overrules nature, neglect of a child’s speech learning capability affects language development, and lastly, through social interaction, a child can still develop and learn a language The first claim is that while there is always a conflict between nature versus nurture and nurture overrides nature in child development, as evidenced in Genie’s case. Nature here, as the video defines, is that Genie was born a healthy baby with normal brain functioning but after 13 years of isolation, which can plausibly be argued as nurture, sees that she is still cognitively deficient. Studies show that multiple years of environmental abuse often result in behavior changes (Sousa et al. 2). This explains Genie’s behaviour as she is moved from one foster home to another.. Another claim that the video makes through Dr Curtis is that extreme neglect of a child’s stimuli in language development is…

why it is ultimately beneficial to have the grasp of an auxiliary language as a tool of global interaction The rise of global travel and interaction across numerous human interests has created the need to feel connected through communication for better comprehension. People are now trying to learn the languages of their hosts to better understanding and cultural exchange. Bilinguals enjoy enhanced mental abilities, career prospects and pedagogical advantages as they preserve their native languages in the process. This paper will analyze the mental, social and educational benefits of American students studying a second language as opposed to sticking to English only. This research will go out to prove why it is ultimately beneficial to have the grasp of an auxiliary language as a tool of global interaction. Critics have pointed out the lack of a clear line of difference as to the mental abilities of monolinguals and bilinguals. They argue that the cognitive ability of both sets of speakers is more or less similar. Some of them go on to claim a slight edge in thoughtful criticism of subjects…

Private and Public Language             “Private and Public Language” is an essay by Richard Rodriquez that aims at presenting the challenges faced in a bilingual system of education in America. The idea of private and public languages is common among bilingual individuals. The main challenge is always to gain fluency in the public language, which is always the second language that an individual is forced by circumstances to learn. The essay “Private and Public Language” is based on the challenges faced during the transition from private language to a public language. Richard Rodriquez presents his journey in the attempt to learn English as a second language and outlines the challenges that he went through before becoming fluent in the language. Richard Rodriquez was born in a Spanish-speaking family, and thus, Spanish was his first language. Richard was fluent in Spanish and did not expect to be required to learn a second language in his life. The American education system is presented as a difficult path for a bilingual student since English is not a natural language. Besides, Rodriguez had mastered…