Retina pigmentosa Retina pigmentosa is a retinal degenerative disease characterized by night blindness, loss of periphery vision, and potentially resulting in complete loss of vision. RP is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy affecting approximately 100,000 people in the United States and one in every 2000 individuals worldwide (Phillips, Otteson & Sherry, 2010). The condition mainly affects the rod photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (Farkas, Grant & Pierce, 2012). Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and can be caused by defects in as many as 100 genes. Affected individuals can inherit the condition as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, autosomal X-linked trait, or in rare cases, mitochondrial or digenic forms (Phillips, Otteson & Sherry, 2010). A common characteristic of all forms for RP is the loss of night and peripheral vision, followed by a progressive loss of central vision. Although a majority of mutated gene expression occurs exclusively in rods photoreceptors, typically, secondary degeneration of cone receptors follows the degeneration of rod receptors (Veleri et al., 2015). Due to limited treatment options, progressive vision loss is the prognosis…

 every animal and pet has a story Did you know that every animal and pet has a story, and we can learn more about humanity through stories of our animals? Most people do not understand that there is no difference between animals. They can help us learn more about ourselves through their stories. But how is this possible? I will help you understand this through Jody’s story from when she was a child. They had a dog called Sam. When she was born, her mum should feel the connection between the dog and Jody immediately she came home from the hospital. The dog could follow her mum around anywhere she could take Jody. Jody’s dad sometimes worked a night shift, and she could be afraid to leave little Jody in her coat or even walk to and from the bathroom. But, Sam was always on the lookout and had his bed near Jodi’s coat. The only time he could leave Jody’s room is when he was taking her mother to the bathroom. This story helps bring awareness of what kindness…

Vesalius groundbreaking discovery of human anatomy Vesalius groundbreaking discovery of human anatomy is significantly applicable in the 21st century. He performed a dissection of corpses in order to have the view of the internal organs in the body. This is what is currently known as the anatomical view of the body. The discovery changed the view of the internal structure of the human body. At first, people used the Galenic approach that only opened the internal organs of animals and thought the human structure was similar. Moreover, it used the concept from astrology. He was able to fully describe the structure of sphenoid bones, sternum, vestibules, and sacrum. Besides, he was able to explain the heart and its function in pumping the blood and the valves, which control the flow of blood in and out. The discovery has evolved over the years. William Hervey improved the discovery by describing in detail the structure of the heart. He outlined the structures of the arteries and veins in the heart. He explained differences between the thickness on the left and right ventricles that…

              Property Defense Name Institution Affiliated     Property Defense Booby Traps A booby trap is any setup or device that a person creates intending to capture, surprise, harm, and even kill an animal or a person. The booby trap usually has some form of bait that lures in the intended victim, and the victim’s action sets it off. People designed booby traps to deter trespassers upon entering a restricted area or inside a vehicle. Booby traps include concealed traps, spike pits, and even IEDs (Jung & Wollmann, 2011). I agree with the challenge that a person cannot and should not use deadly force when defending property. Deadly force can result in the loss of life of the person who trespasses or of the person that protects the property. In some cases, the use of deadly force can result in the injury and even death of an uninvolved third party because of the risks involved. Many might argue that people should use deadly force even when their lives are not in danger in the…

  L 732-Tips to Groom Your Dog At Home: All You Need to Know A healthy-clean dog is a happy companion. And not grooming your dog can result in various health complications. Long-loose hair, fleas, ticks, long nails, and matting are some of the things you’ll have to deal with if you don’t take good care of your pet. Luckily, it’s easy to groom your pet at home, only if you learn the simple tricks on how to go about it. Here are ideas to guide you: Research well Before you begin grooming your dog at home, gather adequate information on various dog grooming techniques. There are numerous professional dog grooming tips on how to go about this, and you don’t want to hurt your pet. For example, if you clip the nails too short, your pet may end up bleeding, and this can be painful. Grooming time Pet grooming can be fun if done at the right time. Avoid grooming your dog when angry or hungry. Your dog should enjoy every bit, whether it’s bathing, brushing, nail clipping, or…

Production by Chemical Synthesis The idea was developed by Randolph Major who was the first director of Merck’s R&D Company which focused on synthesizing vitamins. The company produced vitamins in large quantities and sold them at low prices. The primary goal was to meet the increased demand for vitamin supplementation in health care setups. For around 5 decades the commercial riboflavin was exclusively synthesized via chemical processes consisting of 6 to 8 chemical steps. Glucose was the used as the starting substrate. Later the process was revised to a four-step chemo enzymatic reaction sequence also starting with glucose. In the first step Glucose is converted to D-Ribose by fermentation using Bacillus tkt mutants. Afterwards D-Ribose is converted to Riboside after addition of xylidine. Riboside is then hydrogenated to produce Ribamine where crystallization is used to purify it. A reaction between Ribamine and Phenyl diazonium salt yields phenylazoribitylamine. This compound is later crystallized, dried and converted to vitamin B2 by cyclocondensation with barbituric acid. This process can yield up to 60 – 96% of purified product. However, many toxic agents are…

How Corruption Erodes Personal Integrity  Corruption erodes the state from inside out, robbing honest people opportunities they deserve. It slows down the economic growth of a nation through perpetuating poverty, political instability, and eroding personal integrity. Summarily, corruption erodes personal integrity, making people be seen as honest but bend the rules if they can rationalize it in a manner that does not undermine their public esteem. Corruption promotes political instability in countries. Nations that have normalized corruption are equally prone to wars (Suma, 2017). These wars can be inter-clan and tribal clashes caused by fraudulent elections and unequal distribution of resources by the ruling elites to the people. This causes hatred and distrust among people and, thus, political instability. Corruption discourages domestic and foreign investment in a nation. Through demand and payment of a bribe, a regressive tax is imposed on taxpayers (Suma, 2017). The impact of this is an increased cost of doing business among business owners. This ultimately leads to an increased cost of living among individuals. Corruption promotes unemployment among the population. In job recruitment, the person…

European Colonization of the Tropical Region of Africa According to the National Geography film, geography played a crucial role in the British colonization of North and South America, Australia and Africa. In Cape of Good Hope, the geography of the region was conducive and resembled the conditions back in Europe. It encouraged the settlers because of the climate and temperatures allowing them to thrive. However, this was not the case in the tropical regions of Africa. Unlike Europe and the Cape of Good Hope, the tropical regions had a completely different climate and temperature. This case contributed to the hardships that the Europeans experienced in their quest to colonize Africa. It proved a challenge as it led to the weakening, incapacitating and eventual death of most of the Europeans. The climatic conditions in the tropical regions was different from anything they had experienced before. As a result, their bodies could not adapt to the new environment. They had been used to four seasons while the region only had a rainy and dry times. The geography of the region also meant…

 Elements of Intrinsic Motivation Daniel H. Pink, the author of the book “Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us”, talks about the remarkable reality about what inspires people in their day to day lives. Pink stresses some persuasive ideas which influence human beings’ daily lives. The big ideas in Pink’s book concerning what motivates a human being to achieve great things in their lives include mastery autonomy, and purpose. These fundamental elements emphasize the importance and usefulness of three inherent elements of motivation bat workplaces. Human beings are inspired to learn new things and build new ones, and to do well in their own world when they are positive towards what they are doing. Three Elements of Intrinsic Motivation Autonomy Autonomy is the ability for people to control their lives, according to Pink. Pink claims that encouraging workers to be autonomous goes contrary to the conventional management perspective that requires workers to abide by what is asked of them. But if supervisors want workers to be more involved in what they are doing, it is best to give staff…

environmental strategies taken by McDonald’s Corporate Social Responsibility CSR defines the responsibility of an organization to it’s surrounding in regards to environment, society, and stakeholders. It is essential to evaluate how McDonald’s establishes its social responsibility concerning the environment. McDonald’s claims that its food products are produced following ethical practices and through methods that minimize the impacts on the environment. The paper evaluates the environmental strategies taken by McDonald’s. One of the ways that McDonald hopes to conserve the environment is by reducing energy consumption. To be able to achieve its energy consumption goals, the company had to buy energy-saving equipment. In 2014 the company and its franchises had bought about 132,186 energy sufficient equipment. These pieces of equipment are believed to cut the energy costs significantly, with about 142 gigawatts of energy being saved every hour. The energy-saving equipment was able to cut energy costs for the company by about 14.2 million dollars. Apart from reducing the energy costs for the company, these pieces of equipment helped in the conservation of the environment since saving energy leads to less…