Columbian Exchange Essay Step 2 Introduction Columbian Exchange started when Columbus first arrived in the Americas in 1492. As Earle (2012) notes that “Before the Columbian Exchange, there were no oranges in Florida, no bananas in Ecuador, no paprika in Hungary, no tomatoes in Italy, no coffee in Colombia, no pineapples in Hawaii, no rubber trees in Africa, no cattle in Texas, no donkeys in Mexico, no chilli peppers in Thailand and India, no cigarettes in France, and no chocolate in Switzerland.”, Columbian Exchange is an exchange of many different elements like food, animals, people, disease, plants and culture between the eastern and western hemispheres. In this essay, it will focus on one of the diseases during the Columbian Exchange called syphilis, specifically in Europe. It came from an island of the New World called Hispaniola and spread to Europe in 1490s (Nunn & Qian, 2010). There were many diseases that expanded from Europe to the Americas, for example, chicken pox, smallpox and malaria, when the Europeans arrived the Americas, the people in the Americas did not have any immunity…

 way slaves were undermined and states that they were ‘ranked together’ with animals Slavery lasted its period due to the economic status of the slaves plus landowners, oppression and lack of substantial education for the African Americans who had no option but to work on the fields for financial gain. The power associated with education is one of the major themes in Fredrick Douglas work and consider it to be the path freedom and end of slavery. The author accounts on how white children were able to spell and recall their ages, dates of birth and other details to manifest how slaves lacked education. Many slaves were mistreated especially women and children who were oppressed and exposed to inhumane conditions. Slaves were not entitled to rights and could not defend themselves, and the masters would abuse women and rape them without any dire consequences. Women slaves snatched their children since their masters owned them. Slaves were subject to punishment a condition that scared them and hindered them from standing for their fundamental rights. Most of the slaves were illiterate and…

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The Ethics of Experimentation on Human Beings and Animals             Most institutes for medical research have used animals as test subjects to gain knowledge about human illnesses or to test potential treatments for humans since time immemorial. Researchers mostly use rats and mice in such experiments as they have many similar physiological and genetic properties as humans. In instances where animal tests offer no solution to a clinical question, scientists resort to human experimentation. Although both animal and human experimentation have contributed significantly to the advancement of medicine, they have raised serious ethical dilemmas as they have the potential to abuse both the animals and humans involved and flaunt moral principles. This paper will, therefore, discuss the ethics of human and animal experimentation. Proponents of animal experimentation argue that animals and humans should not be considered as moral equals, as the benefits of experimenting on animals to humans outweigh the suffering of animals. Further, they state that since most animals do not possess cognitive abilities, they do not belong to the human moral community and therefore have inferior rights, making…

Domestic animals at home Almost every home has a domesticated animal that lives in the same house with people, but it is neither forced nor required to work. Such animals are not eaten and are referred to as pets. In almost every case, a pet is mostly kept for companion purposes or to entertain people. Some of the pets such the cats and the dogs are well placed in animal shelters in situations that there is no one looks at them. Common pets are often considered to be intelligent, with retable personalities and attractive appearances. Though the case, some may not necessarily be having these characteristics, to some extent, are taken on a selfless base and accepted the way they are. Some of the most common pets are cats and dogs, and they are almost kept in every homestead. Big pets may be grouped as bovine and equine, while the small pets may be arranged as pockets pets. A lot of people commonly get pets to protect their homes, for companionship, or as a sign of beauty in their homes.…

What Darwin Never Knew The documentary describes Darwinian ideas on the revolution by appreciating his contribution while criticizing some concepts he might have left out in his findings. In the first half of the film, it seems to be all about “what Darwin Knew” as it reflects on the ideas about the evolution of species according to his perception. The show covers the aspects of natural selection in the development of different species and how that affects the kind of traits they develop over time. The various explanations given by scientists and historians all have one thing in common, that Darwinism is true to some extent as there is no other way of explaining how human beings came to be. The natural selection process is an indication of species’ ability to survive, compete, and reproduce (Wise Wanderer, 2016). The other half of the show covers the “things that Darwin Never Knew” by including other aspects in connection to the origin and development of species. As it is clear to the show, Darwin missed the points of evolution using embryology and…

Couple indicted with animal cruelty after footage revealed them abusing their horse A Colorado couple was accused and charged with animal cruelty for abusing their horse. They were caught on the camera doing the act. The camera footage revealing the cruel act went viral on Facebook over the weekend, and the public was quick to condemn the couple as “awful,” “sickening,” and “incredibly heartless.” The footage showed the horse being forcefully pulled along an icy road while it was tied to the back of a vehicle. The horse, named Trigger, was clearly in a state of distress. It pulls hard to get free and slides across the road. According to CNN, the horse’s owners, 59-year-old John Saldate and his wife 33-year-old Amber Saldate, have been charged with animal cruelty this week after an enquiry by the Grand County Sheriff’s Office. Ms. Saldate, in an interview with CBS Denver, complained about the outcome of the incident to the reporter. She said, “You make one stupid decision, and it can ruin your life,” she told Matt Kroschel. “I’ve hurt many people. I…

Animal testing, household products, cosmetics, vaccines, medical students used to study Animal testing has resulted in many contributions to significant medical and scientific discoveries.  Some of the breakthroughs for using animal experimentation include the development of vaccines, household products, cosmetics, modern euthanasia as well as an exploration of hormones.  Also, studying using animals resulted in the event of advanced medical devices and surgical techniques. The process of animal testing takes place at government facilities, commercial facilities, and medical school laboratories. Thus laboratory animal does not only assist t scientists in understanding diseases, but they are also important when evaluating the safety of household products, vaccines, cosmetics hence used by medical students to study. S However, while acknowledging the discoveries that are as a result of animal experimentation, most individuals object the act of scientific testing in studies as they argue that the o animals have been denied freedom, thus suffering discomfort and serious injuries.  Ethically these practices are cruel as live animals are used in such a case with no other alternative available as the animal used in such procedures…

Mental time travel Mental time travel is also known as Chronesthesia is a “hypothetical brain/mind ability or capacity, acquired by humans through evolution, that allows them to be constantly aware of the past and the future” (Murray). Chronesthesia is more about mental stability and health, which is vital to our daily lives. New discussion and research on the topic of time travel have stirred up the question in the minds of individuals whether time travel is possible. However, as time travel is still under-researched, the question of whether it is possible is rather almost impossible to answer. However, within the topic of time travel, some of its aspects have been proven to be possible. An example is mental time travel, where an individual recalls his past activities and projects his future ones too to be mentally aware of his/her progress. Practicing mental time travel can have positive effects like the lowering of amnesia “associated with either no memory of personal events or a difficulty in forming new memories about private events further related to no ability to project oneself in…

  The texts ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell and ‘Lord of the Flies’ review The texts ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell and ‘Lord of the Flies‘ by William Golding both explore the results of a corrupt leadership within society. Both texts demonstrate how the concept of one having power over the rest is what corrupts the societies and ends in death and adversity of all others within the society. Power and manipulation are an integral part of the foundation of society and are essential for them to flourish, yet inevitably bring oppression and tyranny. In their respective texts, both authors embed stylistic features such as irony, symbolism and foreshadowing to present their ideas.   Orwell and Golding both examine the ramifications of a corrupt leadership within a dystopian society. Orwell depicts the ramifications of a corrupt leadership through Napoleon’s decisions of innocent executions. “You young porker porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year”, is stated by Old Major. However, this prophecy comes true, but…