Biomedical Ethics Philosophy Domain experts have come up with intriguing revelations in the recent past, pointing out that human life and many other life forms sprung just recently after a sweeping wave of extinction. The facts put forth, such as mitochondrial DNA clusters overlapping with species and DNA barcoding revealing such facts is indisputable. Though a contentious issue among biologists, DNA barcoding should be support as the only way through which we can rapidly identify millions of animal species on earth. The question, however, is why mitochondria be a measure in defining species. Another critical aspect of these recent research revelations is whether most animal species came into being just around the same time? The astonishing discovery further outlines the aspects of errors translating to the blurriness of the bar codes. The argument that these errors amount to diversity does not explain the essence of extinction and animal diversity, for that matter. The question, therefore, is why humankind has not mutated or rather the other primates, including the orangutang, have not developed fully into functional beings even though they possess…

Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes’ “Meditations on First Philosophy” is, without doubt, one of the most influential philosophical texts ever written. Since its publication in the mid-17th century, the philosophical treatise has had a profound impact on the Western school of thought from the sciences to arts. “Meditations” exemplifies the transition from the Renaissance era philosophical approach to the Enlightenment. Before Descartes’ work, there had been little progress in Western philosophical thinking since the age of the Greek philosophers. During the medieval period, people were content to accept church doctrine as the sole source of the truth and nothing else. With the book Meditations, Descartes inspired a paradigm shift. Meditations changed the concept of truth from being something in God’s hands to a more human-centred idea of truth that is based on reason. In essence, the human mind began taking increased control over philosophical ideas. Descartes introduced sceptical thinking challenging his contemporaries to question dogma through reason – this kind of thinking characterizes the age of Enlightenment. Through an original system of methodical doubt, Descartes refuted the apparent knowledge…

The end of the middle ages The end of the middle ages was triggered by the rediscovery of lost roman and Greek manuscripts by humanists such as Petrarch forcing people to reevaluate the church’s position and indulge in critical thinking about doctrine. This historical narrative is wrong for the Greek texts were not rediscovered. Significant Greek scientists and philosophers gained a way to the west mainly because they were translated from Arabic during the translation movement that was an initiative of the caliphs of Baghdad. Both Christian and Islamic philosophers faced the challenge of reconciling theology and sacred texts with philosophy. Saint Augustine banned critical thinking in Europe when he halted the debate in favor of theology. Averroes, a Muslim philosopher, came to be known in Europe as the commentator as he commented on the works of Aristotle, and it was through the translation of his comments into Latin that Aristotle was introduced in Europe, causing an intellectual earthquake. Averroes argued that the truth could be reached through belief and philosophy and that contradictions between the two meant that people…

Marketing Ethics and Misbehavior Marketing ethics refers to standards and principles that acceptable in the advertising (Saucier, 2008). Firms are guided by regulations or laws for them to conduct appropriate marketing in order to protect the consumers. The firms, while doing ethical marketing, consider the impact on consumers while they are advertising about their products. The adverts should be honest and genuinely depict product characteristics. Market ethics focuses on building a strong relationship between the consumer and the company. The marketing process is aimed at increasing the sales revenue for the company and increase the number of customers. Any misleading adverts may have the effect of adversely affecting the customers and the company may be petitioned to pay for damages caused. Marketing misbehavior will occur when the company has misleading or unethical advertising policies. The various agencies and rules guide the regulations of advertising and protect consumers. The paper covers consumers protections laws that help the organization to acts ethically and ensures the products of a firm are safe and healthy for consumer consumption. The article concludes by providing examples…

Morality and ethics Introduction The adventures of the author in Huckleberry Finn is the follow-up and its dumps the readers back in the Southern pre-war world. It is only this period that the adventurers were not liberty-threatening. Huckleberry Finn is a poor child whose father is an abusive drunk. Therefore, he runs away but encountered another runaway. There is a strong feature of ethics and morality in the novel, and it is set in contrary to the backdrop of social satisfaction. Therefore, the novel illustrates how individuals make their moral choices. Moreover, the author shows how the title character is discovering his moral voice. For instance, his deep relationship with Jim and the conflict friendship help Huckleberry to differentiate between artificial morality in unjust laws and the real moral truths of friendship as well as universal human rights. The decision-making process of Huckleberry reflects on both virtue ethics and Kantian deontological ethics. https://www.grin.com/document/381043 Man is the only slave, and therefore, he is the only creature that enslaves. That is, he has been a slave in many forms and has always…

The Ugly Truth About Immigration and its Effect on Homeland Security Since the beginning of time, societies have been at war over land procession and spiritual beliefs. For example, early era, humans had to fight for their kindred, their nation, and their right to believe in the trinity. From a biblical perspective, enemies enter new territories with the aim of stealing, killing, and destroying those that are not in their bloodline or those that do not believe in their God. The “Holy One” encouraged the people by confirming that he would grant peace in the land and remove any sword that tried to pass through his country (Leviticus 26:6, New International Version). One of the challenges facing the United States (U.S.) is illegal immigration. In contrast to the early times, individuals enter the U.S. illegally with the aim of gaining access to opportunities that they lack in their home countries. However, when these illegal immigrants are not able to access the opportunities, they resort to crime for survival. It is this phenomenon that links immigrants to deteriorated homeland security. Ultimately,…

Are Spiritual Truths Exclusive? Ravi Zacharias and Abdu Murray of Ravi Zacharias International Ministries (RZIM) give a two-hour talk at the University of Delaware on the topic “Are Spiritual Truths Exclusive?” The Livestream video from 4th November 2019 is in two sections; the individual presentations by Ravi and Abdu and a Q&A session with the students attending the talk. Both speakers give substantial arguments in support of this topic while providing answers to the audience. Abdu, who is the senior vice president of RZIM, introduces his argument by taking a look at his religious background as a Muslim to his transformation to Christianity at the age of 27. (10:18 – 10:40). As a Muslim, he held the belief that Christianity was false and that Islam was the true religion. Over time, there was a transition in his thinking as he discovered scientific, historical, and philosophical evidence that challenged his belief on what Christianity was. He says at 11:37, that as humans, “When you hold a conviction, you don’t want to let go of it, if you let go, you let…

Ways of Acquiring Nationality According to Paul Weill Introduction             According to Patrick Weill, citizenship has multiple dimensions which include legal terms which associate a person to a state or nation. The second definition is civic where citizens elect their leaders through democracy while foreign residents take part in national activities through other means. The third definition of citizenship is psychological where one has a feeling of belonging to a particular nation and gains emotional attachment, loyalty, and identification of that specific state. Membership, or rather nationality is created through an imagined community that stems from cultural and social belonging. This paper delves into discussing how the definitions of citizenship converge, coincide, and correspond. There is often no correspondence between the three dimensions. The legal aspect, however, shown by national ID’s, passports, and is the dimension that confers nationality to the majority of the citizens in most states. The legal aspect is not dependent on any degree of participation of an individual in the civil and political activities; neither does it require them to have a sense of belonging. Weill…

My Take on “The Nurse Who Thought the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses Was Wrong” Martha Levy finds herself torn between her professional code of ethics and her religious morality. On the one hand, her professional morality (as expressed in the ANA Code of Ethics) emphasizes the importance of patient autonomy. One widely accepted aspect of respecting patient autonomy is that a patient should not be forced to endure a treatment or procedure which they autonomously do not wish to undergo or continue. In this case, we do not hear Mr. Carson’s wishes directly from his mouth. However, his niece is his recognized surrogate and voice for his autonomous wishes. This form of surrogacy has become legally and ethically accepted practice in current medicine and health care. And so, ethically speaking, unless one can show reason otherwise, the decisions of Mr. Carson’s niece are accepted as his decisions as well. On the other hand, her religious morality (or at least the extent to which she and her rabbi interpret this morality) holds that life should always be preserved. This…

Accounting  Ethics In most of the working places especially companies,employee-employee threats and assaults have been the norm for a while.In most cases,employees who have been introduced in the work place recently are the ones exposed to threats by co-workers.However,there are different ways in which these employees can deal with such assaults and threats.For instance,if I were Brenda,I would employ the following things to ensure that am comfortable with the situation in the company. For instance,I would seek for advice from Bill.Since Bill is the only person who is trustworthy and close to me,I would ask him whether he had ever experienced such a problem or has had knowledge concerning the situation and the way I would cope up with it.Knowing that he has had more time working in this place,he will give me an insight on how to deal with the situation.This will enable me understand how to deal with Harold in order to ensure that my work performance in the organization is not compromised. Trying to engage Harold through face to face conversation is another method I would use…

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