criteria for decision-making under uncertainty that are based entirely on the payoff matrix approach All decisions in life, whether in business or at home, have particular characteristics that constitute a formal description of the problem and also help in formulating the appropriate solution. The characteristics include a decision-maker, events or outcomes, alternative courses of action, also known as strategies, and the consequences or payoffs. The implications of a decision can be summarized using the payoff matrix, which is an essential decision-making tool. It provides a summary of each available alternative with a quantitative consequence or payoff. Using the matrix, a decision-maker takes a positive payoff to mean profits and negative payoffs imply loss. There are four major criteria for decision-making under uncertainty that are based entirely on the payoff matrix approach, and they include the maximin, the maximax, Hurwitz alpha index, and minimax regret. Maximin Criterion The maximin criterion is also known as the Wald or pessimism. It aligns with the pessimistic view of situations. The criterion is based on the philosophy that nature is unfair. As a result, decision-makers…
Peace One Day Peace is not just a word that can be used to describe something or someone but the acts of kindness towards the people around us. My mother has always told me to forgive each other, give to others, love each other, and help those who in need. Is that not the full definition of peace? Extending the simple acts of kindness ensures that peace prevails among the people we are interacting within our daily activities. This year I will make peace with my parents in the effort of bringing peace over the whole world. Everyone should focus on creating a peaceful world by creating new friends every day and smiling to others in spite of their moods to achieve high levels of acts of kindness in the world. Philosophers and politicians have come up with different opinions and formulas for achieving a peaceful world (Bassiouni, 2017). However, none of the great opinions have yielded the expected outcome because small conflicts and bloody wars still exist in our community. Peace in the world begins with myself and…
Thales of Miletus Introduction Socrates method is used in encouraging students to learn efficiently. Socrates prepared his students to investigate and question the logical beliefs and principles to be critical thinkers. The Socrates approach applies pedagogy questions, dialogue aimed at helping the students to reflect on their understanding of the specific issue. Socrates is a real model to many philosophers’ this could be understood by examining some of the pre –Socratic philosophers. This essay will focus on Thales of Miletus. Thales was a pre-Socratic philosopher who is often considered the first philosopher and the father of western philosophy. He believed that everything came out of water and the earth floats on water, his main idea was to uncover the unifying principle of diversity, to him the earth could be rational, orderly and understanding being quite different from the Greek that saw it as unpredictable, full of chaos and unrelated forces therefore there was need of something to unify it.In Aristotle’s Archê means the source. Specifically, Aristotle talks about the arch of material, and Thales has some ideology that Aristotle teach…
Philosophy Of Religion Introduction This paper considers responses by Platinga to Mackie’s logical argument and highlights crucial assumptions of the published literature scope. The Free will arguments and transworld depravity counteracts Joh Mackie arguments on logical problem of evil The paper identifies, analyzes and provides assumptions based on the free will defense to assist complete this assignment. Plantinga’s free will defense provides a case against the logical problem of John Mackie which illustrates that the attributes of God such as omnibenevolence , omniscience, and omnipotence do not associate with the evil presence. Plantinga’s defense of free will starts with the assertion that Mackie’s ideology has not created a solid enough foundation to his argument to explicitly make the assumption of God and the presence of evil a contradiction. Plantinga’s defense proves that the attributes of God such as his omnipresence and others are not contradictory and if there is any then it must be based on theologies’ implicit assumptions that demonstrate elements which do not state in the argument. The explicit contradiction in logical problem of evil is overshadowed, and…
Personal Ethics/Public Duties Write a 750-1,000-word essay on the dilemma that occurs when your personal ethics conflict with your public duties. Imagine that work for a government agency that recently implemented a requirement to perform some duty contrary to your personal ethical standards. How might you reconcile your personal ethical standards with the professional responsibilities you are required to perform? How might Christian worldview principles help you react to such a situation? (comp. 3.1) Are these types of restraints placed on public servants fair? Explain. What principles of Organization Psychology could be implemented into Justice Organizations to better support employees’ ethical standards while still maintaining the public interest? (comp. 3.4) Be sure to cite three to five relevant scholarly sources in support of your content. Use only sources found at the GCU Library, government websites, or those provided in Topic Materials.[unique_solution] Personal Ethics/Public Duties Write a 750-1,000-word essay on the dilemma that occurs when your personal ethics conflict with your public duties. Imagine that work for a government agency that recently implemented a requirement to perform some duty contrary to…
Virtually Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Over the last view decades, technology has taken over the globe with advancement and evolution getting more rapid by each day. AR and VR have been some of the massively embraced technologies in the current world. AR is a computer technology that enables a user to have real-world perception and interaction by creating a digitally simulated virtual environment.AR systems see to integrate virtual content to behave precisely the same way the real object would in the real world. Here, the camera’s position and orientation are determined by the use of sensors and algorithms. On the other hand, VR technology creates a virtual environment and allows the user to explore it using the five human senses. The user illusion participates in the digitally simulated environment rather than observing it from an external point. How has VR or AR been applied in practice? AR AND VR technology has been of great benefit in the medical field and has been used in medical training and health care practice.AR technology has solved the problem of inadequate resources in medical…
The Renaissance Florence has been for many years recognized as the masterpiece of art and the birthplace of the Renaissance. The Renaissance marked the literary transition from middle ages to modernism although several scholars have viewed it to be an extension of the middle ages. The Medici family comes in the middle of every discussion about the renaissance because they were the ruling family of the time, being wealthy wool merchants. Renaissance is always differentiated from middle ages by the development in humanism that happened then with the recognition of man as the measure of everything that is in existence. Renaissance was however seen to have brought into life cultures and beliefs that were immoral and were in line with paganism. The acceptance of art was not regulated, and different works of art were later interpreted to be in deliberate recognition of paganism. Although the renaissance has been defined as a rebirth after the fall of Rome, which was the center of religion, paganism has been discovered to have dominated the renaissance period of the 15th century. The period…
Ultimate Moral Responsibility The debate about the existence and nature of the free will have existed in the philosophical world for many years. One side of the philosophers, the compatibilist, argue that having free will means that people have the ability to do whatever pleases them according to their beliefs and desires. The other side of the philosophers, the libertarians, argue that free will is having the ability to make choices that are different from specific choices that people end up making. The way the libertarians define free will is the only way that individuals can be ultimately responsible for their actions. Philosopher Galen Strawson combines the insights of compatibilists and libertarians into a single position, the pessimist position, where he concludes that it is not possible for individuals to have ultimate moral responsibility. Galen Strawson argues that individuals are rational agents who make choices according to their desires and beliefs. The argument by Galen Strawson agrees with the compatibilist definition of free will that their personal desires entirely guide the actions people do (Vyse, 2018). However, this kind…
Personal Reflection on Values an Ethics Guidelines and Format The objective of this assignment is for you to relate the material from the textbook readings, videos, and course discussions to your life experiences. First, develop a statement that encompasses an overall picture of your values and ethics. Are your values based on family, health, achievements, wealth, job success, happiness, faith, love, or anything else that you hold in great esteem? Think of your value statement as what defines you as a person. Describe your understanding of the origin of the values you hold important. Try to describe your ethical beliefs. If possible, offer a story to illustrate your ethical behavior. Try to explain the roots of your ethical beliefs, where they came from, how you were influenced, whether any particular events in your life greatly impacted your beliefs. Have your ethical beliefs undergone any major changes? [unique_solution]If so, describe what they were and why they changed. Second, drawing on the various ethical frameworks we have studied this term— utilitarianism, deontology, etc—explain your ethical perspective. You do not need to limit…
Modernism, Christianity, and Business Ethics Introduction Modern definitions of good standards in the workplace or business ethics remain scattered and subjective. Many scholars and business researchers have attempted to come up with a universal definition as well as standardized group, but the process has not succeeded in clearing the dissent. Fisher, Kim, and McCalman’s article is part of the ongoing endeavor to provide effective alternatives where they suggest the Christian worldview as a viable option. This essay reviews their article using a review and evaluation approach that seeks to identify their arguments and evaluate their merit. Literature Review Fisher, Kim, and McCalman’s article begins with an extensive outline of the current lack of standardized ethics and good practices that everyone can use in the professional or business environment. They point out how the current state of affairs is such that there is a distinct lack of consensus among stakeholders on the ethical standards applicable in the entire business or professional spectrum (Kim, Fisher, & McCalman, 2009). Part of the reasons both authors speculate could be the subjective nature of most…