Plato’s apology of Socrates Plato’s apology of Socrates is one of the greatest literary works that have managed to link philosophy and literature through pointing of philosophers traits. The Apology which Socrates presented, trying to prove his innocence after being accused of corrupting the minds of Athenian youths and Atheism, the application of the power of persuasion is evident. This is seen through the use of rhetorical devices pathos, logos and ethos, which have been applied throughout the text. Firstly, the application of ethos which entails appealing to the audience on ethical grounds aiming to persuade them on integrity of the moral character of the orator is evident at the beginning of the speech, whereby he appeals to the jury by denoting that he was more than seventy years of age and the first time to have appeared in court of law. At this point, he tries to outlay that he has lived for a long time and without committing a crime; in other words, he has lived a respectful life. Also, ethos is seen in the story of Oracle…
The Argument for Incompatibilism Introduction Most of the debates that philosophers have are not new, and one of such issues includes the problem of free will and determinism. This paper details the two individually plausible but jointly incompatible theses, which is free will and determinism. The paper starts with identifying the thesis of determinism, the thesis of free will and the notion of “physically possible future” and how the notion is used in giving precise formulation of determines and free will. The next is reasons science give for believing that determinism is at least possible. Then, reasons for believing that we have free will, the thesis of incompatibilism, and finally, the argument for incompatibility. The thesis of Determinism and Free Will Determinism is the thesis that there is precisely one physically possible future at any given moment. It states that past conditions and the laws of nature determine everything that happens. On the other hand, the fact that there are alternative courses of action that one can act freely on particular occasion only if that action is not the only…
Rules of Life Introduction “The energy of the mind is the essence of life”. The words of Aristotle spell out my reasons to want my children to be raised under the influence of Plato and Aristotle. Plato looks into the art of knowing what is good and being able to distinguish it from what is wrong. Aristotle, on the other hand, evaluates the reality of the world and how best people can navigate through it using logical reasoning and the mind. Ideally, raising children is something that people do not take for granted. this is because the way the child turns out is reflective of the parents and the environment in which the child was raised. Having gone through the course and reading about the most significant philosophers the world has ever seen, I came to love some of the arguments that Plato and Aristotle make regarding life. I am positive they can be impactful when raising my children in the future. In this paper, I will be highlighting the reasons why I find it best to raise my children…
Historical Shortcomings of the US Census The civil rights laws of the 1960s made census to become a necessary tool for enforcing fair voting, employment, and housing. However, the undercounting of racial minorities proved that the census was already failing to do its main objectives (Carter, 2013, p. 161). As a result, the civil rights movement formed to fight for the rights of the racial minorities through lawsuits so that they could be considered in the census process. The increase in population had not been anticipated by the census bureau, which resulted in undercounts that the bureau could not adjust. Vincent Carraba, the bureau’s director, stated that the 1980 census was difficult for the bureau as they had to chase down a large group of illegal aliens unworthy of the effort. The 1990 census data also showed that there was a 2.1% undercount among the blacks, native Americans, and Hispanics (Carter, 2013 p. 162). This led to the formation of two leading organizations, Reclassify All Children Equally (R.A.C.E) and the Association of Multiethnic Americans (A.M.E.A), which were the 1990s multiracial…
Bergson Introduction The world has condition use to perceive actions, memory, purpose and space in a given way; however, upon close examination, it appears that our conditioning is doing more harm than good. The conditioning is referred to as the “material-scientific-ego-centric” that is based on the spiritual orientations and scientific approaches that are being translated to material translations and these processes becoming more secluded in our egos. This results in the emergence of myths that hinder the understanding of the ways of knowing, conceptions of times and ways of viewing ourselves in the world. Examples of these myths include the definition of intuition as an incidence of chance insight, time being a linear force and memory being a physical computing system. I believe that Henri Bergson offers the best defence to the challenge by alluding to the fact that all concepts of duration, reality, memory and thought are a continuous passage. Discussion I begin by explaining the comprehensive meaning of the passage before embarking on the definition of the significant concepts that have been referred to in the text. Bergson…
The Capitalist Idea The 1948 pamphlet by the Germany philosophers, Karl Max and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto was one of the world’s most influential documents. The Communist Manifesto is a summary of Karl Max’s theories concerning the nature of politics and society. The manifesto features the ideas of Max and Engels concerning capitalism and how the two scholars expect capitalism to be replaced by socialism. The two authors conclude the declaration by calling on nations to overthrow the existing social conditions what served for revolutions motivated by communism around the world. The main arguments in the manifesto include the need for Europe to fight for communism. Karl Marx argues that capitalism is about the exploitation of workers and the owners are only interested in the profits from the labor employed, a fact that reflects the present society where workers work for survival without directly enjoying the fruits of their labor. Karl Marx disputes the privatization of the production sector which would, in turn, lead to the exploitation of laborers. According to Marx, every society has a specific organization…
Essay on Success Success is defined differently by different people. The academic world has a different way of defining success compared to the non-academic world. Also, success comes out in various forms, and different philosophers came out in the past to give their definitions of success. One of the most contentious issues is on whether knowledge can be associated with success because it has been said to be powerful. Generally, knowledge equips an individual with power, but the actions that follow determine whether the individual will be successful. If knowledge was directly associated with success and power as people perceive it, then academicians would be leading the world in terms of wealth. The situation is different, and the world prides in billionaires who have not been outstanding in the world of academics but have decided to put their little knowledge into use, making them successful. Therefore, success can be defined as how an individual manages to exploit their knowledge to achieve their goals in life. The definition of success takes different forms when viewed from the perspectives of Socrates,…
Socrates’ Innocence Socrates was born at a time when philosophy in Greece was highly valued. However, controversies often came out when philosophy differed from the norms of the leaders. Generally, philosophers were wise and would not be easily be fooled by the leaders into accepting oppressing policies. Socrates was an example of the philosophers who often got into conflicts with the then leadership for bringing out the failures of the leaders. The most significant conflict that Socrates found himself in as to resist believing in the gods of Athens and instead of believing in supernatural beings that he did not specify. Generally, Socrates argued that he was not an atheist, as most people thought since he believed that life was controlled by superior beings other than the Athens gods. The position of Socrates led to the accusation placed on him that he was corrupting the youth of Athens and causing them to rebel against the authorities. Socrates did not corrupt the youth of Athens but instead empowered them towards taking a firm stand on what was right. Also, Socrates…
Slave Dao and Aristotle Introduction This paper discusses main the similarities and differences in character in Aristotle and slave Daos. Both the two works show and talk more about slave trade which used to happen during the 17th and the 18th century. How slave trade took place and the effects of it to humanity. This paper shows the similarities and some of the differences in the both of the two works and will also show the roles that the slaves played. The slave Daos mainly talks of moral concepts and also the importance of social intercourse, hospitality, kindness and social intercourse (Yu et al, 2016). In the play of Daos the characters show different levels of philanthropy. The first kind of philanthropy shown in the play by the characters is excess friendliness which is presented by minor characters. The second level of philanthropy which is the said to be the best is shown by Knemon’s antagonist, Gorgias and Sostratos while Sostratos got a pleasing character, Gorgias displays the foundation of virtues. Aristotle on the other side illustrates the happy life…
Eastern Mediterannean Notes Babylon won its independence in 626 b.c.e. and joined forces with a new group, the Medes, an IndoEuropeanspeaking people from Per sia. The Assyr ians were defeated by a coalition that included not only a Mesopotamian power—Babylon—but also a people with a base of power in a part of the world that had not been the site of earlier urbanized states: Persia (modernday Iran), a stark land of towering mountains and harsh deserts with a broad central plateau in the heart of the country Among these nomads were IndoEuropeanspeaking peoples who migrated into this area about 1000 b.c.e. with their flocks and herds. They were also horse breed ers, and the horse gave them a decisive military advan tage over those who already lived in the area. One of these groups was the Medes, who settled in northern Iran and built their capital city at Ecbatana, the mod ern Hamadan. With the rise of the Medes, the balance of power in western Asia shifted east of Mesopotamia for the first time. In…