Marcus tullius the philosopher Marcus Tullius Cicero was a great orator, an academic philosopher from Rome who wrote widely on politics and philosophy. He was very stylistic in how he wrote and narrated his speeches. He lived between 3 January 106 BC and 7 December 43 BC. One of his statements on “The secrets of Persuasive Oratory” shows the use of ethos, pathos, and logos, and rhetorical modes that are used in writing. Below is an outline of the speech, how some of those modes have been used as well as examples of ethos pathos and logos. Pathos. This is the act of convincing an audience by swaying their emotions. It can include inflicting fear or arousing anger or fury or any other passion. Cicero uses pathos widely as a way of convincing people against his opponents. He used the corpse of Ceaser as a statue with all his injuries, which in turn aroused anger among the people. He once held a man’s baby, which in turn made people have sympathy. He once used older adults to convince the judge…

Solving the Right Problems Summary of the Article Problem-solving is an essential process in every organization that requires a unique technique or skill to tackle. Basically, according to the report, “Are You Solving the Right Problems” by Thomas Wedell-Wedellsborg, it has clearly illustrated that currently, individuals and organizations should not struggle in finding the right way to solve a problem since there is a well-illustrated seven effective process that should be put in to practice while reframing a question. In relation to the topic, the article has also provided a further reference from other reputable philosophers like Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Jacob Getzels, Albert Einstein and Peter Drucker. Just like in the article, these philosophes have also empirically demonstrated the importance of problem framing in creativity and the benefit an individual or organization has in case of accurately diagnosing a problem. This is because most people tend to Ove engineer the diagnostic process, thereby making it more complicated. Some of the frameworks or problems solving tools that are involved include TRIZ, six sigma, and Scrum. Some of these problem-solving skills are quite…

Are You Solving the Right Problems review Summary of the article Problem-solving is an essential process in every organization that requires a unique technique or skills to tackle. Basically, according to the report, “Are You Solving the Right Problems” by Thomas Wedell-Wedellsborg, it has clearly illustrated that currently, individuals and organizations should not struggle in finding the right way to solve a problem since there is a well-illustrated seven effective process that should be put in to practice while reframing a question. Additionally, the article has also supported the idea through a reference from various philosophers like Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Jacob Getzels, Albert Einstein and Peter Drucker whereby they empirically demonstrated the central role of problem framing in creativity and the benefit an individual or organization has in case of accurately diagnosing a problem. This is because most of the people tend to Ove engineer the diagnostic process thereby making it more complicated. Some of the frameworks or problems solving tools that are involved include TRIZ, six sigma, and Scrum. Some of these problem-solving skills are quite comprehensive though when applied,…

Female Genital Cutting, Buying and Selling Body Parts             A serious ethical issue arises on whether people should be allowed to sell their body parts. People who support legalization of selling and buying of body parts argues that the act will make transplant of body organs such as kidney more effective, and reliable. Legal transplants of the body are common in the Western countries, and the debate on whether buying and selling of body parts should be allowed exists mainly between utilitarian, deontologists, and virtue theorists. Buying and selling of body parts have both some advantages and disadvantage, the reason that has made the act become an ethical issue (Santamaría,2017). Transplanting of kidneys from the donor to the receiver helps in saving lives. However, the supply of the organs used in the transplant is limited. Therefore, organ transplants can help to save lives. On the other case, the selling of the body organs causes danger to the donors of the organs, hence making the act become an ethical dilemma. Utilitarian philosophers argue that the sale of body parts should be…

 reforms of Lycurgus Various reforms were instituted in Sparta by several leaders who had multiple views on the appropriate and effective ways of maintaining and controlling the conquered Messenians. Many of these reforms created a military state in Sparta, which brought several effects to the nation as a whole. Most of these effects were on how the Spartan people were treated and educated. These reforms made Spartans have various laws that much helped in managing the nation, such as the laws that governed the use of finance and the country’s revenues. Rules that promoted gender equality were also introduced through various reforms. Among the most prominent leaders who are renown by their substantial improvements include Lycurgus and Xenophon who however brought vitally but contradicting reforms. In line with the principles and expectations of philosophy, Plutarch explains the life history of Lycurgus that was produced in an incomparable constitution which accurately showed the spectacles of an entire city that acted like philosophers. Lycurgus is considered a renowned creator of the laws of Sparta. He is well known by his laws that…

ethical challenges facing Facebook The success of any organisation is dependent on the sets of behaviour that run and manage the organisation. Having significant policies is essential to the business. However, when there are no appropriate codes of conduct to influence behaviour, set standards and highlight unacceptable behaviour, then there is a risk of the organisation running into trouble with others. Philosophers and thinkers around the world have debated upon the role of ethics in society at different times from the likes of Socrates, Plato all through to Kant and so forth. Each of these great minds has highlighted the need for having codes of conduct to govern behaviour as well as providing arguments for the outcomes of going against these codes of conduct. Depending on what capacity the individual or organisation has in society, these ethical conducts ought to be acceptable and seen to safeguard the well being of the people. Just like how laws are made to maintain law and order, moral codes of conduct are implemented to foster peaceful coexistence with other members of the community. This…

Ethical analysis: Christian world view on the end of life decisions Abstract. End of life matters is diverse subjects that arise during the dying process. A dying process a period when a patient is suffering from a critical illness that cannot be reversed by medical treatment. The period is usually associated with a lot of pain and suffering. Different paradigms have diverse views on issues regarding suffering and end of life issues. Religion would probably have a view that is different from the postmodern and world opinion as far this topic is concerned. Philosophers also have different perspectives. The study herein evaluates the concept of suffering in the fallen world and how it is relevant to the Christian world. It is worth to note that end of life escalates around value and quality of life, which is perceived differently from different world dimensions. This study mainly focuses on establishing how Christianity view the end of life care and decisions. The main aspects of end of life issues discussed are euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Further, the article explores the biblical view…

Ontological Argument             Ontological argument is one among the most considered arguments for the existence of an all perfect God. And although there are various versions of this argument, all aims at indicating an existence of a supernatural being (1). On this general line of argument therefore, it is made clear that such a being exists; and the being is basically the God of traditional western theism. This paper gives a summary of two of the versions of ontological argument: Anselm argument and Guanilo argument. St.Anselm who was an Archbishop in Cantebury around 1033-1109 BC, is the founder of this argument, which he described in proslogium as follows Even when a fool hears of an existence of a being besides which there is nothing greater than it can be perceived, he or she is able to comprehend what he receives and whatever he or she realizes lies in his indulgent (1). Assuredly, that being which nothing can be conceived greater than it cannot exist on the basis of understanding alone. Because if truly it is in his understanding alone: it…

killing and letting die Death is an inevitable phenomenon through which every human being must pass through. The most critical question to philosophers and legal personnel have been who holds power to take it. Over the years, it is believed that no human being has control over life. I do firmly believe in the school of thought that no human being should decide on the life of another. Molarity would significantly degrade if the power to live or die were put in the hands of any human being (Kass, 1991). The intrinsic societal values have maintained dignity among all human and violating them should not be allowed. Whenever killing and letting die terms are mentioned, most people view killing to be illegal but letting die to be a natural phenomenon. James Rachel, in his article `Active and Passive Euthanasia` views Euthanasia on the moral perspective rather than a legal perspective. In his argument, passive Euthanasia is permissible, but active Euthanasia cannot be permitted. The biggest challenge is distinguishing active and Passive Euthanasia. Active Euthanasia could be termed as murder while…

The Concept of Intelligence One could say that all humans have a certain tendency to think about themselves as of someone special. Moreover, because of some of the most basic instincts, it is in human nature to seek to prove their own superiority. In order to do so, there have to exist specific judging criteria, and that is why the issue of determining what intelligence means has always been very relevant and germane. Numerous philosophers and scientists living during all eras have tried to define the concept of intelligence, and every one of them brought something new to this definition. Overall, considering all the present information, it is possible to conclude that the concept of intelligence should not be defined as a sole ability to comprehend information and learn new skills. On the contrary, it is highly essential to understand that intelligence can manifest itself differently in varying spheres of life. As a result, it makes more sense to talk about the broad spectrum of divergent types of intelligence that cannot be adequately measured rather than about one skill or…