PALLIATIVE SEDATION In the field of medicine, palliative sedation is generally the end-of-life care. All treatment options are advanced in order to save life and improve the quality of health of patients. However, there are certain terminal stages where patients might have to endure a lot of pain when the signs and symptoms of the infection they are suffering has proven to the futile, when it comes to offering treatment. Palliative sedation can also be associated with other medical terms such as continuous deep sedation, sedation for intractable distress of dying patient, or terminal sedation. It is a general medical practice of relieving pain distress in patients who are terminally ill in their last hours or days of their life. Medical practitioners can perform this procedure by means of subcutaneous infusion of a sedative drug, continuous intravenous, or by using a specialized charter that is specifically designed to provide comfort through a system of discrete administration through the rectal route. Palliative/terminal sedation, with palliative care being a new and developing specialty, has been the subject of much ethical scrutiny.  However,…

Wage Labor  Capitalism has been a concept that has filled the earth from time immemorial. Karl Marx, the famous German economist, philosopher and political theorist, could the most renowned intellect in the field of capitalism. He propounded in his book “the communist manifesto” that, “Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, that each time ended, either in the revolutionary reconstitution of society at large or in the common ruin of the contending classes.” This quote is the few words that explain the relationship between labourers and wealthy capitalists all through the years. In the early 18th century, the gap between these two classes of people was so vast that labourers seemed to be subhuman. The focus of this paper is to identify the differences between the two stratified classes and draw a clear picture of how capitalism did draw the class stratification line between labourers and the wealthy. The points of reference…

The First American Franklin, Crevecoeur, and Jefferson are among the people considered as the first great men of America who helped to pioneer enlightenment ideals during America’s political revolutionary. At the time of these democracy figures, America was breaking from Britain’s governmental principles and trying to establish a new society and a special national culture that matched what was perceived as the American character. Franklin, Crevecoeur, and Jefferson participated in shaping the spirit of self-help, individualism, and determination among the American citizens to help them believe that America, as a nation, has a greatness destiny. America during this period was transitioning to an independent country that needed new beliefs to make the shift bearable to the leaders and the citizens. The process of molding the new, democratic, and independent America society made the nation termed sensitive and special at that time. Benjamin Franklin often gets identifies as the “the father of America” or “first America due to his representation a true American character. According to the people who entrusted the title to him, Franklin portrayed the authentic type of noble,…

The Doctrine of Imago Dei: Response to Second Answer             I totally agree with your observation. The Christian concept of Imago Dei, refers to a theological doctrine that is found in Christianity, Sufism of Islam and Judaism, which maintains that all humans have been created in both the likeness and image of God. In this regard, theologians and philosophers have held discourses on the precise implication of the millennia phrase, Imago Dei. The primeval Jewish scholars including Philo and Saadia Gaon presented the argument that the creation of humans in the image of God does not necessarily imply that God has the human-like features (Robinson, 2016); however, the phrase is figurative language implying the bestowment of distinct honor to humanity by God, that he did bestow on the other creations. Still, Maimonides presented the argument that, such reasoning faculty allows an individual to assume God-like features in instances where the individual develops the aptitude to grasp God’s definitive reality’s nature (Robinson, 2016). Still, in the Christian though, the doctrine of Imago Dei is intimately related to the original sin’s concept.…

Compare and contrast the political ideologies of liberalism and conservatism Liberalism refers to a political and moral philosophy based on freedom and consent of the electorate governed by justice and equality before the law. Liberals exert an array of views depending on their comprehension of the governing principles. They advocate for free trade, free markets, limited government and individual rights such as civil and human rights, secularism,m democracy, capitalism, gender equality, racial equality, freedom of speech, religion, and the press and internationalism. Liberalism quickly identifies with the color yellow. Liberalism grew exponentially during the age of enlightenment among philosophers and economists. It was during this era where people started to question the doctrine of hereditary privilege, state religion, divine rights of kings, and absolute monarchy. Among the tenets fought against by liberalists were royal monopolies, barriers to trade, and the tyrannical rule of law. Changes in conducting business and free markets became the chorus among philosophers. John Locke gets credit for being the founding liberalist in a distinct tradition referencing social contrasts emphasizing the individuality of life. He argued that…

The Symposium Introduction Plato was a Greek philosopher who is credited with coming up with many of the concepts that have shaped human behavior and thinking. Socrates greatly influenced him, and as Greek philosophy was, the desire to understand the universe and the various occurrences. This he did by thinking about the various concepts and the ways that they affected human thinking and behavior. It was more than just what it seemed, as he sought to analyze and create the relationships between different things and notions. Plato has had many influential works because of his external look at the world and the various forces that shape human thinking. In analyzing human behavior, he looked both at present and in the past to uncover any influences that the latter might have on the present. In this way, he greatly believed that ideas did not exist in isolation but that it was important to uncover the influences that dictated not only our thinking but also our actions. It was this thought process that made him such a great philosopher, in addition to…

Cultural Diffusion in the Hellenistic Empire Introduction The Hellenistic empire was a period of cultural spreading and revolution. Hellenistic period alludes to a timeframe overwhelmed by a combination of Greek language and customs with the culture of the Near East. This brought about changes within mainstream perspectives on religion. It should be perceived that before the Hellenistic time, there was information on other religion among the cultures of the Mediterranean, and many believed their polytheistic religions to be elucidations dependent on similar strict gods and goddesses. Despite the maintenance of traditional faiths, traditional religion lacked sufficient number feeling unfulfilled and troubled, going to various ways of religious worship and multiple forms of thinking. The monotheistic religion of the Jews additionally assumed a job in Hellenistic culture. Enduring from the passing of Alexander the Great to the establishment of the Roman Empire, the Hellenistic period saw the universal diffusion of Greek progress. So incredible was this dissemination that the traditional differentiation among Greek and barbarian broke up. Eventually, Rome hardened this diffusion by unifying Greek thoughts, including Stoic diversity that got…

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide Death is an inevitable phenomenon through which every human being must pass through. The most critical question to philosophers and legal personnel have been who holds power to take it. Over the years, it is believed that no human being has control over life. I do firmly believe in the school of thought that no human being should decide on the life of another. Molarity would significantly degrade if the power to live or die was put in the hands of any human being (Kass, 1991). The intrinsic societal values have maintained dignity among all human, and violating them should not be allowed. Whenever killing and letting die terms are mentioned, most people view killing to be illegal, but letting die to be a natural phenomenon. James Rachel, in his article `Active and Passive Euthanasia` views Euthanasia on the moral perspective rather than a legal perspective. In his argument, passive Euthanasia is permissible, but active Euthanasia cannot be permitted. The biggest challenge is distinguishing active and Passive Euthanasia. Active Euthanasia could be termed as murder, while…

Perspectives on Religious Faith Introduction The concept of religious beliefs has raised heated arguments among scholars and philosophers. While some philosophers like Richard Dawkins and William K. Clifford believe that religious faith is morally impermissible, William James and Stephen Jay Gould claim that there is evidence to show that it is permissible. The perception of those who oppose the existence of faith, such as Clifford and Dawkins, base their arguments on the science domain that offers no proof for religious belief, to the extent of terming miracles done in religious sects as violating nature laws (Clifford 10). James and Gould, on the other hand, maintain that faith does not occur in the domain of science since it is impossible for science can either disprove or confirm if religious beliefs are right. The arguments that this paper present considers the claims of Dawkins and Clifford that religious faith is morally impermissible, while at the same time discussing the notion of Gould and James that religious belief is ethically permissible, as they try to respond to criticisms of Clifford and Dawkins. Faith…

Argumentation and Advocacy Problems Some evergreens are objects of worship, because all fir trees are evergreens, and some objects of worship are fir trees. Step 1: “Some evergreens are objects of worship,” is the conclusion. Step2: The predicate term of the conclusion is, “objects of worships,” hence, it is the primary term of a syllogism. Step 3: “Some objects of worship are fir trees,” is the central premise that contains the primary term. Step4: “All fir trees are evergreens,” is the minor premise since it covers the subject term of the conclusion. Step 5: The standard form of the syllogism is: Some objects of worships are fir trees. All fir trees are evergreens. Thus, some evergreens are objects of worship. Step 6: In this syllogism, the three propositions are arranged in the order, I, A, and I. The central term, “fir trees,” is the predicate term of the fundamental premise, and it is the subject term of the minor premise. Therefore, the syllogism is in the fourth figure. IAI-4 is the mood and figure of the syllogism. All artificial satellites…