Freud’s Conception of the Mind Freud Sigmund was a famous psychoanalyst who perceived the mind as a component of three levels of awareness. Freud had a conception that the behaviours and individuality of a person originated from special interaction of different psychological forces that performs at the three levels. The three levels of awareness are unconscious, preconscious and conscious. The three components of the mind plays a vital role in imparting the behaviour of a person. Freud proposed that the preconscious is composed of all the things that can be passed on to the conscious mind. The conscious mind entails all the wishes, memories, feelings and thoughts that we are responsive to at the given time. The conscious mind is perceived as the mind that is involved in thinking. Freud presented the unconscious mind as a storehouse of our memories, thoughts, urges and feelings.  The memories that are present in the unconscious mind are out of our conscious awareness. The unconscious mind also harbours unpleasant information such as feeling of conflicts, anxiety and pain. Freud compared the three levels of…

Romantic Hero Definition The romantic hero is an imaginary model explaining the character that goes against the stipulated culture and norms, facing rejection in the society, and exists as a stand-alone. The Romantic hero typically plays the role of leading actors in the created story and its core mandate based on the opinions instead of the character’s activities. History The Romantic hero first appeared in the literature during the era of the Romantic period by works of different authors such authors as Keat, Byron, Pushkin, and Goethe, and it became the result of the French Revolution. Napoleon Bonaparte referred to as the “existing model of a hero,” used the chaos of the revolution and dictatorship to acquire the power became distressed to many; this is where the concept of heroism was confronted as it was seen as the power to maintain public order. Characteristics of the romantic hero The Romantic hero is referred to as uncivilized more often and thus signifies the people in the society who are immoral with a sense of power and leadership rejected by society. The…

Baby Euthanasia and Neonatal Euthanasia Permissiveness   Case 3 “Baby Euthanasia” The exposition involves a baby girl born having a rare terminal disease. The girl had a metabolism complication, which caused a bone to form in her stomach. The girl’s parents Frank and Lisa, gave the best treatment to their child and finally became exhausted, seeing her agonize in pain. When she turned seven months, they decide to find measures of finding peace for their little girl and had to seek help from their doctors and opted for her to rest through medication. The parents were incapable of hauling the child any more pain. They said they could not even hold their baby without it feeling immense pain. In a short time, the baby was alive, her life deteriorated, and her parents and physicians concluded she wasn’t living accordingly, and her wellbeing was at risk. The wellbeing and state of the girl’s life had become worse in the months in which the parents observed her agony daily. Consequently, the advantages of accepting the baby to be put to rest were…

Situated Knowledge and Universal Knowledge The difference between these two types of knowledge is the variation between aspects of the globe that are linked to situation, background, identity, and understanding of the knower. Another difference is the contextualized acquaintance of certain events as well as universal generalizations unbounded by the circumstances that triumph in actual places and time. Scientists and philosophers believe that the only ideal knowledge is the universal type because it can be generalized. In other words, situated knowledge only serves a specific group of people while universal information serves dogma interest. Therefore, this research suggest that situational knowledge is ideal for Policing (Bittner). Situational data is essential in this field because it requires both experience and judgement which it offers The ambiguity of practical purpose Even though most people believe that formal logistic goals in life often render incomplete directions for front-line experts, it is practical in police departments. According Millgram (1977) people can find a meaning of an organization by looking into their actions. For instance, the police department one relates and understand that it is…

Comparison of the Renaissance and Enlightenment Renaissance means rebirth.  It has its origin in Italy and is associated with the recovery of the Greece-Roman civilization. Its age is assumed to have ended in a period that is over two centuries. Renaissance was an art that got its drive from the notion of humanism. This philosophy has been a base of several achievements in Greece. The most significant art that was evident in the Renaissance was humanism. And according to David’s oath of the Horatti, the Greek philosophers took the perspective of drawing to cat the viewer’s eye. The first painting has people with orange and blue robes walking side by side as they discussed philosophy. Their discussion was mainly on how they could represent humanism. This painting creates a dynamic philosophy sense since it expresses it both in facial expressions and gestures. Plato’s philosophy was upheld because, as it is evident, the changing world that we see currently is all from the shadow of a reality that is eternal. He focused mostly on what was invisible. On the other hand,…

 Karl Marx Karl Marx was philosophers who asked the daring questions on the theme like atheism and communism. He is renowned for producing the Communist Manifesto together with his compatriot, Engels, who worked in Rhineland later in Manchester. Engels noted the division of society into classes and poor conditions in factories. The two provide elaborate details on social and economic structures. The nature of Capitalism described manifest in the modern industrial and socio-political settings. Firstly, Marx and Engels held that society is built on an economic basis. People must organize their activities and interactions to facilitate the provision of needs. This superstructure is bound by law and supervised by a government inspired by religious or philosophy ideals influenced by forces in society. Marx demonstrates that economic factors group society into structures with a typical relationship on production. A change in the position of either party disrupts social order (Heilbroner 139). So, changes alter the fabric of society and rearrange the division of social wealth. The communist manifesto emerged as a powerful agent of economic reform as society partakes in a…

Social and Political Science        The formation of a government consists of various factors and ideas that call for citizens’ participation. This paper explores multiple governments’ structures, ideologies, and philosophies. Types of federalism. Federalism is a mode of the political leadership system. The two main types are Cooperative federalism and Dual federalism. Dual federalism is where there is a sharing of powers between states and unions, but the central governments hold more powers, while on the other hand, Cooperative federalism is where powers are shared equally between the states and federal governments (Scarinci, 2018). Secondly, Cooperative federalism allows the states to formulate individual rules; thus, the central governments have no powers to dictate policies to states. On the contrary, in dual federalism, the central governments have powers to dictate policy to state governments. Lastly, Cooperative federalism promotes policy differences among states, while dual federalism discourages such differences. However, both types of federalism have some prevailing ideology of division of powers from central government to states and unions to facilitate developments if all states. Further, both cooperation and dual federation work…

How Social and Political Factors Often Situate debates Surrounding Religion and Science Introduction Since the early 1900’s the relationship between science and religions has been studied by philosophers, theologies, and scientists as well. Science and religion have, therefore, been considered as an area of study. The study of religion and science started with scholars who disagreed with the notion that religion and science were indifferent and always at war with each other (Helen 2019). Earlier studies considered the theories and methodology in both disciplines. Later on, however, authors started developing different contextual approaches to the study of religion and science, such as detailed historical relationships between the two fields. Some early scholars even argued that theological and religious concepts helped give rise to scientific theories. This caused some Christians and revolutionaries to try to reconcile scientific theories with religious beliefs. In attempts to reconcile these two fields, some conferences were held by different bodies from both areas of theology and natural sciences. The meetings had participants from theology, philosophy, and science. The conferences were aimed at understanding divine action in…

Double Effect Test. The doctrine of double effect states that if by doing something that is morally good yet has some potentially harmful effects in it. It is ethical to do it as much as the lousy intention was not intended to happen. Doctors justify a case in which doctors have given patients drugs to relieve a stressful and painful situation, whereas he knows the drugs will shorten his life hence using this principle to solve the issue. The double effect is in justifying the use of a high dosage of drugs such as morphine to relieve pain in terminally sick patients while they know the medicines might cause the patient to die. It is morally permissive for the doctor to agree to the patient’s request reluctantly, and he is supposed to perform this request. Four conditions must be met so as the action can be approved as morally permissive (Fletcher et al., 2015). They will try to see that the right result must be achieved independently of the bad one, and the unfortunate results must not only be the…

Understanding of Cruelty, Morals and Sympathy Cruelty is one of the vices that most societies and Christian believers disapprove.  However, philosophers can give an explanation that leaves one in a dilemma of whether cruelty should be a vice. Phillip Hallie, a professor of philosophy, looks into cruelty based on the superficial small-scale side and institutionalized cruelty. He discovers that apart from causing a physical assault to its victims, it also affects their pride, confidence and self-esteem. Giving an example of what took during World War II, the residents of Le Chambon village risked their lives to save 6000 Jews from the Nazis. According to his perspective, the divergence of cruelty is not just avoiding cruelty itself. Additionally, it is not the practices of fighting cruelty using violence and hate; rather, it is inclined in the explicit and modest goodness of the people of Le Chambon village.  People from this village who trailed and stuck to what the bible says; be your brother’s keeper and defend them that do not have fathers. By testing the idea of cruelty, Hallie looks at…