Hate Crime Analysis Introduction Hate crime against the African American population is a five hundred year old vice. Since the slave traders moved millions of African captives and prisoners to cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane plantations in America, the African American people have been subjected to intense violence, prejudice, oppression, and other racially motivated hate crimes. This essay explores certain aspects of this vice such as the descriptive motivations, case examples, state laws criminalizing such hate crimes, and data collection strategies for research into the same. Analysis Hate crimes against the African American people are purely racist. Certain attitudes and even scholarly misdirection in the middle Ages created a misconception that the White race was superior while others were inferior (Desmond, Papachristos, & Kirk, 2016). Therefore, Africans and African Americans were deemed unsuitable for integration, employment, and even respect based on their skin color. Tens of millions of cases demonstrate the hate crimes meted out against the African American race. The millions of African and African American slaves mistreated and subjected to forced labor, rape, imprisonment, and even torture all…

 model tensions According to (Janssen et al. 2015), there are four model tensions which are, simplicity, generality, validity, and formality. Tension, as defined by Janssen et al. (2015), is the feeling that is produced in an event when people are anxious and do not trust each other and when there is the possibility of sudden violence or conflict. According to the authors, when making policy and policy simulation, there is a need for finding various ways of avoiding tension that is made in the policymaking. Tension is created between and within four components of the implementing process, idealized policy, implementing organizations, target group, and environmental factors. The tensions bring about exchange designs that could conceivably coordinate the desires for the result of the policy formulators. The exchange examples may get solidified into foundations. Both the exchange designs and the organizations may create tensions which, by criticism to the policymakers and practitioners, may support or reject further usage of the strategy. By utilization of the model, policymakers can endeavor to limit troublesome tensions, which can bring about the disappointment of policy…

Empiricism, Rationalism, Skepticism, and Pragmatis Introduction  A school of thought pertains to an intellectual tradition and refers to the perspective of people having common philosophical outlooks or opinions; it is a belief, cultural movement, or even a shared discipline by a group of people.  Philosophical theories are sets of beliefs that account for or explains a general philosophy branch or account for it. Statements that the thinkers believe to be true are the main element of philosophy; however, the truth believed by thinkers that accept various philosophies may be or may not be empirical.  Philosophical positions are the stances taken in place of an accepted philosophy and include other dogmas, hypotheses, doctrines, principles, paradoxes, rules laws, with ‘-ologies’, ‘-isms’ and effects. Some of the common schools of thought include Empiricism, Rationalism, Skepticism, and Pragmatism, all which have different theoretical constructs and influences. Empiricism is a philosophical theory, which posits that all knowledge is gained only from primary sensory experiences, and it is a significant pillar of epistemology. This theory gained momentum in the 17th and 18th centuries and was stimulated…

Scientific Revolution Question One: What is scientific revolution? Scientific revolution is a historical period in the 15th, 17th, and 18th centuries that was characterized by the shift to experimental thought system from philosophical perspectives. The period saw the emergence of rationality, truth, and relativism in the definition of reality (Onyekachi, 2017). Authors like Auguste Comte, Isaac Newton, and Rudolf Carnap contributed significantly to the growth of science during this period. The period saw the validation of scientific claims in the construction of theoretical structures that ultimately preferred empirical data. The term revolution emanates from an old Latin word ‘revolution’ which means to roll back. It implies a re-establishment of the old order for new concepts. Theories in this revolution were justified and dismissed based on rationality based on available data. The scientific revolution was a shift of focus in defining matter based on empiricism. Before this period, reality was defined based on unsubstantiated philosophy. Society previously relied on the content of scientific beliefs for their justification to a focus on their veritability. The scientific revolution saw the shift from the…

 parenting license essay If a parenting license were made, it would differ from other licenses. Unlike other activities that require consent, parenting is more of natural and biological activity rather than related to the government and finance (Bioethetics, 2015). Additionally, if a parenting license were created, parenting would no longer be a natural and biological activity (Bioethetics, 2015). Furthermore, it would relate to government and finance (Bioethetics, 2015). Therefore, a third party is involved (Bioethetics, 2015).   Moreover, a parental license contrasts with other licenses because there are no alternatives for it if someone fails the test for licensing (Philosophical Disquisitions, 2015). In general, if someone fails the driving license test, there are alternatives for that person to progress about, such as public transport (Philosophical Disquisitions, 2015). Likewise, if someone fails the test for a specific profession such as a surgent or a lawyer, they can attain many different jobs (Philosophical Disquisitions, 2015). However, if parents fail the parental licensing test, there are no alternatives (Philosophical Disquisitions, 2015). As a result, a parenting license shouldn’t be created (Philosophical Disquisitions, 2015).…

The Doctrine of God Introduction The doctrine of God forms the prerequisite of faith and foundation of the Christian theology field (Bavinck & Hendriksen, 2003). Doctrine is however as often understood what the church teaches in line with the officially accepted activity, contrary to theology which is by far a more open-minded discourse and its discoveries and discourse may or may not get accepted as doctrine (Gunton, 1997). The major area in the doctrine is God’s nature and His character when handling the world as revealed in Israel’s history and holds its articulation in the witness and life of the Church. The Doctrine of God majorly revolves around the existence of God, the attributes and names of God, providence and creation plus the Holy Trinity. An understanding of the Doctrine of God involves grasping the philosophy, issues stemming from the social and natural sciences and all other cross-cultural contexts that arise from the growing global society. Naturalistic arguments The cosmological argument of God’s existence argues simply that every happening and or, the effect must have a correspondent cause. Something cannot…

Moral Dilemma Raised by Driverless Cars Introduction A driverless car is one which uses technology such as laser light, GPS, sensor lights, computer vision, and odometry to sense its environment and navigate without necessarily the input of a human being (Greene, 2016). These advanced techniques aid them in interpreting sensory information and identifying paths and routes to follow as well as seeing any obstacles to avoid or road signs that are relevant. This paper is aimed at discussing the ethical dilemma raised by use of driverless cars and appropriate ethical actions they take when faced by emergency situations. Driverless cars have both potential benefits and several unresolved concerns. They are potentially beneficial in that they give relief to drivers and passengers from driving and navigating activities, they have relatively low fuel consumption, increase the flow of traffic on roads as well as parking spaces among numerous other benefits (Pollock, 2012). The unresolved problems range from, safety concerns, regulations by the government, as well as moral concerns. Among the concerns and disputes that arise from the use of driverless cars are;…

Georges Bastille’s Theories of Eroticism Eroticism in philosophy is related to the notion of beyond, which is the desire of ineffable or longing for something that lies beyond reality. It is opposed to other forms of love, and it is not the desire to communicate or share a relationship. Eros is the quest to feel one’s self with something that brings delight. It is individualistic and self-interested, which is the desire to possess something desirable. Then when that thing is not fulfilling, it is thrown away. This vision of Eros leads to eroticism. It is the quest for pleasure through extreme actions and experiences. Longing to lose one’s self in the satisfaction that they experience. Searching for happiness beyond extreme sexual behaviour is self-interested longing for comfort. Eroticism is a form of Eros, which is an erotic quest for a mysterious object of desire. According to George Bataille, this conception of eroticism and Eros is not directed in the right direction. Eros should not be understood with the logic of selfish desire but inform of one losing their self, which…

Stages of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory Lawrence Kohlberg, an American psychologist, known for the theory of moral development, was born on 25th October 1927 in Bronxville, New York. Towards the end of World War II, he served in the Merchant Marine. He later held captive at a British internment camp after being caught smuggling Jewish refugees from Romania into Palestine. He then escaped and participated in non-violent activism in Palestine during the establishment of Israel as a state. In 1948, he returned to America and achieved his bachelor’s degree in the University of Chicago within the same year. In 1958, he pursued a doctoral degree in psychology while reading Jean Piaget’s work. He also borrowed from American philosopher, John Dewey and James Mark Baldwin who emphasized on the psychological and philosophical development of human beings. Kohlberg developed an individual perspective into moral decision making and defined morality as the ability to recognize the right versus wrong, good verses, evil, respecting, and obeying the rules. From 1958 to 1961 Kohlberg was appointed as an assistant professor at Yale University in the psychology…

Philosophical Analysis of The Truman Show The Truman Show is a philosophical science fiction comedy-drama that featured in America, 1998. It was primarily written by Andrew Nicol, who co-produced it with Scott Rudin, Edward S, Feldman, and Adam Schroeder. Peter Weir directed the film. The film focuses on the life of Truman Burbank, who unknowingly lives in the orchestrated world of a popular reality television program. Everything in Truman’s world is staged and dictated by the godlike antagonist, Christof.  Even the weather and environment is simulated technologically (Weir). When Truman finds out the truth about his supposed reality, nothing can stop his escape from his confined world. The film explores human rebellion, religion, utopia, authenticity, and the human quest for certainty, which all notably have firm philosophical foundations. The human quest for certainty is arguably the most significant theme explored in the Truman show. For almost three decades, Truman had conformed to the belief and reality he had been presented with, the perfect world of Seahaven. Truman arguably led a good life, free of harm and premeditated by Christof. However,…