Are Spiritual Truths Exclusive? Ravi Zacharias and Abdu Murray of Ravi Zacharias International Ministries (RZIM) give a two-hour talk at the University of Delaware on the topic “Are Spiritual Truths Exclusive?” The Livestream video from 4th November 2019 is in two sections; the individual presentations by Ravi and Abdu and a Q&A session with the students attending the talk. Both speakers give substantial arguments in support of this topic while providing answers to the audience. Abdu, who is the senior vice president of RZIM, introduces his argument by taking a look at his religious background as a Muslim to his transformation to Christianity at the age of 27. (10:18 – 10:40). As a Muslim, he held the belief that Christianity was false and that Islam was the true religion. Over time, there was a transition in his thinking as he discovered scientific, historical, and philosophical evidence that challenged his belief on what Christianity was. He says at 11:37, that as humans, “When you hold a conviction, you don’t want to let go of it, if you let go, you let…

Religious realm, ethical and aesthetic realm In the Danish golden age, Kierkegaard was a philosophical and productive writer of intellectual and artistic activity. His work crosses the limits of philosophy, theology, psychology, literary censure, devotional works, and creative writing. Social evaluation and renewal of the Christian faith with Christendom are brought about by mixing these discourses. He is usually regarded as the father of existentialism by avid efforts to examine and invigorate Christian faith. This paper will discuss the Religious Realm and the paradox of Faith and give a response to the theory. Religious realm, ethical and aesthetic realm Kierkegaard explains the Religious realm by focusing on the three major ills, which are the major problems to the human psyche and they include boredom, anxiety, and despair. Physical and mental involvement enables people not to become bored. Although a great play, passion, an inspiring conversation is essential in the relief of boredom, the respite doesn’t last for long. Ennui is not just a nuisance, and therefore a psychologically healthy human need to discover various techniques to avoid ennui. Anxiety is…

Critical Rationalism             Critical rationalism is the best argument that is advanced by rationalists in the raging debate between rationalism and empiricism. Rationalists use reason as the source of their knowledge (Markie, 2017). The critical rationalism argument was first advanced by Karl Popper in the mid-20th century. The theory, as developed by Popper, was to help counter the evident shortcomings in social science experiments. The former method of carrying out research using questions, hypothesis, and experimentation using empirical or observation means resulted in conclusions that were more theorized than factual. Popper proposed the use of criticism to aid correct research. He challenged the empiricism theory in that it only involved mere observations in making conclusions (Rowbottom, 2011). According to Popper, there was a need for reasoning and logic in the observation. Such an approach would result in more factual conclusions. His argument gave rise to critical rationality theory in which all responses ought to be investigated for their failure. Critical rationalism argument involves the formulation of a theory as a result of an empirical study. The theory is then tested…

Classical Ideals of Liberalism and Conservatisms Introduction Basically, classical liberalism can be defined as a philosophical ideology that aims at awarding freedom to citizens of a particular country by specifically reducing the powers of a government (Allen, 35-37). Significantly, liberalism ideology may cut across both economic and political grounds. Classical liberalism was predominant during the industrial revolution and urbanization in the USA and the Europe world. This philosophical ideology yearns for civil liberties through the rule of law, private ownership of property and belief in the existence of laissez-faire economic policy. Liberalism is built on the ideas of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and John Locke among others who that had been put forward by the 18th century. On the other hand, classical conservatism is a philosophical ideology that takes the route of hierarchy, order, authority, and tradition like in the industrial revolution in the United States of America in the 19th century (Viernes, 25). Classical conservatism is termed as the best in focusing on the issues affecting the state, however, at its extreme, conservatism can result in economic and, social…