False memories: How emotional distracters affect recall and recognition False memory encompasses human recollections that are distorted from the event that actually took place, or fabricated entirely. These errors in memory can be thought of in two distinct categories: ‘commission’ and ‘omission’. Commission memory error refers to the creation, or ‘commission’, of a memory that did not actually occur, as opposed to ‘omission’ where a true memory is forgotten. The pioneering research of Bartlett (1932) suggested that an individual’s recollection of the past is of past events is shaped by their own schemas and understandings of the present. This foundational hypothesis guided subsequent investigations in false memory Understanding of false memories has practical applications in many sectors of society, as it has been in analysing false recollections of abuse that patients have formed in therapy (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). The foundation of empirical research into this phenomenon is often cited back to Bartlett (1932), whereby the recall of elements of a popular Indian folktale was warped with the cultural expectations of the British participants. Bartlett’s pioneering research suggests that an…
Psychology of false confessions Over the last twenty years, DNA technology has greatly improved leading to a growing number of cases being thrown into disarray due to scientific evidence used to prove innocence. False confessions were initially used to condemn suspects in the lack of scientific evidence as is the case before the discovery of DNA technology. One of the high-profile cases which occurred in a New York park involved a couple of suspects who admitted to raping an unsuspecting victim. DNA evidence later showed that none of them was guilty of the offense. Interestingly, one of the suspects in the attack had an IQ of 87, and another one was only 16 years of age with reading level of a second-grade student. Psychologists have pointed towards intelligence being a great factor contributing to the probability that a suspect will falsely admit guilt (Garrett, 2015). It’s hard to estimate the number of false confession across the US but a review of ten years worth of murder cases revealed that in 247 instances the defendants gave a false confession. Psychologists over the…
How Sherlock is faithful to the book The 2010 BBC show Sherlock is a magnificent adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s book, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. The creators of the television show maintained the primary characters of the original story. Sherlock is faithful to the stories portrayed in the book as it highlights a duet of a detective and a doctor solving complicated and mysterious crimes. In both the book and the television show, most vents occurred in London (Letizia, 2012). One main difference from the book is that the title of the first television episode is A study in Pink, while the title of the book is A Study in Scarlet. The title is different in the television episode since the plot revolves around the mysterious death of a woman that was dressed entirely in pink. Additionally, Sherlock deduced the past of the victim, trough the patterns on her pink outfit and the information derived from her pink luggage that led him to further unveil critical cues behind the mystery. This contributes a vital meaning behind the title…
Elite Deviance Edwin Southerland profound the term Elite Deviance and the term has remained in use since the early 20th century. Elite Deviance refers to actions by influential people which may impact negatively on people, but the actions not always illegal. The legality part of those acts makes them earn the ‘deviance’ section of their name. Some instances of elite deviance include a situation when a doctor fails to follow some treatment protocols, and in effect makes the patient spend extra cost of treatment elsewhere. This paper seeks to review the literature on elite deviance and brings a substantive opinion on the same. The idea of elite deviance also referred to as ‘white-collar crime’ was coined in 1939 when sociologist Southerland was addressing American Sociological Society (Mary, 2012). He argued that the white-collar crimes are the kind of crimes committed by people of prominent status in the society and whose reputations were indisputable. Southerland had a feeling that most large-scale frauds were likely to go unnoticed, or if detected, would go unpunished, making them socially harmful. These kinds of frauds…
Corruption in Political Systems Introduction Corruption is an act of abuse of an entrusted power for a personal gain (Philp 61). Corruption is mostly perpetrated by those who ascend to power then use their position to sustain their power and wealth fraudulently. While corruption is evidenced in all parts of the world, the degree of corruption varies from one country to another. This paper discusses corruption cases in Germany, Russia, USA, Romania, Nigeria, and Korea. Special focus is made on effects of corruption on political, social, and economic sectors of each country. By comparison of corruption issues in these countries, it is evident that strict measures against corruption perpetrators are crucial for the positive economic growth of any country. Corruption in Political Systems Germany has a good rating in corruption issues in political systems. The German system of government rallies for openness in relations between the citizens and politics. Nevertheless, there are a couple of areas that still require improvements. It should be a public knowledge that any form of corruption by parliamentarians should be illegalized, but in Germany only…
Organizational behavior at Merrill Lynch Merrill Lynch is a branch of the bank of America that is involved in Wealth management. The firm is located in Manhattan, New York and it is involved in management of client’s assets, which are valued at over $2.2 Trillion in 2017. Merrill Lynch is one of the biggest asset management firms in the US with over 15000 staff members who are mainly financial advisors and managers. The history of the firma dates back to 1914 when Charles Merrill and Edmund Lynch joined hands to start one of the first wealth management firms in America. Winthrop Smith later joined them in 1916 and over the years, the firm has grown rapidly to become one of the most successful and financially stable asset management firms in the world. The firm employs professionals from all over America and even the rest of the world. As part of the organizational behavior, the type of culture embraced by Merrill Lynch is the salad bowl culture. Salad bowl culture is as a culture whereby there is a mixture of people…
Othello by Shakespeare William Hazlitt describes the character of Lago as supererogation of Shakespeare skills. He has a love of power with is common and natural to man. Lago is Othello’s ensign and the villain of the play. He is an extreme instance of kindness which is true in the story as he bluffs in his honesty making people to trust him including his master Othello (Shakespeare). He spends most of his time plotting against Desdemona and Othello, in which case he eventfully convinces Othello of his wife cheating habits, despite the fact that his wife was faithful. He cruelty is unjust, and no motivation would describe the level of unjust to his friends. William describes this as a plot to destroy his friends as a plot for his ingenuity. Lago enjoys destroying people lives. He does this with the highest level of craftsmanship. He appreciates every plot of evil he makes and his final results. Every time he does something genially evil he will stand and muse about, “Virtue? A fig! ‘Tis in ourselves that we are thus or Thus.…
Abnormal Psychology in Film Assignment The topic of psychological illness has been depicted in film in many different ways. Some films provide a compassionate view of illness, others more stereotypical and negative, and still others have misrepresented a specific disorder providing an inaccurate picture. For this written assignment you will select a psychological disorder that you would like to learn more about and write a critical analysis of a film that depicts the disorder.[unique_solution] Select and view a relevant film. Conduct research on the disorder. It helps when you pose a research question. For example: Are individuals with schizophrenia able to successfully reintegrate into society? What programs or factors are available to facilitate their reintegration? Sources: Please use your textbook and one additional source. The additional source can be from a magazine, newspaper, journal article or Web. Summarize each of the sources and place in your paper. Please make sure to cite the sources in your paper. III. Include a Reference page citing your three research sources. Please use APA style. Brief Summary of the Film Title, director, actors…
Positive psychology History and background The history and the advent of positive psychology can be backdated to the times of Martin Seligman’s who was the then president of the American Psychological Association (APA) (Seligman, 2014, p.290).Seligman realized that psychology had positively impacted to a larger extent in the neglect of two of his missions before the world war II broke out. These three of his missions were to curing mental illness, helping people with to lead a more productive and life which is more fulfilling and also the nurturing of high talent among the people especially among the young generation of that time (Seligman, 2014, p.291). The rise of the veterans administrations during the 1940’s and the national institute of mental health in the same decade primarily made the discipline of psychology a healing discipline that was based on the disease model and the illness ideology. Due to this realization, Seligman resolved to his American Psychologists Association presidency to enhance a change in the focus of psychology as a discipline towards a more positive way i.e. the idea of positive…
Critically examine whether social work assessment adequately represent children Importance of s. work assessment Assessment is a dynamic process that keeps going all through the working process with service users. It is expected of social workers to execute an original assessment of the encountered situation before taking any action. Social work assessment involves the process of collecting and interpreting information so that they can understand an individual and their circumstances. It is important to note that an assessment does not only occur in the beginning but throughout the process. This needs to be done because if an assessment is poorly done, the involved children may be exposed to extreme emotional or physical mistreatments, and in some cases, they may experience placement breakdowns. Before submitting any assessment report, the practitioner involved should counter check what she has noted to avoid errors that might cause more damage to a child. Social work assessment helps the worker to understand and get to know the situation he is handling so that they can identify with it. After following the case, it becomes easy for…