Paranthropus Paranthropus is among the family of a robust australopithecine. In their adaptation to the diet they ate, they had a sizeable megadont cheek teeth associated with thick enamel and focused their chewing in the back of the jaw (Ungar & Grine, 1991). They possessed a large zygomatic arch which allowed the passage of large chewing muscles to the jaw and gave Paranthropus robustus individuals their face being full and dish-shaped. They also had a sizeable sagittal crest that provided them with a large area to anchor the chewing muscles to their skull. Their solely tooth and face size offered them the adaption to grind down tough, fibrous foods. It is therefore presumed that Paranthropus robusts’ diet was tough vegetation because they had extensive wear comprised of molars and premolars, enamel chipping in posterior teeth and massive bone accumulation around the roots of their molars and premolars teeth. Also, P. robustus was a seed predator and was capable of side to side grinding of the teeth. This is due to their anterior dentition that had tough enamel for grinding. This…

Quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is one of the major branches of physics. Physics, as a discipline, is a science that deals with study observed natural phenomena about matter and energy. The definition is a science. Eleven branches of physics have profoundly enriched most of the technology used today. The eleven core branches are Classical physics, Modern physics, Nuclear physics, Atomic physics, Geophysics, Biophysics, Mechanics, Acoustics, Optics, Thermodynamics, and Astrophysics. Mechanical physics is a branch which deals with motion and energy changes denoted as the force on the dynamics of the study. There are two branches of mechanical physics; Classical mechanics and Quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of microscopic particles like neutrons, protons, and electrons (Alsaleh, 2017). Quantum mechanics have five significant areas of study quantum field theory, Schrödinger equation, scattering theory, quantum statistical mechanics, and Path integral formulation. The core concepts that make quantum mechanics a significant discipline in modern technology include black-body radiation, free particle, wave property, wave-particle duality, Hilbert space, quantum harmonic oscillator, and quantization. In general, the primary feature of quantum mechanics and its…

magazine titled ‘Your Teen for Parents’ The first selected media is an adult magazine titled ‘Your Teen for Parents’, with a small side note underneath the big title written ‘for parents’. A glance at the title and hone immediately presumes that the magazine is for parents who look to understand better their children who are in their teenage years. The cover has text in different font and color from the rest of the page simply written ‘Bigger Kids. Bigger Fun’. The front cover’s main picture is ahead to knee size picture of a teenage girl holding two heavy books in her right hand, one of which is a chemistry textbook; this image is an ad for ‘Lake Erie College.'(“Your Teenager for Parents”, 2019, p. 2) The cover also includes text on the side, each in a different color describing some of the topics the magazine tackles such as ‘My kids won’t follow simple rules’, ‘Why teens fall in love fast’ and ‘Back to school’. The pages of the magazine include a fair amount of pictures, a fair amount of which…

Community Health-Psych Community health teams aim at treating individuals who have mental illness in what can be described as a domiciliary facility or setting other than asylum. Community health services aim at providing more than just outpatient treatment to the individual. The concept of mental health services can, therefore, be described as one in which the community of the patient and not a particular facility provides care for the individual suffering from mental illness. Examples of community mental health services include halfway houses, psychiatric wards, clubhouses, and self-help groups for people suffering from mental health. The main advantage of community mental health service is that they reduce social alienation and forms of stigma or violations that may be characterized in asylums (Reisner et al., 2015). The factors associated with mental health can be characterized by biological factors, social factors, and political factors. One of the biological factors associated with mental illness is genetics. Research findings have confirmed that several conditions, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s, are polygenic: multiple defective genes cause them. The second biological factors associated with mental disorders…

March’s advanced organic chemistry Smith, M. B. (2019). March’s advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure. John Wiley & Sons. The book is primarily designed for use as a reference for students taking short-course at the undergraduate level. Still, it can also be used to gain more information on organic chemistry in advanced undergraduate studies. The book covers the topics of electrons, bonding, valence, hybridization, and dipole moments. The other additional topics include inductive and field effects, photoelectrons and spectroscopy. The book has covered general concepts of chemistry, in addition to organic chemistry. Topics on structure and reactivity of compounds have been addressed in details. March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry is a book that is credible and the information in the book is well researched. The author is Michael B. Smith, an experienced chemist who has worked with other professionals in compiling the book. The information provided in the book describes the reactions, mechanisms, and structure of various compounds and elements that are involved in chemical reactions. The organic chemistry concerning bonds explains such concepts as the involvement of first-row elements in…

Pakistan’s media Introduction Pakistan’s media is one of the most dynamic ones in the South Asian region. The country has a broad and diverse media representation, especially in recent years. The television and radio houses, print media, and other digital platforms have revolutionized the political, social, and economic environment in the country. The country has over 300 privately owned newspaper companies, with a combined sale of over 6 million copies.  A study done by FBS found that these newspaper companies had sold over 6 million copies in 2009 alone. The number of television viewers has also been increasing rapidly in the country, which is another boost for the media.  The country has not achieved total democracy, which puts a lot of pressure on the liberal press within its borders. The government has been using indirect methods to shut down and silence popular media companies. Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) uses the excuse of “unfriendly media to suspend licenses, which indirectly limits the actions of various television, radio and print companies. Reporters without borders ranked the country the second last…

Thermal Analysis of Metal-Organic Precursors for Functional Cu-ΝiOx Metal Oxide as Hole Transporting Layer in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Role of Combustion Chemistry in Thin Films versus Powders   Introduction   Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed significant progress related to improved efficiency within the last decade. For example, the energy of PVCs rose from 3.8% in 2009 to more than 24% in the year 2019. According to many experts, many of the most currently used electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells, such as require considerably high temperatures during synthesis. This has significantly limited their potential commercial applications. Consequently, the emerging development of inverted perovskite solar cells based on the use of p-type NiOx as the primary hole transport layer (HTL) on the electrodes has received significant attention in recent years due to its immense potential benefits. Cu doped nickel oxide (Cu-NiOx) films are important nanoparticles which have recently demonstrated significant promise as hole transporting layer (HTL) for modern perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) due to their unique properties such as intrinsic p-type semiconducting properties and enhanced electrical conductivity[1]. Besides,…

How many beers to get drunk? Are you planning a hangout with friends? The first thing that comes to mind while planning a hangout is ‘beer.’ However, it is an alcoholic beverage and thus needs some precaution. Can gulping down a couple of pints lead to a hangover the next morning? If you are wondering how many beers to get drunk, this article is for you. Drinking a beer reasonably only brings them joy and not a hangover. As we know, ‘excess of everything is bad’ – this proverb is equally true for beer. How many beers to get drunk? This answer to his question depends on certain factors as follows: Strength of the beer To make you feel drunk, the strength of beer is significant. Strong beer can make you drunk quickly than light beer. As the name suggests, the light beer contains lesser alcohol. There is a variety of beer available in the market, which has no alcohol at all. These non-alcoholic beers will not make you feel drunk and safe when you have to travel long distances…

Neuro Awareness: The Intriguing Connection between the Brain and the Gut To commemorate the Brain Awareness Week, Medical News Today on March 19, 2020, complied a set of facts relating with how our nervous system and the gut are conversant with each other, on an unfathomable level. The gut, a sensitive body organ, is intertwined with the brain in the following ways: Foods with a substantial level of sucrose can disorient nerve chemistry, through alteration of the opioid and dopamine brain systems. There’s a tight correlation between gut bacteria and gut health, with Scientists looking into ways that the former can brain behaviour. Through the vagus nerve, Parkinson disease-causing clamps might get to the brain, and end up destroying dopamine cells which leads to invariable symptoms of the ailment.   A new year, new enchanting brain discoveries Scientists argue that yawning has an unprecedented contagion power. An increase in the motor cortex’s excitement can propel an individual’s urge to yearn. Neurogenesis- production o.f new neurons, is a continuous lifetime process. While most adults have to do with the neurons they…

Sanitary landfills Sanitary landfills are facilities or sites used to isolate waste from the environment to allow biological, physical and chemical degradation that renders the waste environmentally safe. The chemical changes that occur on the earliest anaerobic stage of decomposition in sanitary landfill are dependent on certain factors. This include; bio oxygen demand(BOD) which is the oxygen needed to break down organic materials present in a given water sample at a specific temperature over a given period. BOD regulates the production of bacteria used in the decomposition of waste and the conversion process of the same to methane gas or leachate and also determines the PH Of the waste. The bacteria act on the refuse and transform the metals to leachate. The increase of bacteria is gradual as period lapses, and the production of methane gas decreases the PH inside the landfill and of which is attributed to the acidity brought forth by the decomposition. The different types of leachates contain different chemical compositions in their original forms. The sanitary facilities used in storing leachates are either made of PVCs…