Criminal Defense and Prostitution Any person accused of a crime is required by the law to appear in court for trial. The accused person in such a situation is called a defendant. The defendant and his/her criminal attorney in court will try to establish that a criminal defence to avoid the judge from ruling that he/she is guilty. Criminal defense is an argument that is angled toward the attempt to prove that the prosecution evidence not valid that sufficient to warrant criminal charges against the accused. There are different types of criminal defenses in criminal law that are considered before the court pass judgment on the accused. They include Insanity, justification, and duress. Criminal defense of Insanity In case a person accused of a crime is found to have been insane during the time of the criminal act, the court will entitle such a defendant in criminal defense of no guilty due to Insanity. However, people have used this defense for years to escape guilty verdicts. The general public has raised concerns that the defense is used by many people…

Application of scientific methods in the field of business    Introduction In business studies, there is need of application of scientific methods because entrepreneurship is an art and science too. There are few entrepreneurs in the economy due to lack of factors which helps to induce successfulness. It always takes a hard work and usage of resources for one to be successful. In this field of study, we shall examine various forms of scientific methods which help most of the businesses to achieve their objectives which is to minimize the costs and maximize the profit. This paper seeks to identify experimental ways which can be applied in the field of business and further proposes the hypothesis which can help to solve problems in this area. 1.0    Scientific methods Some of the scientific techniques which would apply in this area include; observation, exploration of the products in the market, differentiation of the brands, costs evaluation among others. Observation phenomenon is significant and a scientific method which can be applied in the field of business. The entrepreneurs should be able to observe…

Weekly Clinical Reflective Journal Cohort Research Cohort researches are medical researchers conducted on groups of people to determine the cause of an illnesses and the relationship between health results and risk factors. Cohort researches are the best scientific methods that have measure the effects of a potential risk factor. Cohort researches can either be prospective which are planned before and are carried out for a future time or retrospective which uses the existing data to determine the risk factors for a given condition. This paper will discuss all what entails in a cohort research and the relevant examples. Prospective cohort study tends to the possible causes of a disease. It is carried out on a large group of people and it may take several years to determine the cause of the disease. Any possible health changes are detected and get linked as a possible cause for the disease. Framingham study of the heart is a perfect of prospective cohort research, which included 5209 men and women participants, and was carried out since 1948 to 2002 in three phases to determine…

Scientific and Non-Scientific Sources of Knowledge The sources of scientific knowledge can be obtained using the references in the scientific publications, for instance, the scientific journals. Scientific knowledge can be verified and proven. On the other hand, non-scientific knowledge is obtained in four primary sources; common sense, authority, intuition, and tradition. Before this class, I understood new things through non-scientific sources of knowledge. The approach was not the right way to understand the world since it was based on personal judgment and opinions of other individuals (Yeatman, 2006). Theories and Hypotheses A theory refers to a unifying explanation and a well-substantiated set of proven and verified hypotheses. As opposed to theory, a hypothesis refers to a suggested explanation for a phenomenon that is observable or a prediction of a possible correlation among various incidents. However, both the hypothesis and theory can be testable and falsifiable. A theory can be made up of several hypotheses to explain how a broad set of observations are consistently formed. The hypothesis is based on specific observation, which is limited to that particular instance (Downs…

Effects of Oil Spills Environmental catastrophes, for example, oil spills will bring unprecedented challenges, especially on water systems. Oil spills have been a significant issue for our environment, and something must be done to prevent these from happening since every day the oil is in the water the more effective it will have on the habitat of all sea life and even human life as it creeps closer to the coasts. The effects of oil spills and leaks like the one that is happening in the Gulf of Mexico pollute hundreds of thousands of gallons of water by the hour (Lavrova, & Kostianoy, 2011). Now the slick is creeping dangerously toward the shore while researchers and cleaning crews are frantically trying to keep the oil out of the sand and surrounding beaches. There must be something that we can do to be more proactive with situations like this in the future. The government should have been assured that BP and other companies had a better alternative, to begin with rather than allowing them to drill or explore without a backup…

Genre Comparison Scientific articles published in popular magazines tend to use simple diction to reach out to more people. Most of these articles aim at attracting larger masses, and therefore using a simple language is the most effective way of achieving the goal. It should, however, be noted that the articles base their ideas on scientific peer-reviewed journals. The language used in the journals is quite different and professional because it is addressing a specific area of expertise that involves empirical studies. As such, scientific terms are prevalent in the journals. However, it should be noted that the same cannot be applied to popular articles. Although the articles base their ideas on the findings of these journals, their language has to be eye-catching and simpler to reach a greater audience. As such, the paper provides a comparative analysis of a published popular article to its parent peer-reviewed journal article. Article Summary The article discloses that stress can lead to grey hair. The article explains that a study using mice was used to unearth the finding at the Harvard Stem Cell…

The Malthusian Theory             The Malthusian Theory of Population states that the growth of population is exponential as it doubles every twenty-five years, while that of food is linear (Ross (1998). Although an increase in population in a given area decreases the distribution of resources to the people, the Malthusian Theory fails to consider significant factors of population growth. Therefore, this essay describes the reasons why I am against Malthus’ theory. One, the theory’s mathematical proposition is not supported by relevant facts in the real world (De Marchi & Sturges, 1973). According to Malthus, the growth is population is geometrical, while the food supply is by arithmetic. However, there has been no evidence in any country that this theory works, where the population and food supply grew by geometrical and arithmetic methods, respectively. For example, there should have been facts that a particular country’s population doubled in 25 years. Besides, the Malthusian Theory ignores external factors such as economic development that affect the population’s demographics. In a case where the population grows economically, there is an expected decrease in the…

Ventilator associated pneumonia research critique The study is about assessing the knowledge of nurses on how to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia which is common in hospitalized intensive care unit patients who are undergoing mechanical ventilation. According to the author of the article, there is a lack of updated information regarding which preventative practices are being used in hospitals across the United States to prevent common device-related infections such as pneumonia in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The goal of the research is to bridge the gap between knowledge on how best to translate the research which is being carried out in health care into practice and find out the reason why hospitals chose whether or not to use some preventative practices. The article tries to bridge the gap between one of the proposed research endeavors and the successful translation of the tried and tested prevention methods and the resulting decrease in hospital acquired infections of pneumonia among the target group. The author establishes the significance of the study by delving into how ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an ongoing challenge especially…

Portfolio Project Milestone Introduction Every organization must have a competitive advantage in order to succeed above its competitors. Organizations that fail to identify their competitive advantage often get outperformed by competitors that force the business out of the market. According to Wager, Lee, and Glaser (2017), various aspects of business can be considered as a source of competitive edge, including unique competence, brand reputation, high return on assets, and higher profit margin. Although there are many ways through which organizations can achieve an advantage over its competitors, the most viable is differentiation and cost advantage. An organization with the ability to achieve superiority in terms of differentiation and cost can offer consumers with products at low costs, and a high degree of differentiation can compete with its rivals effectively. In order to understand the competitive value of healthcare information technology, the researcher will provide a portfolio project milestone that will include an array of scholarly articles The required textbook for this course; Wager, Lee, and Glaser (2017) explain that the health care information system provides essential knowledge and tools that…

Qualitative and Quantitative Nursing Research             Research is a means of progressing nursing care through the provision of solutions to problems. There are two main approaches to research, including Qualitative and Quantitative methods. The two methods exhibit similarities and differences; hence researchers need to understand the differences in practices. In the context of purpose, a quantitative research method aims at breaking down and understanding scientific phenomenon to establish their connects and disconnects. The research studies data that is predictable and controllable in a structured and representable statistically. Qualitative research, on the other hand, it purposes to interpret, understand, and describe social phenomena such as beliefs, opinions, and feelings. Qualitative research aims at answering complex questions to provide explanations and descriptions of phenomena (Bryman, 2017). During the data analysis phase, Bryman (2017) points out that the quantitative research method applies hypothesis in determining representative figures while qualitative integrates abstract concepts in explaining theories. In quantitative research, data analysis is performed on completion of the research study, unlike in qualitative research where data analysis is performed during the study. The methods of…