J. W Gamble in the Texas prison This case revolves around J. W Gamble in the Texas prison. Due to an incident at the prison, he suffered substantial back damage. Gamble was given some medicines and sent back to work. However, the back pains did not subsidize, and he rebuffed from going to work, which leads to his punishment by being kept in solitary confinement. In 1974 he signed a pro se complaint alleging that he had been subjected to cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the eighth amendment. Gamble complaint was dismissed for failure to state a claim. The supreme courts reversed, noting that the prison failed to diagnose Gamble by administering an x-ray and that Gamble did not receive any treatment to his back pains. The main questions of the case were whether the pro se complaint raises a constitutional question upon which relief can be granted? Justice Thurgood Marshall wrote the 8-1 decision, the court ruled that the prison treatment to Marshall did not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth amendment. Justice Stevens dissented.…
Labelling essay Labelling in high schools is a common phenomenon to almost all the high schools. Personally being a victim of the circumstance. Mentioning about labelling always reminds me of my second year of study in high school when the Maths teacher labelled me as a Slow learner. My classmates laughed at me and braded me the nickname “Quake”. The experience negatively affected my interaction with them by lowering my self-esteem. It created a sense of learned helplessness and made me feel stupid before the rest of my classmates. In any case I felt inferior in arguments involving mathematics and could not even contribute at all. Given a chance to change the “slow learner” label I would not have hesitated to rebrand it considering the adverse impact it caused on my attitude towards Mathematics. I developed a hatred attitude towards the subject which translated to failure even in my final exams. If only the teacher encouraged me to put efforts instead of labeling me, I guess I could have considerably improved on the subject. Studying abroad was one of my…
GROUP DECISION MAKING Challenges are at times disruptive to the success of any group. Group problem solving is the process of conveying together participants who through their logical decision making capabilities can impact the outcome of the problem. Based on the story line of the “12 angry men”, a play acted in New York City court of Law jury in the year 1957; there is a murder case presented of a boy who is accused of killing his father. It is clear that incase the boy is proved guilty; the mandatory sentence is a death penalty. All the jurors in this panel presume the obvious, that the defendant is guilt out of the two witnesses, the Old man and a woman. Contrally to the presumption, the six steps to group problem solving process played a very crucial role to changing the outcome of the case which otherwise would have been a direct death penalty to the accused boy. Defining and analyzing the problem The problem in this scenario is determining the fate of the accused boy, whether the boy…
The Constitution The government has three arms, and the most powerful is the Congress. The congress is tasked with making laws that guide the countries internal and foreign policies. The Congress makes laws that offer checks and balances for other arms of government. Further, it guides how to pursue foreign spending and declares on war issues. The antifederalist was keen to highlight the need for a bill of rights to afford the liberty for all citizens. The constitution is a living document since it guides the three arms of the government and in the event, achieve a level playing ground that ensures the country moves towards the same direction. The Congress is the strongest arm of the government since it defines the laws that govern the country. The judiciary relies on the laws that the Congress has put forth to come up with decisions. The executive has to seek Congress input for any internal or external policy they wish to take action. Therefore, the Congress sets the theme and determines what is good for the country at any one given…
capital structure The term capital structure is used to refer the structure of the firm based on its capital mixture of the company’s equity, its debts and the companies financing in general. The most important point of studying or the application of the capital structure of the firm is to show the appropriate combinations that are crucial in the company’s equity and its debt. The primary purpose of this is to produce the best out of the measure of the market value of the firm and the capital of the company in general (De jong 2011, p1308). When it comes to pecking order theory, the explanations to the corporate finance show that every cost that is incurred in the firm is asymmetrically related to an inevitable increase in the financial information thereof. Pecking order theory is based on the sources of the finance of any firm which are the equity, the company’s debts and the internal sources of funds (Brusov et al 2013, p99). The method is also referred to as the pecking order model and explains the necessity of…
extent of contemporary relations between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China determined by economic interests Introduction On January 1st, 1979, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations, ending 30 years of abnormal conditions. (Edward, 2009) This is a landmark event in the history of bilateral relations, thus opening a new chapter in bilateral relations. Meanwhile, it has exerted a significant and far-reaching influence on the international situation and world pattern. In the contemporary world, the fundamental relationship between countries is one of interest. “A country does not have permanent friends, only permanent interests.” (Cuiping, 2017) This sentence was used to describe the relationship between countries, which now has become a fundamental principle of state-to-state relations. This essay will discuss the extent of contemporary relations between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China determined by economic interests. Overview of the impact of China-US relations China is the largest developing country in the world with abundant labor resources, cost advantages, a broad market, and unlimited development potential. Even though China has always…
Plan International: Performance Measurement, Assessment, and Program Evaluation Description of Evaluation’s Purpose and Mandate The purpose and mandate of Plan International’s Policy evaluation are clearly stated. From the onset, the overall purpose and scope of the evaluation are clear. There is a clear direction on why the assessment is necessary. It is to investigate the impact and outcomes of Plan International’s strategy on gender equality and inclusion and, consequently, find ways of improving it. The scope of the evaluation is clearly stated. It is from 2011 to 2016. Essentially, it extends from the development of the Gender Equality Policy up to the implementation of the strategy. For effective evaluation, the involvement of Plan International’s full scope is imperative. This calls upon involvement from International Headquarters, National, Regional, Liaison, and Country Offices. The evaluation has two main broad objectives: accountability and learning. In reference to accountability, the evaluation assesses and gives feedback on the quality and outcomes of the Policy and Strategy of Gender Equality. In regards to learning, the evaluation seeks to bring out a clear understanding of the changes…
Taxing pollution Versus Selling Permits for Transferrable Pollution Permits Pollution taxes and transferrable pollution permits are the two main strategies that policy makers are using to check emission levels by firms and countries. Pollution taxes refer to direct payments to the government for emission bypassing a set limit. Such an intervention forces the firms to minimize the amount of pollutants that they release into the surroundings such that they restrict emissions to the most efficient ones. On the other hand, transferable permit strategy operates in a market structure such that the level of pollution by a particular firm is controlled by forces of demand and supply of the permits. In other words, a company can only emit to the extent that it can purchase permits for the emissions. Hence, the cost implications of permits compel organizations to adapt pollution policies that reduce pollution in a way that is least costly to them and the society. The benefits of pollution taxes are many. Firstly, they involve less transaction costs compared to transferrable permits. Secondly, they generate income for the home country…
Were the British the true villains of the American Revolution? The American Revolution was one of the unique events in British royal history. Even though this reality is often dismissed in American history classes, there were numerous other British provinces in America, including the different Canadian states (Quebec, Nova Scotia, St. John, Newfoundland), West and East Florida, and states in the Caribbean, all of which didn’t revolt even with the equivalent more prominent majestic overextend and expanded tax assessment (Bailyn, 2017). Yes, I agree with the fact that the British were the true villains of the American Revolution. Immediately the British set foot on the American soil, they amassed a considerable debt that resulted from the costs of supplying, funding and building an army in general. With the expectations that the Americans would settle the debt, the Parliament came up with a series of acts of taxation as a way of improving the debt situation. Americans began to demonstrate and riot while maintaining that their Parliament could make laws, but only those elected as representatives should tax them. As a…
HOW THE AFRICAN AMERICAN RECONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCE FUNDAMENTALLY AFFECTED THE STATUS OF THE GROUP Introduction and Thesis Statement The history of Black people in the united states of America is a long and complex one that had a lot of events and experiences that greatly impacted and shaped the history and future of African Americans in the united states. While the black people in northern America had quite a number of experiences which critically fundamentally affected their status as a people, Reconstruction remains to be one of the most important and memorable of them all. The Civil war, which happened in the 18th century, had two critical periods surrounding it, the prewar era and the post-war era, which was the reconstruction era. The events surrounding the civil war were a critical component as far as the shaping of the African Americans’ destiny was concerned. The effects of the aftermath of the experiences which African Americans went through are actively experienced today in the modern world. This paper seeks to explore the critical effect that Reconstruction had in shaping the destiny of…