challenges associated with public and patient involvement in research activities

 challenges associated with public and patient involvement in research activities

The research question for the quantitative study requires discussing the potential and the challenges associated with public and patient involvement in research activities concerning health issues. The discussion is conducted from a statistical dimension carried out at particular stages in the process of quantitative research. Quantitative research methods are comprised of various activities. Such activities include the process of sampling, collection of measurements, analysis of statistical data, and, more so, distinguishing between direct and indirect public and patient involvement in quantitative research methods. On the other hand, the research question for the qualitative study the experience of family members and their influence on the transfer of patients from nursing centers to hospitals. The problem also seeks to identify how family members are involved in the decision of shifting patients from nursing homes to hospitals.

The main difference between qualitative and qualitative research methodologies is observed, like sampling processes, measurement, and statistical analysis. One characteristic of quantitative methods of conducting research is that the approach aims at providing accurate and fair estimates of the parameters from the interest of the whole population. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods require that the research be conducted on a large and random sample of data collected from the entire community. However, it is quite challenging to have a sample size that represents all aspects of the population. This is a limitation of the method of research because the results obtained cannot be used to describe the nature of the entire community. More so, a considerable sample size means that there are possibilities of repetition hence compromising the accuracy of the results obtained from the research.

The design for research conducted by qualitative methodology is usually distinctively different from that of quantitative analysis. Quantitative models are generally descriptive or experimental. In descriptive design, measurements are taken from subjects only once. The expressive design is focused on defining the existing relationships between the variables involved in the study. The experimental design focuses on identifying causality between the various variables used in the study. The subjects in the innovative design of quantitative research are measured twice, which is usually before and after treatment. There are several designs for qualitative research methods. According to the two studies provided, the hypothesis for the quantitative research study states that patients’ involvement in health research improves the accuracy of the output of the study. On the other hand, the hypothesis from the qualitative research states that family members have a significant influence on the decision to transfer patients from nursing homes and hospitals.

In the qualitative study, the methods used for the collection of data included well-organized and systematic research of various literature. The sources were peer-reviewed to enhance the credibility of the data used in the study. For the Quantitative research study provided, the methods of data collection included a literature review from credible peer-reviewed sources. There was the use of special tools for obtaining data supplied from the JBI tool. The device played a significant role in the process of extraction for data on the author’s information. This data included publication year, country of origin for the author, the area of interest of the study, participants of the study, the setup environment under which the research was conducted, and the significant findings from the survey.

The results from the qualitative research study were as follows. Findings from the study report that members of a family associated with a patient undergo decision making even before getting hospitalized. The results indicate that the decision to transfer patients from nursing centers to hospitals is influenced by family members, hospital, and NH-related factors. However, the results suggest that the level of involvement of family members in the process of making decisions for transferring patients varies from zero involvement to when they demand personal preferences. The reports indicate that most of the decisions were, however, discussed with medics and nurses.

The research took into consideration the need for accuracy and credibility of the findings from the studies. Most of the research was done based on material obtained from research articles conducted by other researchers. However, much care was taken to ensure that all the sources used were peer-reviewed. It guarantees the credibility of the data used to do the research. Note that the type of data used in the study affects the quality of results obtained directly. It is, therefore, essential to ensure that the kind of data used is from credible sources. The credibility of literature work is only guaranteed when the sources for the literature work are peer-reviewed. There was the use of special tools for obtaining data provided from JBI. This tool was used to ensure the credibility of the findings from the research. The tool played a significant role in the process of extraction for data. It helped to identify details such as

author’s information,

publication year,

country of origin for the author,

the area of interest of the study,

participants of the study,

the setup environment under which the research was conducted and the significant findings from the survey.