Concepts of computer networking
A computer network includes a group of computers linked by physical media (wired) or uses various wireless protocols to share resources. Computer networks are essential for all contemporary organizations because they provide quicker, easier access to any data that can be digitally represented and stored. When a group of interconnected computers with no computer occupying a more superior position, they form a network referred to as a peer-to-peer network. Every device can communicate with all the other machines on the network in this form of the network, but usually, each stores its own files and runs its applications.
On the other hand, there exist Client-Server Network in which one or more node referred to as a server, on behalf of other machines (clients) performs critical functions such as user authentication, storage of data, and running massive, shared, resource-intensive applications such as databases and software for the management of client relationships (CRM). Another network type that has been on the rise is a cloud network in which an organization involves a third-party vendor to host their applications, data, and any other resources on their servers (Kamila, 2017). The organizations manage the resources through a web browser. This kind of network is cheaper, simpler, and greener than the Client-server network since organizations do not buy, power, or maintain the servers. Don't use plagiarised sources.Get your custom essay just from $11/page
In a computer network, there exist protocols that are set of guidelines used by vendors and manufacturers to ensure network components compatibility across multiple platforms. According to Reynders & Wright (2003), the network protocols include; Ethernet over twisted-pair (IEEE 802.3) that determines how cables are designed, the connectors used and how much data can be shared via an Ethernet network, 802.11b / g / n which is the standard protocol used by any network infrastructure for wireless (Wi-Fi) technology, and TCP/IP which is a set of protocols that are used for data transmission over computer networks.
Components of a computer network.
The components of computer networks constitute both physical parts and the software required to build computer networks. Hardware components include the following;
Servers- Are computers of high configuration which manage the network resources. Usually, the network operating system is built on the server, allowing users access to the network services
Clients- These are computers that request and receive server service to access and use network resources.
Peers – Are computers which provide and receive services from other peers in the network of the working group.
Transmission Media- Are the channels through which data is transmitted over the network from one computer to another. Examples include fiber optic cables, coaxial cables.
Connecting Devices – Binding the network media together serves as middleware between networks or computers. They include routers, bridges, repeaters, switches, gateways, hubs
Software components include operating systems and protocols. The operating systems usually are installed on the server to enable workstations to share resources, while protocols are the rules followed by the computers for data communication.
Components of Internet Protocol version four (IPV4)
An IPv4 address is divided into two parts: a network portion – to identify the specific network on which a host resides, and a host portion – to identify specific hosts on a network. A subnet mask is used to determine the length of each portion
When to assign a static IP address.
Static IP addresses are the addresses that never change once they are assigned to a node. Usually, the number remains the same until the system is down or the network architecture changes. Static IP can be assigned when setting up servers, a second router to the network, shared printer, and forwarding ports to certain network devices.