Describe the anatomy and physiology of the body system.
- Human anatomy refers to the scientific study of the structures of the body.
- The two areas of specialization in anatomy are macroscopic and microscopic anatomy.
- The study of visible, large body structures without the aid of magnification is referred to as macroscopic anatomy. In contrast, microscopic anatomy deals with the observation of small structures with the use of a microscope.
- It includes cytology, which studies cells and studying of tissues knows as histology.
- Two approaches are used by anatomists in the study of body structures: systematic anatomy and regional anatomy.
- Physiology studies how physics and chemistry organizations work together in the body to sustain functions of life such as movement and reproduction.
- It includes manipulations and measurements, as well as an observation with both the naked eye and the Microscope.
- Physiology centers in homeostasis, which is the steady internal condition maintained by living things.
How is it determined that this body system is healthy?
The body system is determined to be healthy through homeostasis.
Homeostasis keeps a stable, moderately continuous setting due to the tendency to resist change. It involves a positive response and a negative response.
The negative response counteracts changes of various things from their target values known as setpoints; for example, regulation of glucose concentration in the blood.
Positive feedback loops initiate stimuli by amplification. It’s uncommon but occurs during lactation, childbirth, blood clotting, and sexual orgasms. In lactation, production of milk increases in response to a rise in nursing.
Name of disease
Bell’s palsy
Etiology of the disease
Bell’s palsy is a disorder causing short-term weakening of the muscles in the face. It occurs when the seventh cranial nerves swell (Mettle A.S.A. et al. 2019). The exact cause of this condition is unknown, but it is believed to be triggered by a viral infection.
The development of Bell’s palsy is associated with various viruses. They include herpes simplex causing genital herpes and cold sores, Lyme disease caused by infected ticks, herpes zoster virus causing shingles and chickenpox, and sarcoidosis, which causes inflammation of the organs.
Signs and symptoms
The symptoms appear abruptly one or two weeks when having a cold, ear contagion, or infection in the eye. Their appearance is abrupt, and one may notice when they wake up in the morning or when eating. Bell’s palsy has marked the incapability to open or close the eye, and one side of the face appears to be droopy.
Other signs and symptoms include facial weakness, headache, dry eye, and mouth and muscle twitching in the face.
Diagnostic measures
During diagnosis, the doctor first performs a physical examination, which will determine the extent of the facial muscle weakness. The patient is then asked about their symptoms, including when first noticed or when they occurred. When diagnosing Bell’s palsy, the doctor uses a variety of tests. They include blood testing to check for the existence of a viral infection. The doctor also checks the nerves in one’s face using an M.R.I. or C.T.
Disease risk factors
The risks for developing Bell’s palsy increases when one is pregnant have a lung infection, diabetes, and a long family history of the condition.
preventative measures and treatment
Bell’s palsy symptoms improve without treatment. However, it takes several months or weeks for the face muscles to regain their normal strength. The procedures, which help one in recuperating, include medication and home treatment.
Home treatment comprises facial massage, physical therapy for stimulation of the eye muscles, and placing a warm or moist towel over the face.
Medication involves taking of corticosteroid drugs to reduce inflammation, using eye drops, and over the counter painkillers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, which relieves mild pain.
References
Reich, S. G. (2017). Bell’s palsy. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 23(2), 447-466.
Mettleq, A. S. A., Dheir, I. M., Elsharif, A. A., & Abu-Naser, S. S. (2019). Expert System for the Diagnosis of Seventh Nerve Inflammation (Bell’s palsy) Disease.