Displaced persons
Displaced persons are people who have been forced to flee their areas of residence and are often referred to as refugees. There are two major types of displaced person, internally displaced and refugees. Internally displaced persons commonly abbreviated as IDP are persons are those who are forced to flee from their home but are still within their country orders, while refugees are persons who have been forced to flee or leave their areas of residence and have crossed international borders. Involuntary or coerced movement of people or away from their residential area
There a number of factors that may cause displacement of persons. Majorly it’s either natural disasters such as drought and famine, floods and earthquakes, systemic violence such as war and conflict, or development projects. There is still no public entity dedicated to monitoring forced migration, much fewer policies in place to provide protection and fair compensation for those displaced. Instead, institutional responsibility and associated resources are scattered across different ministries and departments in various countries.
There are a number of challenges that displaced persons are likely to face in their new areas of settlement. Among them being overcrowding, which most subjects the persons to communicable diseases. Lower levels of political participation in comparison to members of the host community, who have better established political networks. The unsteady income they generate through the informal employment sector
Cultural tourism is the movement of persons for essentially cultural motivations such as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other cultural events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and pilgrimages (WHO, 2017).
Brazil is a powerhouse on the cultural tourism segment, ranking eighth in the world in terms of cultural potential, according to the World Economic Forum. In a recent report, the WEF highlighted Brazil’s diverse offer of sporting events, business tourism activities, and folklore of the different Brazilian regions as the main attractions. The report also indicated that Brazil’s competitive prices for airline tickets and hotel rates are also important factors driving tourist inflows. Brazil’s visitor infrastructure is ranked 39th in the world. A total of 6.3 million foreigners visited the country in 2017.
However, cultural tourism has both pros and cons when it comes to the area and the indigenous people living in it. Some of the pros of cultural tourism include increased income and revenue, which in return, boosts the area’s economy and thus reducing the cost of living. Promotes the conservation of historical and tourist attraction sites as they have to be constantly looked after by the host to ensure they are still in order (Araújo, 95). Cons of cultural tourism include; the community host risks loss of its own culture as a result of intermarriage with the tourists. There is also an increase in criminal activities and prostitution with the tourists.
Amazonian dams being constructed in Brazil has an environmental and social impact on the residents of the affected areas (Peiran, 120
). Displacement of the human population that inhabits the areas chosen for flooding is one of the most immediately evident impacts. The dam allows the residents to practice all year round irrigation, which also contributes to the rise of the water table. There is also ecosystem disruption as a long term effect of the dam construction. In terms of cultural changes, the dams are likely to lead to cultural erosion as a result of the displacement of some residents as well as the invasion of new communities, which will result in intermarrying with the indigenous community.
Citations
“Otherness in Context”: a Guide to Anthropology in Brazil
Mariza Peirano – Departamento De Antropologia, Universidade De Brasília – 2004
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Dams in the Northeast of Brazil: Dnocs Experience in Dams in Semi-arid Region
José Araújo – Ministry Of Interior, National Dept. Of Works against Droughts – 1982
Who | World Health Organization
https://www.who.int
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