Existentialism and Humanism Analysis
The reproaches and critics (Sections 2-4)
Christian critics argue that Sartre’s doctrine of existentialism is a pessimistic philosophy that lacks hope for the afterlife. They also view this philosophy defies moral judgments in the present life by claiming that anyone can do whatever pleases them, even if it is immoral, as long as they are capable. Christians also deem existentialism as a materialistic philosophy that does not acknowledge the significance of the spiritual world. Communists, on the other hand, Sartre’s doctrine for hindering collaborative efforts by focusing too much on individual subjectivity. They also argue that this is a contemplative philosophy that cannot breed any substantial action.
Definition & elements of existentialism and Sartre’s view on human nature (Sections 5-6)
Sartre defines it as a philosophical doctrine that advocates for humans to determine their values, identity, and purpose through daily actions. Sartre views humans as projects that define their projections by imagining what they are, what they will be, and what they would like to become. Don't use plagiarised sources.Get your custom essay just from $11/page
Christian & atheist existentialists and how they differ (Sections 7-8)
As an atheist existentialist, Sartre acknowledges his similarity with Christian existentialists by pointing out that the humans’ existence precedes their essence. However, Sartre distinguishes himself from Christian existentialists by arguing that humankind’s essence should not be predetermined before their existence. In his argument, he points out the fact that God determines man’s essence and objectives before they are created. Sartre believes that a summation of their daily actions should determine people’s significance, as opposed to God’s will upon creation.
Problems of having a human nature conception (Section 9)
Sartre argues that human nature conceptions do not acknowledge the distinct qualities of each individual. He compares this to the case of the artisan, who predetermines the purpose of the pen-knife before designing the product. This implies that God defines human’s essences before their existence.
Other definitions of existentialism (Section 10)
This is a philosophy that argues that subjectivity is an inevitable condition. It also implies that every truth and action entirely relies on a suitable environment and human subjectivity. Existentialism is what grants humans the freedom to make individual choices.
Existentialist vocabulary (Section 11)
Sartre defines specific existentialist terms such as anguish, abandonment, humanism, and despair in this section. Anguish is the emotional pain caused by being subjected to act according to the established moral responsibility. Abandonment refers to when people are being condemned for making choices freely without adhering to God’s will and moral laws. When mentioning despair, Sartre refers to people who hope for God’s miracles that they cannot reasonably predict. Responsibility is a collection of facts that determine the meaning of our lives in the world.
The significance of choosing in existentialism (Section 12)
Sartre argues that humans have radical freedom, which should not be limited to fixed universal morals. People should be allowed to make choices independently as this builds their characters. This absolute power is what makes people entirely responsible for their decisions.