History Of The Moon 

History Of The Moon

 The Moon is said to have come into existence around 4.51 billion ages ago, which was not a long time before the Earth’s formation. This is according to scientists and Researches, but on the other hand,  some people tend to believe in myths and religions that the creation of the Moon is a phenomenon, and no one can clearly explain how it comes to existence (Barboni , Boehnke, Young & Mckeegan 2017). The Moon is sometimes referred to as Luna, and it happens to be an astronomic feature that revolves the Earth beings; it is an only eternal natural satellite. The Moon is the second heaviest feature in the cosmological system in the list of all other satellites in which their densities are known. This paper seeks to explain the history and facts of the Moon.

Development of the Moon

The Moon of the  studies shows that the moon was made after the planet earth had a massive collision with the big sized body in space known as Theia.” From the impact of the Earth colliding with   Theia ”.There were some materials that were released in the orbit of the Earth that joined together eventually to form a large mass, which is the Moon (Mazrouei, Bootke, Parker & Gernon, 2019). The evidence of this is proved by the deep crack that is visible on the outlying side of the Moon that displays that the Moon was formed from different binary bodies, which is the astronomical body.

There is a common center that binary stars tend to orbit. The primary start is known for its brightness, but the secondary star seems to be deemer, which is classified as A and B, respectively. In some instances, these stars tend to have the same brightness based on the design of discovery granted to these stars. The visual binaries are were first set of stars in the binary category. A scientist called Galileo Galilei was able to turn his telescope in 1617 to the handle of the second star with the Big Dipper, thus discovering a single star that was appearing as two stars. In the end, these stars turned out to be six. In another instance, Sir William Herschel, in 1802, was able to form a catalog of stars in 700 pairs. He was applying the binaru term to reference double stars.

In the early days, it is said that there were a lot of impacts within the solar system, and these impacts released gigantic materials that finally formed the surface of the Moon. Due to these reactions, the outer parts of the Earth were worn out, and that’s the reason why it is made up of hot Magma (Barboni, Boehnke,  Young & Mckeegan, 2017). The semi molten and molten rock from magma with gasses, solids, and crystallized minerals. The research study indicates that magma is located beneath the earth’s surface. Also, magma is thought to exist in terrestrial planets, which tends to appear beyond the solar system. The temperature of magma is between 1,292 and 2,372 Fahrenheit. Some of the platonic materials formed on the Earth are still found on the Moon, which evidently shows that the Moon was formed from some of the Earth’s substances that fell off during the enormous impacts on the orbit.

Figure. The collision of the earth with Theia

The appearance of the Moon on the Earth’s surface

            The synchronous movement of the Moon with the Earth makes it possible for the Moon to show only one side of the globe, which is the close side. The lunar is the second brightest celestial feature that appears in the sky after the sun. The Moon is in real sense dark, though on the Earth’s sky, it looks very bright ( Mazrouei, Bottke, Parker & Gernon, 2019).

The illumination for Moon that is perceived on the Earth’s surface comes from the replication for sunlight on the lunar. The Moon reflects only a small percentage of the sunlight that reflects the surface. The concurrent rotation for Earth and the Moon around the sun allows the Moon to appear in diverse shapes when observed from the Earth’s service.

The moon partially appears on the side of the sun, which means only half of it is reflected on the Earth’s surface. The moon appears to be brightest when it form 180 degree with the sun, at this point, there is a Full Half of Moon is well reflected by the sun on the Earth’s surface, which is called the Full Moon. In most cases, people tend to think that it is totally not visible. The Moon is known as a New Moon when it is in the middle of the Earth and the sun. This means that the satellite cannot be reflected on the Earth’s surface; this becomes invisible. The time when there is a new moon at the Earth’s horizon, the moon is perceived as a silver lining reflecting sunlight. The moon tends to form specific locations with obit of the earth when there is an instance of full and new moon appearance. Greenwich England is the time in which Universal Coordinated Time is used by astronomers. People on earth tends to appear on time zone, which is offset with coordinated time.

Figure 2.Trifecta

This is the reflection of the full Moon in California an early in the morning. This is a morning time that the moon has three effects, which is called Trifecta. It appeared like a Full Moon, then Super Moon into eclipse (Barboni, Boehnke, Young & McKeegan 2017). A Super Moon is that it appears like a Full Moon, and then halfway, it seems like a New Moon on the surface of the Earth.

Why the Moon appears in different colors?

The Moon, in most cases, is perceived from the Earth’s surface to be in different colors, and this includes red, blue, orange, yellow, and grey (Mazrouei, Bottke, Parker & Gernon,2019). The Moon appears red when there is a lunar eclipse; this is the time the sun is positioned between the Moon and the sun. The Earth prevents the sunlight from getting to the surface of the Moon reflects red due instead of being fully dark due to the few sun rays that are reaching the lunar surface. The Moon also appears blue sometimes, which is a rare occurrence, just like the saying goes “once in a blue Moon”(Mutch, 2015). In fact, this cliche is totally right because the blue Moon shows up rarely. Unlike other Moon colors, a blue Moon can show up in any of the lunar phases because the Moon color turns blue due to the smoke and the dust particles accumulating a lot in the atmosphere. This smoke and dust particles must be big, so this causing the scattering of light hence altering the tint of the Moon. In most cases, the blue moon shows up when there is volcanic eruption or when there is a big forest fire.

The Moon can also show up in orange or yellow color when it nears the Earth’s surface. These are the times when we see the Moon at the horizon appearing yellow or orange. The Moon is near the Earth’s surface means that it is light has to penetrate through the dust particles, smoke, and pollution, so this was interfering with the tint of the Moon. This particle scatters the shorter wavelengths leaving the longer wavelengths reach the Earth’s surface properly. The appropriate time to experience this color of the lunar is when there is a full Moon. The grey Moon is the utmost common color of the Moon, which we can perceive daily. It happens when there are no activities on the solar system that are affecting the Moon. The grey moon appears to have some patches that are dark grey (Mutch 2015). These areas represent the volcanic activities that occurred, and lava solidified and covered up most of the craters. The lava was there formerly are known as a mare. Moon and Earth tend to have a volcanism difference due to the existence of major physical variation. First, the one-sixth of the Earth is formed by lunar gravity.

The moon tends to have weak lava flow forces. This means that there are fluid mare lavas that form in both smooth and flat mare surfaces. There is a possibility for both mare to extends to the large area since they easily flow. The Earth and Moon tend to have debris that is thrown by explosive eruptions with low gravity fall. There are broad flat layers in the moon where such explosive tends to extend with a cone shape features. As such, large volcanoes are not visible on the moon. Second, there is no dissolved water on the moon. There is dry bone in the lunar mare. In contrast, earth lavas have water as the most emminent gasses. Violent eruptions are driven by water from the earth. The lunar volcanism is affected by insufficient water on the earth’s surface. There is a violent explosion in the moon when there is insufficient water. The lava tends to flow freely and smoothly when there is water on the moon’s surface.

Why the Moon looks big, and is it spherical?

            The Moon appears big due to the Moon illusion. Scientists have it that the Moon seems big due to the angle at which it is reflected. For example, the Full Moon is reflected at the horizon where it appears to be near the Earth, and the sky is high up. The nearer it is the Earth’s surface, the bigger it is perceived. This enables the people to see the appearance of the Moon is big and large.

Figure 3: The shape of the Moon

On the other hand, psychologists have it that the size of the Moon depends on people’s perception, and it is an illusion. Different people can perceive the Moon different, especially on size, but the most important thing is to be able to view the terrain accurately. The Moon appears to be nearly spherical because of gravity (Mazrouei, Bottke, Parker & Gernon, 2019).

The force of gravity is the force that pulls towards the center. Gravitational pull can cause the rock on the Moon and small asteroids to break, so this means it is the effect of gravity is very heavy. Gravity pulls the Moon towards the Earth after that altering it is shaped to make it look a bit spherical, but due to the fact that it is still rotating around the sun, it flattens.

Is the Moon hollow?

            The hollow Moon hypothesis states the Moon is either fully hollow or contains big space in the interior. There is no clear evidence that supports this hypothesis. The theory of the Moon being hollow was first written in the fictional books in the early days, but there has never been proved that the Moon is entirely hollow ( Rufu, Aharonson & Perets, 2017). The aspect of the Moon being hollow is an invention of Aliens civilization. This was a belief that was there in the early days, and up to date, it has never been declared to be true or false.

There is a description that the associate moon with feminine energy and divine where the female counterpart is the sun. This means it is associated with changing tides, beautiful eclipses, cosmoc phenomena, and future staging area for Mars. When we check the moon with a close lens, there is a number of aberrant features that indicate some design of hollow, thus suggesting a secret moon base.

In conclusion, the Moon remains to be a phenomenon terrestrial body that no one can able to exhaust research about it. It appears to be one of the most beautiful terrestrial bodies that are perceived on Earth but were formed violently ( Nakajima & Stevenson, 2015). As stated in the above discussion, it is a fact that the Moon appears in different colors, which is a fantastic fact that most people do not know.

References

Barboni, M., Boehnke, P., Keller, B., Kohl, I. E., Schoene, B., Young, E. D., & McKeegan,          K.

4. (2017). Early formation of the Moon 4.51 billion years ago. Science advances, 3(1),  e1602365.

Mazrouei, S., Ghent, R. R., Bottke, W. F., Parker, A. H., & Gernon, T. M. (2019). Earth and

Moon impact flux increased at the end of the Paleozoic. Science, 363(6424), 253-257.

Mutch, T. A. (2015). Geology of the Moon: a stratigraphic view (Vol. 1382). Princeton

University Press.

Nakajima, M., & Stevenson, D. J. (2015). Melting and mixing states of the earth’s mantle after

the Moon-forming impact. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 427, 286-295.

Rufu, R., Aharonson, O., & Perets, H. B. (2017). A multiple-impact origin for the moon.   Nature Geoscience, 10(2), 89.