LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY & CHEMISTRY

LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY & CHEMISTRY

 Levels of organization of the body

There are six levels of structural organization in the human body, and all the levels of organization are associated with one another in various ways. This paper delves to explore the sex levels or organization of the body. The chemical level of the first level of organization in the body and it comprises of small atoms as well as molecules. All forms of matter comprising of the human body are composed of chemical elements. The human body has numerous chemical elements that comprise of; hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. These above mentioned chemical elements in the human body make up more than 85 per cent of the mass of the human body.  The cellular level of organization is the second one in the human body, and it comprises of the cells, which are the basic structure as well as functional units of an organism. The cell is said to be the smallest living unit in the human body(Cohen & Hull, 2019).

There are numerous types of cell in the human body, and all of them have unique functional and structural specialization. The third level of organization in the human body is tissue level, and it is made up of the tissue. Body tissues such as the muscular tissue are formed by specialized extracellular material as well as groups surrounding the cells. Organ level is the fourth level of organization of the human body, and it comprises of structures, organs as well as structures that are made up of two or more distinct types of tissue with specific functions and recognizable shapes, for instance, the brain. The fifth level of organization on the body is the system level, and it is formed by various body systems as well as related body organs with a common purpose, for instance, the breathing and cardiovascular system. The sixth level of organization in the human body is the organismal level, and it comprises of the body systems and the constituents of an organism which is described as a total living individual.

Major organs systems in the body

The eleven main organ system of the human body comprises of, the skeletal system that helps in the provision of structures and support to the body. The skeletal system also stores calcium, fats, mineral and calcium in the bone marrow. Examples of the skeletal system comprise of; the cartilage and the bones. The human body requires the skeletal system to be able to support us the human body when performing various activities such as; playing games, driving an automobile, all, examples, and climbing a staircase. The second system in the human body is the integumentary system, and its function is to provide protection and help in the regulation of body temperature while preventing water loss in the body. Examples comprise of elements of this system are the hair and skin.

The third body system is the muscular system, and its primary function is to help in the provision of body movements as well as the generation of heat upon contraction of the body muscles and the tendons. The muscles usually contract by undergoing an involuntary contraction. The muscle system of the body is important because it helps in maintaining our posture as well as stabilization of the joints of our body. The nervous system plays an integral role in the body by regulating the activities of the body, for instance, the movements of the body, consciousness, memory, consciousness as well as intelligence. The components of the nervous system comprise of; eye, ear, spinal cord, and the brain. An excellent example of the nervous system is the act of pulling the leg away from a hot pan. That is the reaction of the body to a stimulus, that converts every stimulus into a nerve impulse, and then the cells transmit the information all through the nervous system.

The endocrine system functions by secretion of hormones which help in the regulation of cellular growth, chemical levels and reproductive functions in the body in the body.  Components comprise of the pituitary, thyroid as well as other endocrine and organs functions, the human body can reproduce depending on the endocrine system since its function is to help in the growth, development and reproduction. The immune and the lymphatic system role is to help in returning fluid as well as proteins to the blood; this system also filters the lymph before it returns to the CVS. The immune system numerous cells that help in protecting the body against agents which cause various disease.

The lymph nodes of protects the body by removing foreign materials comprising of tumour cells and bacteria. It is very important to ensure that the immune system is properly functioning.  The respiratory system function is to exchange gas, regulating the level of blood Ph as well as the production of sound in the larynx. The components of the respiratory system comprise of; trachea, lungs and the air passages. The respiratory system is essential, and every living thing on earth depends on this system for survival. If an organism doesn’t have this system, then there will be no life. The main function of the respiratory system is to help in the exchange of gases. The digestive system is also another important system in the human body, and its function is breakdown food, help in the absorption of nutrients as well as the elimination of solid waste from the body.

The  Components of the digestive system comprise of; the mouth, small intestines, the esophagus, stomach, the rectum, anus as well as the accessory organs which comprise of the liver, salivary glands and the pancreas etc. The urinary system of the body helps in the production and elimination of urine in the body. It helps in the regulation of the volume of chemical compositions in the body. It also helps in the regulation of the production of the red blood cells. Components of the urinary system comprise of; urethra, bladder, kidneys and ureters. The urinary system mainly helps in the removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the body. The last organ system in the human body is the reproductive system, and its role is to produce gametes, development of the embryo and production of the hormone. The components of the reproductive system in females comprise of; uterus, vagina, ovaries as well as the uterine tubes while on the other hand, the parts of the reproductive system in males include of; penis, testicles,  epididymis as well as the vas deferens.

Structure of an atom

Atoms are made up of three major particles comprising of; electrons, neutrons and protons. These particles are important because they are responsible for the charge as well as the mass of the atoms. An atom has two major two regions; the nucleus, which is the centre of the atom and the outer region of the atom (Zhang et al.,.2017 ). The nucleus of an atom is the centre, and it contains the neutrons and the protons. At the same time, the outer region, also known as the shell of the atom is responsible for holding the electrons in orbit surrounding the nucleus. An atom is said to be the smallest possible amount of matter that still has the capacity to retain the atoms identity as a chemical element, comprising of a nucleus which is surrounded by electrons.

Chemical elements found in living systems.

            There are six chemical elements which are common in living things. They comprise of; oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur and phosphorous. The Atoms of the above-mentioned elements combine to form large molecules which in turn makes up the structures of the cell in the living systems; the cell performs many processes which are important in life. There are still other elements also play an instrumental role in ensuring that organisms are able to function properly, the elements comprise of; calcium sodium, chlorine, fluorine, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron.  An inorganic compound refers to any substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen. There are several examples of inorganic compounds contain only the hydrogen atoms, examples of such organic atoms comprise of; hydrochloric acid which is produced by the stomach and water. On the other hand, there are still other inorganic compounds that consist of only carbon atoms. An excellent example of such an inorganic compound is Carbon dioxide.

An organic compound refers to substances that contains both hydrogen and carbon. Living things usually synthesize organic compounds by breaking the covalent bonds in the organic compounds. It is important to note that hydrogen and carbon are the most abundant elements in the human body (Rovira & Domingo, 2019). Hydrogen and carbon combine in the foods consumed by the human body, in the chemical that fuels the functioning of the body and the compounds that make up the structure of the body structure. Examples of inorganic compounds in the body comprise of; water, carbon dioxide, bimolecular oxygen, acids, salts and basis. The inorganic compounds in the human body are important because they facilitate numerous functions. Examples of the organic compound in the body comprise of; lipids, nucleotides, carbohydrates and proteins. All these compound are important in the human body as they ensure that the body is able to function properly.

References

Cohen, B. J., & Hull, K. L. (2019). Memmler’s Structure & Function of the Human Body. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Rovira, J., & Domingo, J. L. (2019). Human health risks due to exposure to inorganic and organic chemicals from textiles: A review. Environmental research, 168, 62-69.

Zhang, X., Yan, C., Hang, J., Finci, L. I., Lei, J., & Shi, Y. (2017). An atomic structure of the human spliceosome. Cell, 169(5), 918-929.