Literature Review –Source Information and Analysis

Literature Review –Source Information and Analysis

1. Park et al., (2019)
2. Park, S. Y., Yang, S., Shin, C. S., Jang, H., & Park, S. Y. (2019). Long-term symptoms of mobile phone use on mobile phone addiction and depression among Korean adolescents. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(19), 3584.
3. In the given journal, the investigators are asking questions related to mobile phone addition and usage. The investigators are trying to understand the impact of mobile phone addiction among young boys and girls in modern Korea. They are conducting the research in order to know the depression rate across three different time points. Moreover, they are also interested in investigating the gender differences that exist in the longitudinal study. Across different time periods, the level of phone addiction, as well as the harmful effects of depression, is the purpose of the study.
4. The investigators have found from previous studies that there is a reciprocal relationship between depression and addiction to mobile phones. Hence, they have considered that association as the sub-section for the study. They want to identify the depressive symptoms as well as ways in which gender makes a difference in the level of phone addiction.

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5. The researchers have assessed primary data for conducting the study. The study is based on the analysis of longitudinal data only. Over a time period of four years, further investigation on gender differences and its association with phone addiction has been assessed. Three cohorts of data on Korean adolescents and children have been collected from the National Youth Policy Institute. In Time 1, they have considered 14-year olds. In Time 2, 16-year-olds were considered, and in Time 3, 18-year-olds were assessed. Using KCYPS, a longitudinal survey panel, data has been assessed.
6. The researchers have used a sampling technique for collecting data. The framework is known as “stratified multistage cluster sampling.” It is a feature of the KCYPS. The method has been chosen to narrow down the research and take information from relevant sources only. To identify the rate of depression, the researchers have used a “10-item Korean Manual of Symptom Checklist” or KMSC. They have also used the four-point Likert scale to record the responses of participants.
7. The researchers noted that significant differences exist between boys and girls in terms of mobile phone users, mainly when they are in school. However, when they are with family members, there is no difference. The findings suggest that girls tend to follow school rules more and value relationships. Boys, on the other hand, are completely addicted to their devices. The researchers have also explained that across the time period, i.e., Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3, the addiction levels of girls increased exponentially. Consequently, girls suffered from more depressive symptoms. They have successfully proved H1 or their first hypothesis. They have used the Structural Equation Model and proved that excessive usage and addiction are co-related. However, gender differences in terms of depression levels did not exist, and therefore, the findings do not support this hypothesis that the researchers have formulated before.
8. The researchers have formulated a conclusion that Korean girls are at higher risk due to excessive usage of mobile devices. Girls are likely to suffer more from depression in comparison to boys. The researchers also conclude that there exists a longitudinal relationship between addiction, depression, and the usage of phones. Hence, the study states the negative impact of over-usage, and it is necessary to develop intervention strategies. They have formulated initially two main hypotheses. The first one has been proved because Korean girls are literally more addicted to phones in comparison to Korean boys. The second hypothesis, or H2, has several subsections. These are H2a to H2e. Among these, H2a, H2b, and H2c were supported. H2d is not completely supported. H2e and H2f were completely invalid.
9. Yes, the researchers have conducted a three-year longitudinal study and have been able to answer each of their questions. They wanted to know the overall impact, addiction, and depression levels of Korean adolescents and have successfully identified the data from the study. They wanted to inquire about the gender differences and their relation to phone addiction across three-time spans. As per the analysis and findings, they have been able to answer their second query as well. They found that gender differences exist but at a minimal level.
10. The researchers have not formulated a conclusion by assuming something. Their goal was not to prove their pre-determined hypothesis. Instead, the purpose was to test the questions after analysing primary and first-hand data. Therefore, I am convinced that they have looked at different types of data such as data from 14-year-olds, 16-year-olds and 18-year-olds before coming to a conclusion. Moreover, the researchers have only considered those adolescents who used to own real mobile phones and experienced addiction or depression. Hence, the collected types of data can be regarded as authentic. Moreover, they have used SPSS for the analysis. It is an accurate tool in case of social research.

III. The data collection process was a bit complicated, as per my level of understanding. They have undoubtedly focussed on a range of high-level techniques to find the answers to the questions. However, focussing on repeatedly collecting the similar type of data is a bit time-consuming and irrelevant.

1. In the beginning, they have identified four major areas related to addiction, phone usage and depression. These are gender differences, longitudinal relationships, and bidirectional relationship and gender variations in case of the structural model. Therefore, after analysing their questions, it is clear that they have asked only relevant questions such as time spent in playing games and texting or messaging friends.
2. Yes, after considering the results and findings, it can be concluded that it was high-level research and answered the queries of the researchers.