Literature review:facility management

Introduction

 The standard procedure of employee’s occupational & safety health that helps to save the life of employees, which leads to save moral value of human beings, and an experienced facility manager of hard service leads the working place of his squad without any issues through his apt site visits regularly rather than an inexpert facility manager who always depends on the safety officers.  The well trained & experienced safety officer guides the facility manager to run the site / working place in well manner. The facility manager must aware the nature of duties and hazardous of the squad working under him. And, the facility management of hard service, which includes execution the tasks of Hvac, Electrical, Electronic, Plumbing & Mechanical, Bms and Civil, hence a facility manager who must well, acquainted the duties & responsibilities and hazards   of his squad whilst execution of tasks by his squad at working place. And so, the well framed Occupational health and safety procedure which facilitates to save the life of employees by employers.

Definition -What does Occupational Health and safety (OHS) mean?

1“Occupational health and safety (OHS) relates to well-being, security, and a prosperity issue in the place of work.OHS includes the bylaws, morals and values  and programs that  aim at creation the  better work place  for employees / workers, along with colleagues, family associates, clients, and other stakeholders. Educating a company’s occupational health &safety ethics ensures noble business, a better trademark image, and sophisticated employee self-esteem. “1

And Safeopedia expounds (OHS) the occupational Health and safety as

2“Occupational health and safety concern with addressing several types of place of work perils / hazardous such as,

Psychological fallouts, Ergonomics issues, biological agents, Chemical & Physical hazards and accidents

The standards of Occupational health and safety are in place to directive the elimination, decline or replacement hazards at working place/ site. OHS programs should also comprise material that aids diminish the special effects   of the hazards. Employers and company mamangmnet   are pleased to afford a harmless working atmosphere for all of their personnel “2

Thus, in facility management/ property maintenance mamangmnet of hard service, it is duty of a facility manager takes care of his subordinates through site’s Safety officer, but in most of the sites, there are no safety officers   , who do not deputize by employers. As a result, there is no proper occupational and safety health proceeuder, and it is not properly followed an account of lack awareness/ importance amid workforces and also lack of experience to the facility manager.

Keep an eye on, to the work forces‘s health through sit at Head office by a safety officer is not proper method, it needs to interact with various sites employees for preparing better Occupational and safety health procedures for taking care of employees even if there is common procedures ‘of occupational and safety health, which are following these days at various sites.

Hence, it is not duty of a facility manager, who sits at his chamber for execution of hard service of Occupational & safety Health procedures, and the facility manager has to observe their subordinates health through proper site visits whilst the work forces trouble shootings the break down maintenance calls and planned preventive tasks etc.

Safety officer responsibility

Facility management of the hard service which includes the execution of tasks pertain to  electrical, plumbing & mechanical, Building management Automation (BMS), HVAC,& electronics of the respective property through the relevant workforces, and the workforces are hired by the employer. Accordingly, it is duty of an employer to give complete wellbeing to their Employees’ .Hence an employer deputizes a safety officer for their employee’s wellbeing as per existing provisos the labor laws. And the general duties of a safety officer in facility management are such as,

• 3“Perform accident or incident investigation
• Execute to perform incident/ accident investigation
• Implement safety & health regulation and standard of company polices and procedure
• Notice work progress and declare safety equipments is worn and processes / procedures followed
• For correcting violation suggest for corrections and follow up
• Evaluate hazards and improve ergonomic risk valuations for public & nonpublic extents
• Improve regulates and strategies to diminish employee jeopardy
• Administer work-related wounds workers programs and workers reimbursements.
• Resolve grievances and propose to management for remedial action
• Warrant workforces safety training, , demos , class room lectures and hands on tutoring
• Appraisal accidents and propose to avert parallel futer occurrences
• Make chronicle reports on incidents.
• Familiarize with alternative processes on strategies and procedures of divisions
• Implement operative safety, hazard mechanism and industrialized sanitation program
• Assess hazards and propose for remedial deed and
• Understand, put on and elucidate appropriate safety and environmental rulings, codes and strategies. “3

As a consequence, a safety officer duties are most accountable and as a “watch dog “of a site, who must be more vigilance. The relationship amid safety officer and Facility manager / property manager always is not being in well manner due to their ego. An experienced facility manager is a specialist who must be familiarized all sort of hazardous because of his prolonged practice in a site, but a safety officer having more theoretical acquaintance; hence understanding among them is needful for wellbeing of employees.

As a result, there must be necessary for mutual understand amid safety officer and a facility manager along with supervisors including senior technicians of a site.

Building Manamgemt/ Automation technician) pilligram checked

4”A building Management system is computer focused control system which is always at huge construction/ building for monitoring equipments such as doors, air conditioning , video surveillance etc, and it is  also essential for maintenance of   mechanical and electrical equipment of a building “4

Due to monitoring, the building equipments   through Building Management systems of computer for long time and also improper breaks from the tasks, the BMS technicians may suffer by 5 “muscle joint pain, over use of injuries shoulder, arms, back & neck, headaches pain. Besides,  the illuminated computer screen / monitor which cause eye damage such as blurred vision, temporary inability on faraway of objects and headaches to   BMS technician”5

And the working place can be adjusted to suit of BMS technician such as height of screen, chair height for avoiding   suffering by the computer related injuries

Besides , Whenever getting alarm at B.M. system, it is duty to/of B.M.S technician to attend the complaint immediately, and inform to the respective section of hard services of facility mamangmnet according to the nature of issues, hence a BMS technician who has   potentiality to trouble shoot all kind of issues at initial level ,so he must have the occupation and safety health hazards as like as other hard service technicians  , it is necessary  for him  to be followed all safety rules and regulations as like as other technian of hard service .

Swimming pool technician / Operator (pilligram checked)

In general the swimming pool technician/ Operator suffers by the chemical agents, that add to the water at Swimming pool such as chlorine, Ozone, Disinfectants   due to inhalation of them.  Further, the swimming pool technician/operator is ill with the organic matter of human origin, protozoa (saprophyte), Amoebae, fungi also. (Corrected)

And , for avoiding suffers  by electric shock at areas of Wet & corrosive swimming pool , the swimming pool technicians  keeps the electrical & electronic equipments away from the premises of swimming pool ,and periodically check the status of the electrical installation  whether it  is earthed and bonded properly or not . During hot summer, for avoid to obtain injuries, it needs to check insulation /lag of pipe, marking of warning signs at pipe lines. (Corrected)

Besides,  “It needs to care the pool properly otherwise It should become breeding center for mosquitoes & insects, bacteria and algae which can carry disease, and mishandling of  the chemicals leads to question the safety of swimming pool operator because of monitoring the electrical connectivity equipments such as    filter , pump and mechanical parts lead to cause injuries/ death   .An account of suction drains, the swimming pool operator installs a “safety vacuum release system” that can be usually shut down the pumps whilst the drain acquires block, and it needs to pin up hairs or wear a swim cap due to many trap incidents occur hair getting trap in a drain .The Chemicals of pool always cause burns, injuries if it shall be mixed improperly, hence the swimming pool operator must be more vigilance whilst using week / strong chemicals in pool”.

An account of feeling burning sensation at nose / throat, feel dizzy, nauseous or vomit, difficult breathing whilst handling chemicals at pool, and it is indispensable to pool operator getting fresh air soon and obtain medical attention,  and apply large amount of water rather than using   the “dry chemical “fire extinguisher when the fire cannot extinguish instantly. Furthermore it needs   immediately clean up any chemical spills according manufactures’ direction at swimming pool premises”.

So, the swimming pool technician can take precaution steps avoid to suffer by illness and it needs to do medical checkup now & then and the applicable of electrical and plumber technicians’ occupational safety health norms is also applicable to them.

Sewage plant operator

Rather than other technicians in a site, a sewage plant operator physically & mentally suffers too much due to their tasks at sewage plant by 24/7 service and their service is unavoidable at facility management of hard service, and so the strictly following the occupational & safety health procedures, which saves their live without suffering by any disease in their futer life.

And “The sewage plant operator does not wear loose fitting cloth during working around machinery with moving parts because it causes serious injury or death, and rather than using open toe shoe, it is better to use rubber boot or leather shoe whilst removing the unwanted object from bottom of pole.  And Full cover goggles or face shields is most suitable, and the eye glass / hard ended lenses are not advisable instead goggles to swage operator. The complete head covering, it needs while handling acids, caustics, dry chlorine, ammonia at sewage plant premises.  Besides, the chorine and herbicide is commonly used chemical, and the chlorine is used for disinfection of effluent, the herbicide uses for control the weed. The granular chlorine,  table chlorine , house hold bleach are the  others forms of the dry chlorine , which are necessary to keep in dehydrated bowl with sealed cover to prevent  humidity interaction  through chlorine.

Furthermore, it is more cautious whilst releasing large volume of gas in a short time, and pile in an appropriate enclosure to avoid unlawful damaging with cylinders. The STP operator necessities to sweeping the valve at cylinder simply ¼ turn or as much as looked for attain the adequate gas drive to chlorinator. While operating of sea wage plant, the plant operator must be very cautious nearby the sludge collection and aeration tanks due to blustery of aerated water.

For avoiding hazardous situation, the sewage operator must be aware potential accident areas such as narrow walkways, steep stairways and uncovered aeration, it assists him to work   without any issues, and that the defects of the guard rails are to be carried out soon. The foundation is to be secured properly because the operating person executes duties in plant at whatever time. Also, there is proper / adequate lighting to the operating personnel at Indoor areas, which aids to perform tasks without any problems”

HVAC

“9It is necessary for HVAC technicians at site to learn how to assess the situation before attending either break down tasks or preventive maintenance tasks in order to identify the hazards / safety threads  , and the  short additional training program  in electrical is vital to them even though it is not part of the on the job training.

10“Spend some time in getting the job done, but also make sure not to rush things. Assess the situation first to prevent winding be injured” (page -2)

Normally, a HVAV technician has multiple tasks in various job sites, hence it is most indispensable to him depends on work order he must double check the equipments & necessary tools and their working conditions   such as strippers, wrenches .vacuum gauge, and it helps to reduce the chance of an injury. Whilst checking the equipment a HVAC technician who checks the equipment cleanliness, up dated status,   and make sure that it is necessary for replacement the equipment or not to keep him safely.

Besides, it is better to a HVAC technician at site who must take self-care during hot summer whilst working with Gas cylinder, due to high temperature, the gas cylinder generates very high pressure , hence the cylinder will be taken off and exploded as like as a rocket if it is failed or damaged .

11-For Example  “ due  to the heat generates during hot summer , the pressure of  R-410 gas cylinder reaches up to 366 psig “ , and  a large ,1500 Sqin  gas cylinder generates pressure of up to 549,000 Psig “(page 3)

And  the Wearing protective gears to the HVAC technician are most significant because the safety is first rather than others, a few gears to a HVAC technician at site are such as,

Face shield/Goggles which helps to protect a HVAC technician from HVAC / chiller liquids and chemicals, and the Respiration gears that help to shield whilst existing at site unsafe air contaminants, the hard cap facilitates to protect wherein the hard objects falling and that the shoes & boots protect the HVAC technician from falling and heavy objects, the safety glass stops to fall the flying objects and debris into eyes.

It is duty of employing contractor making sure equipment is in good working condition and also who always reminds to wear protective gears to prevent accidents and injuries such as hearing or eyesight lost or broken limbs.

The cleaning liquids, detergents, solvent and refrigerants are few chemicals, which are used in sites by most of the HVAC technicians who shall have serious health risks and causing injuries if mishandled, and it is better to the New HAVC / Chiller technicians get advice from respective site Safety officer, HVAC supervisors and senior technicians how to handle the most common HVAC system / chiller chemicals for own protection”9

The average noise level over a day for us is 85 Decibel, a above 85 decibel damages our hearing capacity and the normal conversation is typically situated in the 60-70 decibel ranges

hence “Noise reduction by means of a silencer/ sound proofing / acoustics insulation   that is needful to chillers/ cooling system at site for protecting the hearing capacity of employees,”

Thus, the site Incharge of property maintenance along with respective safety officer need to identify the Hazards in order to protecting employees after discussion with HVAC technicians/chiller technicians, supervisors.

Electronic

In order to making safe to  the electronic technicians at a site  whilst working with circuit which works with 120 VAC power from electrical out let , they need to be followed safety guidelines properly otherwise it leads to kill them .

It is common to an electronic technician who does not work on a circuit when the power is applied because it causes to death and until the circuit is finished the electronic technician does not connect power to a circuit.

And an account of ,avoiding major issues at site , an electronic technician   soon disconnects the power and examines the circuit for finding out what is wrong therein  as soon as who smells  anything burning, and it Is better to keep working area at site dry . During trouble shooting /attending complaints i.e. break down maintenance or Planned preventive maintenance calls, an electronic technician must wear safety Goggles. In spite of the large capacitors hold voltage continuously even after disconnected from power, the electronic technician be careful around the large capacitor, in addition  the hot soldering iron can easily burn hence an electronic technician be aware while soldering .

For avoiding consequent issues at a working place in site, an electrician always works in a well – ventilated space, thus who must keep the electronic workshops in a well – ventilated space, along with necessary equipments nearby premises such as fire extinguisher, first- aid kid, and phone.

Hence an electronic supervisor who must be familiar the occupational safety rules and regularization and its consequence for guiding his colloquies

Electrical Safety

15“The GFCI (ground fault current interrupter) is mandatory for electrician on every occasion  of electrical tasks using extension lights, tools (electrical ), card set etc  as it uses at all portable electrical tools, equipments below/ less  240 Volts whilst the equipments & tools use at  damp atmosphere. Besides it uses, not in lieu but in addition to, of the normal 4 / 3 wire equipments grounding conductor.  The lock out / tag out procedures are most vital to be followed in facility Management policy “15

,

15“ A lock out / tagout (LOTO) process is a security system using  to preclude unintentional or un approved admittance to  the power sources of electrical that are undertaking maintenance / further tasks . With this protected progression, all persons employed on the identical circuit or equipment have their personal locks and they secure against a detach device beforehand of starting to work the system. “15

16“Furthermore the electrician requires to  well  acquainted with the “PPE” (Personal Protective Equipments), tools and equipments for overhaul effort necessitating  to  numerous electrical items (Multi – Meter, Insulated hand tools, double insulated or grounded electrical tools, Lock out / Tag out services, and Without prior permition from supervisor, an electrician bares  to work at energized circuits greater than 240 Volts. The jewels, accessories / decoration, conductive tools, articles, equipments, which are not used or worn  because the electrician has  probable to interaction with the  unprotected, energized components.

And the portable power tools require being the three wire grounded type or double insulated.”

Plumbing safety-

“It is general duties to plumber who can connect / install, overhaul of pipes, fit & fix servicing the water supply, waste dumping, and heating system. Further the plumber also hauls supplies, assemble and cut sanitation materials, and usage the plumbing equipment and tools also.

And a plumber makes sure for his training on the potential hazards in the area who is assigned, and it is best advisable to plumber utilizing material safety sheets (MSDS) whilst working with new chemicals for familiarizing the chemical properties, well-being hazards, and the essential PPE(personal protective equipments)(checked )

Besides for avoiding exposure from sewage, a plumber wears cloves, coveralls, washing his hands, and decontaminating equipments after using, and obeys the confined space procedures, whilst entering into the plumbing work areas.  The appropriate / proper foot wear needs wear to plumber when a plumber works at wet environment to avoid slips, trips and falls, and the   power tools having a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) are safe a wet environment for avoiding electric shock . (no issue )

Furthermore the sewage decomposition by product such as the hydrogen sulfide and the oxygen deficiency creates Unhealthy atmosphere & levels so a plumber checks the air quality before initiating tasks. Due to hot equipment / apparatus parts, steam (vapour) lines, and discharge of boiling water / steam, a plumber can get burns, hence it is indispensable using insulating gloves (heat), face/ eye shield and check to drain pipes before open them active(checked ).

When a plumber feels any tingling for touching a metal pipe whilst working on it, it is better to stop task immediately, and in order to avoid the musculoskeletal disorder during working in awkward positions or performing repetitive manual task, a plumber uses proper techniques and keep back straight. “17

18 “In order to proper execution of  mechanical tasks, a mechanical technician must aware the three basic areas  of dangerous moving parts for  avoiding hazardous in working place / site  such as ,

The point of operation is the premises whereby the tasks are executing along with materials (on materials) I.e.  Boring / forming of stock, cutting, shaping, and the power remission apparatus / gadget, which are components wherein transmitting the energy to its parts in a mechanical system (for machine performing) such as connecting rods, belts, coupling , cranks ,  gear, pulley , flywheels . and that the other moving parts  which move while machines are working that are included revolving , reciprocating , transverse/oblique  moving parts  in addition to ancillary portion of machine , feed mechanisms,.”18

Mechanical machinery hazards

19“In facility management whilst executing of tasks, the machineries ensure to cause injuries/ hurts  which are   a minor cut ,  deactivating mutilation, overwhelming, amputation or another fatal injury. The Uniquely powered machines and the manually operated machines cause injuries if the machines, which are not properly safeguard.

Mechanical technicians who can be got injuries by machineries on account of

The Shearing hazard, that damages part of body, normally fingers or hands, amid moving and fixed portions of machines.  The cutting or severing hazard which happen over interaction with the cutting edges such rotating cutting disc/ as a band saw and an entanglement hazard happens, due to machines which grip unattached clothing, hair and working materials such as around revolving exposed parts of the machinery, emery paper, and that an impact hazard occurs because of moving part of machines directly strikes mechanical technicians.

And Due to ejection of sharp particles from machineries (a stabling or puncture hazard), and contact with a friction.”19

Painter

20“In property maintenance, whilst painting building interiors, a painter faces different environments and must be concerned with proper ventilation, lighting   , and during painting exteriors the inclement weather and people of site are closely related to him.  Hence ,   whereas execution of painting work a painter always be aware of surrounding, and clean a paint brush inside a bucket for protecting eyes from splattering paint, and that use gloves to protect skin against cleaning agents . Painters always use a proper ladder and not stand paint cans / chairs. Proper ventilation helps to avoid facing hazard at working place .For avoiding injuries by slipping, painter takes time to put down a trap and secure it to the floor with tape and also keep the warning signs at appropriate places. Further, it is most necessary releasing pressure by painter in paint gun for avoiding accumulation of pressure, and observes direction of wind during outdoors painting. A painter is sure of footing before setting up a ladder, scaffold / Hi ranger.  “

“And it is necessary the scaffolds and their components must be accomplished of supportive as a minimum four times the maximum projected load for accomplishment of painting tasks “  20

Carpentry 

It is common and also most necessary at a carpentry work shop to a civil supervisor / civil work forces every day morning check the arrangement of shop for avoiding accidents caused by bumping into object, and before operating a machine, a carpenter must follow safety rules such as

• Put on proper eye & ear protection such as safety glasses , goggles or full face shield
• Wear a dust mask or appropriate respirator, and check machine whether it is turned off or not before plugging it in, and check the blades of machine.

While operating individual machines, the civil work forces need to follow certain safety procedures for avoiding major incident such as,

Before operating the Table Saw, a carpenter must keep the track without sawdust, and avoid too much of wood at one time, and that the height adjuster of a Radial arm saw needs to use whilst machine running. There is high incidence of injury occurs to a carpenter uses a Chop saw, hence a carpenter does not hurry to keep down ward motion smooth, and does not push the blade through the wood .The sharpness of bit is to be checked before installing it in drill press, and not to leave the key in the chuck, it is necessary not adjusted the height of the drill press with a piece of wood. 21

Ladder safety

Wooden ladder is most usable for electrical devices and fixtures tasks rather than metal ladders, and by using solvent/steam cleaning, the slippery materials such oil, grease need to be cleaned, and the bottom of the four rails of a step ladder are to be insulated with non-slip material.

Whilst executing the civil tasks, the distance between the bottom of the ladder and the supporting point ladder need to be kept approximately one fourth of the ladder length, and only one person can be on the ladder at one time, never splice two ladders together to form a long one. The maximum height of person climbs on the ladder is the third step from the top. It is needed to use both hands and face ladder whilst ascending and descending ladder and at an elevated position (roof)

The side rails of a ladder prolong minimum 3 feet above the dismount position when dismounting from a ladder at an elevated position (as at a roof) , and do not place hand tools on a ladder .   22

Masonry

Masonry is an integral part of facility mamangmnet of property maintenance and masons use bricks, concrete blocks, concrete to build walls, walk ways, fences etc , the most common injuries to mason are

• falls Slips ,strips ,
• collapsing or cave in of excavation or walls , Falling objects ,
• ,exposure to noxious chemicals , Sharp or protruding objects
• Moving and  lifting or carrying heavy objects and
• Contact to dust

Therefore an experienced mason, who takes following preventive actions everyday such as ,

• Evade to contact with unhardened masonry  cement
• Wear watertight clothing and gloves to eradicate the possibility of skin contact
• Constantly binary – check the safety of portable electric apparatuses
• Mount well-made work surface
• Wear robust safety  along with anti –skid soles
• Clean hands meticulously at the end of every  day work shift  and
• Usage respiratory safeguard apparatus , like respirators & air masks

Therefore, while preparing the Safety proceeuder Manual, it is necessary to discuss with the respective supervisors and senior technicians of a site, and the facility manager goes through the previous accident report / incident reports for assisting to prepare the safety proceeuder manual to safety officer. Depends up on, the manpower and size of site, the execution of tasks may be varied, however the hazardous appearance to be more or less same to the work forces and  it is duty of Facility Manager who must over review  the weekly / monthly accident reports regularly , counsel all sections supervisors  and  senior technicians without fail. The Monthly and fortnight seminars / workshops, which conduct through the outsourcing expert for various sections, pertain how to face the hazardous without any issues, that leads to help to work force to execute the their tasks safely

Conclusion

The Facility management of hard service is a unit  of work and the workforce involvement is human beings oversee the machines for achieving targets towards the client, hence the employers needs to give more significant to defend their employees whilst execution of their tasks at site . Besides, the employees are not machines but social animals; hence employers frame the procedures of safety health through their experts without any bias and implement strictly to save their employees from various hazardous. The facility manager, as a watch dog of a site, must follow their workforces personally to save them from hazards through Safety officer, supervisors.

Hence, an experienced facility manager knows important of the human value and always gives more ethical worth their work forces safety rather than others factors and achieve the targets without any issues.

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