Management and leadership in nursing
DIscussion 1 Question 1
by Terasa Farlin – Tuesday, March 17, 2020, 7:36 PM
Number of replies: 1
A leader is a visionary thinking about the next direction an organization will need to explore, participate in the development of that vision into a strategic plan, and engage others in the direction and goals (Marquis & Huston, 2017, p. 40). Whereas a manager is focusing on the operational aspects of implementing components of the strategic plan as it applies to their specific department or area, develops policies, procedures, or protocols, provide direction or education and then will measure outcomes (Marquis & Huston, 2017, p. 40). I see more integration of leadership roles and management functions in my organization, and I agree with the statement in our reading that in order for “managers and leaders to function at their greatest potential, the two must be integrated” (Marquis & Huston, 2017, p. 53).
A nursing leader would be vital in helping grow and develop their team as well a move their organization toward the strategic goals which are likely focused on healthcare priority issues. The health priority issue of engaging patients and families in their care and health decisions (Dzau et al., 2017) would be successfully integrated into workflow if the democratic leadership style was utilized. The nurse leader must work within their discipline as well as others, which requires communication being shared and heard and decisions being made collaboratively for optimal patient outcomes (Marquis & Huston, 2017, p. 47).
References
Dzau, V. J., McClellan, M. B., McGinnis, J. M., Burke, S. P., Coye, M. J., Diaz, A., Daschle, T. A., Frist, W. H., Gaines, M., Hamburg, M. A., Henney, J. E., Kumanyika, S., Leavitt, M. O., Parker, R. M., Sandy, L. G., Schaeffer, L. D., Steele, G. D., Thompson, P., & Zerhouni, E. (2017). Vital Directions for Health and Health Care. JAMA, 317(14), 1461. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.1964
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. LWW.
Response
Hi Teresa, whereas leadership and management are interchangeably used terms in management, there is a difference between the two terms. According to Zheng (2019), leaders take risks while managers control risks. That is, leaders are innovation-oriented, encourage change, while they believe there could be better ways to handle issues even when things are working effectively. Managers, on the other hand, use stipulated organizational strategies and policies, while they refine systems, structures, and processes to make those strategies and policies better. Besides, managers set organizational goals and achieve them by working through their subordinates. They accomplish organizational objectives through planning, staffing, directing, organizing, coordinating, and budgeting resources, while leaders show the way by emulating a behaviour, they want their teams to emulate. Marquis & Huston (2017) stipulates that although there are several differences between management and leadership, they should be integrated into management for effective management of an organization. Organizational management should employ effective communication skills, be goal-oriented, and leaders and managers should motivate their staff, recognize success, and be accountable for their actions.
References
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. LWW
Zeng, Z. (2019). Different functions between leadership and management in today’s enterprises. The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology, 1(3).
Discussion 1 Q 1
by Alice Thiongo – Wednesday, March 18, 2020, 7:06 PM
Number of replies: 1
Management can be best explained to direct and lead an organization through the utilization and exploitation of reserves (Marquis & Huston, 2017). A manager’s principal emphasis is to meet managerial objectives & ideas, and they generally don’t take much into account. Managers are held accountable for their acts, as well as for the activities of their assistants. A leader alternatively is one who can inspire, changes the conduct and job of others in unit attempt regarding the accomplishment of objectives in each condition. Impact and motivation separate leaders from managers, not control and power. At the same, a good manager should be able to identify problems occurring in the unit. If this happens, the manager is expected to guide the team also advise senior leadership on how best to overcome such occurrences. The remedy must address both short term and long term actions.
One leadership that a nurse can use to manage the facility is Participative Leadership, which is also known as the independent management style. This sort of management guides the feedback of group members and coworkers, but the task of reaching the final decision lies with the participative head. The democratic leadership style raises workers’ self-esteem because workers make payments to the judgment-making method, thus making them feel like their opinion matters. Although this type of management style permits employees to feel part and parcel of the organization, the manager needs to be vigilant, ensuring no employee misuses the opportunity at the expense of their laid down responsibilities. This style allows challenges when organizations need to decide for a brief instance.
References
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: theory and application. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Kotterman, J. (2006). Leadership versus management: What’s the difference? The Journal for Quality and Participation, 29(2), 13-17. Retrieved from http://americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.americansentinel.idm.oclc.org/docview/219091679?accountid=169658
Response
Hi Alice, for the effective functioning of organizations, human resource and material resources need to be organized in a specific way. Besides, there should be an effective leader and manager, especially in healthcare professionals. Effective management and leadership in the healthcare system are crucial in strengthening both quality and integration of care. Therefore, it requires that healthcare management teams use leadership styles that promote patient safety through participation of all healthcare stakeholders. According to Mikkelsen & Olsen (2019), democratic leadership encourages harmony building, improves processes and systems, and democratic leaders focus on job satisfaction and the development of their staff. Democratic leadership focuses on establishing relationships between their employees while keeping an eye quality improvement of systems. Also, in democratic leadership, the leader encourages open communication, and staff members are involved in the decision-making process (Mikkelsen & Olsen, 2019). Staff members are often given responsibilities, are accountable, and provide feedback regarding their performance. By involving all staff in the decision-making process, participative leadership ensures that there is no resistance to the implementation of interventions that are reached at and the opinions of all stakeholders are considered, which boosts better decision-making. Although this kind of leadership style is effective, it is time consuming, and the leader should be vigilant and understand what is right and wrong to avoid implementation of decisions that would compromise the performance of the organization.
Reference
Mikkelsen, A., & Olsen, E. (2019). The influence of change-oriented leadership on work performance and job satisfaction in hospitals–the mediating roles of learning demands and job involvement. Leadership in Health Services
Discussion 1- Question 1
by Elizabeth Kroll – Wednesday, March 18, 2020, 3:16 PM
Number of replies: 1
I believe there is a strong relationship between leadership roles and management functions. In my view without good leadership skills one will never be all they can be as a manager. Our text describes functions of leaders to be those who delegate authority, obtain power through influence, focus on group process, feedback, empowerment and information gathering, emphasize interpersonal relationships, and direct willing followers (Marquis & Huston, 2017). In contrast managers are described as an assigned position, having a legitimate source of power, specific duties and responsibilities, directing both willing and unwilling subordinates, and manipulating situations and emphasizing control (Marquis & Huston, 2017). I firmly believe that in order to be a good manager one needs to have strong leadership skills.
There are many different leadership styles that one can use, these include authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. I feel it is important that good leaders learn when each of these leadership styles can be applied in a healthcare setting. One specific example of these leadership styles being used in a healthcare priority is using an authoritarian style of leadership during a code situation. During a code situation there should be someone running the code who has strong control over the work group, directs with commands, and communicates from the top down. During a code the team leader’s response is pivotal to the situation, as they are responsible for the distribution and coordination of subtasks and need to use clear and explicit communication (Hinski, p. 20. 2017). It has been proven that lack of good leadership in this situation can impact the team’s performance and lead to a poor patient outcome (Hinski, p. 20, 2017).
References
Hinski, S. (2017, November). Training the Code Team Leader as A Forcing Function to Improve Overall Team Performance During Simulated Code Blue Events. Retrieved from https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/194035/content/Hinski_asu_0010E_17454.pdf
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (9th Ed.). (2017). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Response
Hi Elizabeth, leadership is an essential component of effective management. Leadership behaviour emphasizes on building an environment where every employee develops and outshines (Girma, 2016). Although leadership is different from management in the sense that managers focus on getting things done through others by planning, organizing, directing, staffing, coordinating, and controlling, leaders mainly focus on the directing function of management by acting as an example to their followers. Managers use organizational strategies and processes to achieve organizational goals, while leaders build relationships, listen, inspire, encourage teamwork, persuade others, inspire, and motivate followers. According to Azad et al. (2017), effective managers should be good leaders. The authors further denote that both leadership and management skills are not exclusive of each other as they are both critical in achieving organizational goals. Azad et al., (2017) stipulates that to be an effective leader or manager, one should be competent in; manage knowledge and information to develop understanding and enhance communication when making decisions. Also, they should be able to lead people and provide direction while inspiring trust. Besides, a leader/ manager should meet the needs of customers, manage and drive change, and encourage creativity.
References
Azad, N., Anderson, H. G., Brooks, A., Garza, O., O’Neil, C., Stutz, M. M., & Sobotka, J. L. (2017). Leadership and management are one and the same. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 81(6).
Girma, S. (2016). The relationship between leadership style, job satisfaction and culture of the organization. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(4), 35-45.
BSN 415 Week 1 D1Q1
by Andria Bowser – Wednesday, March 18, 2020, 9:51 PM
Number of replies: 1
Management is the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (Saleh et al., 2018, p. 39). Leaders are those individuals who are out front, taking risks, attempting to achieve shared goals, and inspiring others to action (Marquis & Huston, 2017, p. 40).
Nursing as a profession has an emphasis on humanism because it is people centered and this has influenced leadership in this area. Research has shown links between leadership styles in nursing and nurse’s job satisfaction, job retention, quality of care, and hospital costs (Saleh et al., 2018, p. 197). I agree with this statement because working under a good manager or leader will create an environment of job satisfaction, which leads to the quality of patient care and retains nursing staff. This will help to prevent outrageous hospital costs due to attempting to recruit and retain staff. Having a dedicated manager or leader promotes teamwork. When I was in Bootcamp in the NAVY, my Recruit Division Commanders (RDCs) would always tell my division, “there is no I in the team.” We had to work as a team to accomplish our goal of making it thru boot camp and graduating, but we could not do it without each other. The same goes for management and upper leadership. We need to work as a team to accomplish our goals of patient care and safety.
One specific leadership style that a nurse can use to manage the nursing shortage is Transformational leadership. Transformational leadership characteristics include being able to articulate a shared vision of the future of the organization and encourage creative problem solving that demonstrates and supports and encouragement of staff (Kleinman, 2004, p. 129). Currently, at my facility there has been a mass exodus of nursing staff to other surrounding facilities. Next month’s schedule on my unit is not good due to there being not enough staff to care for the forty beds on my floor. My manager is stressed out at this time because she manages two units. After all, the manager of the other unit resigned. I feel my manager needs to talk to the staff on both units to let us know what is the plan to retain staff, hire more staff and how we are going to take care of the forty patients on the unit if not adequately staffed. Everyone is also concerned about the Covid-19 virus. By using the Transformational leadership style, my manager will include the staff in the decision-making process of retaining staff and coming up with feasible ideas to prevent nurse burn-out due to high nurse to patient ratios. My manager needs to look at us as a team. Together we can do accomplish anything.
References
Kleinman, C. S. (2004). Leadership: A Key Strategy in Staff Nurse Retention. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 35(3), 128–132. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from web-b-ebscohost-com.americansentilen.olc.org
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application (9th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Saleh, U., O’Connor, T., Al-Subhi, H., Alkattan, R., Al-Harbi, S., & Patton, D. (2018). The Impact of nurse managers’ leadership styles on ward staff. British Journal of Nursing, 27(4), 197–203. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from web-b-ebscohost-com.americansentinel.olc.org
Response
Hello Andria, leaders differ from managers by the manner they exert their powers. Leaders act as role models, while managers direct their subordinates to perform certain organizational functions. Often, leaders use their interpersonal relationship to influence their followers, while managers use designated powers by their organizations. However, for a manager to be effective, he/she should exhibit some leadership traits, which include effective communication, ability to manage resources, and be influential (Azad et al., 2017). Several studies have shown the correlation between leadership and management styles and patient and staff outcomes in the healthcare system. For instance, Boamah et al., (2018) argues that health organizations that employ transformational leadership created an environment where their employees had a more significant commitment to their job, had higher job satisfaction and performance, and higher levels of morale. Therefore, staff turnover in such cases is rare; thus, reduction in the rate of patient care errors. Besides, employees led by transformational leaders devote substantial efforts to ensure that their organizations are successful, and they feel that their work is valued, which in turn promotes staff retention.
References
Azad, N., Anderson, H. G., Brooks, A., Garza, O., O’Neil, C., Stutz, M. M., & Sobotka, J. L. (2017). Leadership and management are one and the same. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 81(6).
Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing outlook, 66(2), 180-189.