manufacturing of low-cost electricity and accessible resources
Electricity is the primary energy that makes the world run daily, without power can’t do any job, and the world is going to fight. This project focuses on the manufacturing of low-cost electricity and accessible resources — the primarily used for electrical power generation. The energy system is manually operated. This study discusses the design, evaluation, and feasibility of the bicycle generator. The complete design and usefulness of bike energy generation involve battery, production, bicycle, sprocket, inverter board, and chain, the bicycle’s back wheel, combined through the belt with the generator. The strap is positioned above the wheel’s rim. Differently, the belt is linked in sequence to the generator through the battery and the inverter board. The current life of the individuals is running with inevitable frequent power cuts of about three hours a day, which are hardly regulated by the wealthiest people using the electrical power generators, not by middle-class individuals. The two generator terminals are linked to the battery. The electricity is stored using the battery. It can be stored directly in the cell as the current produced in D.C. The bicycle generator is built according to the design. Because of the manual power, the biggest sprocket begins to rotate; this manual load is applied to the bicycle pedal. The most significant gear is linked by a simple chain to the tiny sprocket at the rear end. This study should know the produced electricity by the engineering methods in solving Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle.
The researcher’s conducted this study for an alternative way of harvesting electricity. Biking is convenient transportation in the past years from now. It is an essential discovery in a generation. It is for the means of using not only in transport but for exercise purposes. The results of this project study will help students to understand how simple bicycles can be used to generate electrical energy. Through preserving the efficiency of the analysis, prospective authors will be able to use this research concept as a basis for a good idea and awareness of the methods used in the processing of electrical energy through the bike. The objective is to identify the different ways of harvesting energy. Second, determine the possible purpose of harvesting. Don't use plagiarised sources.Get your custom essay just from $11/page
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Energy resources are the essential components of human life, and energy supply is the necessary requirement for society’s existence and development. By not using fuel gas or oil, the bicycle is one of the most proper equipment of these days that make a person move to any location. These venture to constructs the exercise equipment for Energy Harvesting Stationary Gym Bicycle as a part of gyms fitness at Urdaneta City University (UCU). The purpose of this display is to raise awareness of energy, fit students, and need to produce electricity. The primary aim here was to establish a compact until that would not extend beyond the diameter of the wheel. It is an essential consideration because the bike would keep set-up for stationary as much as possible, rather than having users move it indoor for lousy weather.
This research is aim at designing and developing energy harvesting stationary fitness bicycle. Specifically shall seek to answer the following objectives. The first is to identify the different methods of harvesting energy. Second, determine the possibility of energy harvesting. Third, identify the design features of the energy harvesting stationary fitness bicycle, then next is to test the performance of the bike in terms of power generations and last applying engineering techniques in the evaluation of the energy harvesting stationary fitness bicycle.
The study gave significance to Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle to the following beneficiary. This project is beneficial to Urdaneta City University Fitness Gym, which is why it provides fitness equipment that can be used for exercise but provides electrical energy. The results of this project study will help students to understand how simple bicycles can be used to generate electrical power. It also helps students understand how to create efficient energy through the implementation of the Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle project.
Through preserving the efficiency of the analysis, prospective authors will be able to use this research concept as a basis for a good idea and awareness of the methods used in the processing of electrical energy through the bike. This energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle will, therefore, help future researchers by using this as a simple collection of information and data in the development or enhancement of such research.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Solar Power Energy
The Solar Road is a modern type of solar energy transformer technology. This paper proposes a new photovoltaic thermal path because a solar road’s solar energy consumption potential is too small to solve this problem. Also, a mathematical model is developed for evaluating photovoltaic-thermal road thermal and electrical efficiency and is validated using experimental data. The findings show that the photovoltaic-thermal road system’s overall energy efficiency is 3.95 times that of a road system with photovoltaics. Also, solar radiation strength, photovoltaic cell packing factor, moving water mass flows rate, and durable surface transmissivity have positive effects on energy efficiency overall; Optimum asphalt concrete thermal conductivity would improve the overall energy efficiency; the recommended range of this benefit for this analysis is from 1.0 to 1.5 W/(m•K); the results of this study significantly contribute to the state of knowledge about photovoltaic-thermal road designs[1 ].
According to the San Francisco 49ers headquarters of Levi’s Stadium ®, solar energy was used to help generate power. Levi’s ® Stadium was powered by 1,186 solar panels installed on a wide terrace above the stadium with three pedestrian clean-energy bridges. Through using solar energy, we can have an environmentally friendly, pollution-free source of electricity. The light is the primary source of energy. The light and heat which comes from the sun directly are called solar energy. You may hear radiation often referred to as solar energy. In this essay, we will use those terms interchangeably. The force of the light enters the world in the shape of sunlit rays. Sunlight is a type of electromagnetic radiation, sometimes also called heat or light. That may sound very frustrating, but it turns out all of those concepts relate to energy types. The atoms will remove radiation for us to be able to use solar energy in useful ways. Another example of this cycle is when a seat at a football stadium receives radiation from the sun. The atoms that make up the seat of the arena consume the energy that allows the seat atoms to start vibrating more quickly. It helps the position feel hot from the perspective of the person attempting to relax in the seat. As the sun sets, the stadium seat atoms transfer the energy back into their environment, and as a consequence, the position gradually cools down. Heat transfer is the sharing of power between physical systems in the form of heat; for instance, between the sun and the stadium, benches turned out that beyond making things more relaxed, we can use solar energy to do other things [2 ].
Hydro Power Energy
Hydropower was one of the first sources of energy to be used in early industrial machines to spin wheels and conduct mechanical functions before being more commonly converted to generate electricity. Today, according to the International Energy Agency, hydropower is the world’s largest generator of renewable energy, responsible for nearly 17 per cent of the world’s fuel. Reducing larger projects built in China and Brazil has ensured that net capacity development has declined in recent years. However, it is still projected that total demand will rise by another 119GW by 2022. The growth of hydropower comes hand in hand with a global move towards renewable energy sources in a bid to reach the clean air targets set out in the Paris Agreement of 2015 and reduce carbon emissions from conventional fossil fuels.Hydropower comes from moving water and thus is a renewable source of energy with the only emissions happening during the hydropower plant building. In the phase, no water is absorbed, but electricity was generated from the water flow kinetic movement [3]. Hydroelectric power, also known as hydroelectric power or hydroelectric power is a form of energy that harnesses the strength of water in motion to generate electricity, such as water flowing over a waterfall. People made use of that power for millennia. People in Greece used flowing water over two thousand years ago to turn their mill’s wheel to ground wheat into flour. Many hydroelectric power stations have a water reservoir, a gate, or pipe to regulate how much water flows out of the river and an outlet or location where the water ends up after it runs downstream. Water absorbs potential energy just before it floods or falls down a hill above a dam. As the water flows downward, the potential energy converted into kinetic energy. The water can be used to transform a turbine’s blades to generate electricity delivered to the customers of the power plant[4 ].Hydropower was the world’s leading source of renewable energy, and as of 2016, it accounted for up to 71 per cent of that output. The potential was built up between 1920 and 1970 when thousands of dams are constructed in North America and Europe. Large projects came to a halt in developed nations because the best dam locations had already built, and environmental and social issues made the costs unsustainable. Throughout North America and Europe, more lakes have been demolished today than are being built. The hydropower industry pushed to build dams in the developing world and began building much greater Hydroelectric dams running along the Mekong River Basin, the Amazon River Basin, and the Congo Basin from the 1970s onward. The same issues were repeated: disturbing the ecosystem of the environment, erosion, depletion of marine and coastal habitat, creating significant greenhouse gasses, displacing thousands of people, and altering the livelihoods of residents, plus impacting the food systems, water quality, and local farmland. This paper discusses the prevalence of major dams in developing countries and the significance of integrating climate change into calculations of whether a dam should have constructed along with some of the problems of regulation and reimbursement. They also discuss the overestimation of benefits and expense underestimation, along with improvements needed to address the real social and environmental concerns of people residing in dam-planned areas. Ultimately, together with sun, wind, and other renewable sources, we are offering innovative solutions that can shift hydropower towards sustainable practices [5]. Hydropower is an important global tool for renewable energy. His growth, however, is followed by environmental and social disadvantages. Issues of environmental degradation and climate change can harm generating hydropower. A sustainable hydropower project is possible, but proper planning and careful design of the system are needed to address the challenges. Well planned hydroelectric dams will lead to sustainable energy supply. Power developers, creditors, and other stakeholders require up-to-date knowledge to make informed decisions on hydropower projects. Essentially, it’s a study document. In addition to using expert knowledge, the authors have read widely from publications, conference papers, studies, and some documentation to obtain secondary details on the subject. The paper discussed the world energy situation and how hydropower blends in as the answer to the global problem of sustainable energy. Issues surrounding the supply of hydropower supplies, infrastructure, ecology, and climate change were also addressed. Hydropower is environmentally sensitive, and climate change responsive. For global climate change, although the potential was projected to increase slightly internationally, certain countries may face a decline in opportunity for increased risks. Measures to adjust are needed to generate hydropower sustainably. These were addressed in the article, too [6].
Nuclear Power Energy
In the late 16th century, when the rising The expense of firewood caused average Londoners to turn slowly to gas, the preachers of Elizabethan railed against the fuel they used thought to be the excrement of the DevilCoal was dark, after all, filthy, contained in deep rocks — down to Hell in the centre of the earth — and heavily smelled of sulfur when it burned. It was challenging enough to turn to coal in houses that commonly lacked chimneys; although undoubtedly ecologically acceptable, the prompt settlement of an immediate energy supply issue was further complicated and postponed. For too many global warming activists, nuclear energy is the excrement of the Demon of today. We criticize it for its manufacture and use of nuclear materials, and the suspected waste disposal issue. Their disapproval of this mighty, low-carbon baseload energy source is misguided, in my opinion. Far from being the excrement of the Devil, nuclear power can and should be one of the significant components of our salvation from a colder, meteorologically, more damaging planet. The atomic force has advantages and disadvantages, like all energy sources. What are the costs of nuclear power?
First and foremost, since it provides energy by nuclear fission rather than chemical combustion, it creates baseload power that is the wicked dimension of global warming without carbon output. Switching from coal to natural gas constitutes a move towards decarbonization, as burning natural gas generates around half of burning coal’s carbon dioxide. Yet transitioning from coal to nuclear power is dramatically decarbonizing, as nuclear power plants only emit greenhouse gasses from the ancillary use of fossil fuels through their production, extraction, fuel refining, servicing, And dismantling — about as much as solar power, around 4 to 5 per cent as standard gas power plant [7]. The nuclear power plant is created by dividing atoms to unlock the centre or nucleus energy of those atoms. This atomic fission cycle generates heat that is guided to a refrigerant — usually water. The resultant steam spins a turbine that is attached to a generator and produces electricity [8]. These views and predictions are wholly contradictory By the same underlying data collection — the current nuclear power plants, the ones under development, the state of new technologies, the trend of costs and failures, and a few shocking incidents. Nuclear power is a study at Rorschach: You see what you want to see-a rosy fusion future, or a slow-moving old-world dinosaur spiral of death — reflecting your views of the present and future energy. No one will probably prove right or wrong for decades [9].
Wind Power Energy
New fishers used sails to catch the sea. Windmills were once used by the farmers to grind their grains and pump water. Now, wind turbines are continually wringing electricity from the breeze. Wind turbine use has risen by more than 25 per cent per year over the past decade. Nevertheless, it only provides a small fraction of the energy of the earth. Many wind energy comes from turbines, which can be as high as a 20-story building and have three 60-meter (200-foot) long blades. The wind spins the blades that transform a paired shaft into an electric generator. For one year, the main wind turbines produce enough power (about 12 megawatt-hours) to serve about 600 U.S. households. In particularly windy areas, wind farms have tens, and sometimes hundreds of these turbines lined up. Smaller turbines installed in a backyard will produce enough power for a single household or small business [10]. Wind power, a type of energy conversion in which turbines transform the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical or electrical energy, which can be used for electricity. Wind power is known as a form of renewable energy. Wind power in the shape of windmills has traditionally been used for such activities as grinding grain and pumping water for decades. Modern industrial wind turbines generate electricity through the use of rotational energy to power an electric generator. These consist of a blade or rotor and a structure called a nacelle housing a drive train on top of a high pole. The main turbines will generate 4.8–9.5 megawatts of power, have a rotor diameter of more than 162 meters (about 531 feet) and are connected to towers approximately 240 meters (787 feet) long. Wind turbine forms the most common (which generate up to 1.8 megawatts) are much smaller; they are about 40 meters long (around 130 feet) and mounted to poles about 80 meters (around 260 feet) high. Wind farms are regions in which a variety of wind turbines was clustered together, offering a greater total supply of energy [11].Whatever moves has kinetic energy, according to Warren Gretz, and scientists and engineers use kinetic energy from wind to generate electricity, wind energy or wind power was produced using a wind turbine, a system that channels wind power to produce electricity [12].For hundreds of years, we have been harnessing energy from the wind. Windmills are used to pump water or to grind grain from the old Holland to farms in the United States. Today, the modern equivalent of the windmill-a wind turbine-can use the energy of the wind power generation. Like windmills, wind turbines are mounted onto a tower to capture the most power. We will take advantage of the stronger and less volatile wind, at 100 feet (30 meters) or more above level. Turbines capture the strength of the wind with their blades like propellers. Two or three blades are usually mounted onto a shaft to create a rotor. The wind turbine was used as stand-alone systems, or they can be attached to a power grid or even paired with a solar cell photovoltaic network. A large number of wind turbines are usually built next to one another to create a wind farm for utility-scale wind energy sources. Energy harvesting (EH) it can be characterized as a process in which sources such as mechanical load, vibrations, temperature gradients, and light, etc., are scavenged and converted to obtain relatively small power levels within the range of nW-mW [14]. State control can minimize damage from system breakdowns, increase productivity and industrial health, and thus bring significant benefits to many sectors. The advent of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with smart processing capability plays an ever-growing role in electronic system state control. WSNs are resource-effective networking networks for tracking computer state. This prevents cable to use and enables device installation in manufacturing, resulting in significant savings. Powering the nodes is one of the main challenges for a true WSN network, especially when it was located in inaccessible or dangerous locations and harsh environments. Promising innovations for energy harvesting have drawn engineers ‘ interest as they transform microwatt or milliwatt level electricity from the atmosphere to incorporate maintenance-free computer status monitoring systems through WSNs. This analysis aims to explore energy sources, promote the implementation of WSNs based on energy harvesting, and evaluate the progress of mechanical condition monitoring energy harvesting systems, by investigating the power consumption of WSNs and potential energy sources in mechanical systems. This paper overviews the principles of several energy harvesting technologies applicable to industrial machinery. Several models or prototypes, particularly in the mechanical area, are checked with different features. Energy harvesting techniques were evaluated for further development, based on their benefits and disadvantages are compared. Eventually, a review was done on the problems and potential future work of energy harvesting systems that control WSNs for machine condition monitoring [15].
Piezoelectric energy
With the creation of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the last few years, the operating performance of centralized environmental wireless sensor networks (EWSNs) has greatly improved. EWSNs Required extensive system structure and sophisticated monitoring to achieve the long-term, minimally controlled activity. This article focuses on power supplies that provide energy in environmental applications to operate wireless sensor nodes. In this context, EWSNs has two distinct features that distinguish them from the monitoring systems in other applications. These are often used in remote areas, avoiding the use of power supply and stopping daily battery swap visits at the same time; their environments generally offer opportunities to collect and use ambient energy to (partly) drive the sensor nodes. This study provides a comprehensive description of energy harvesting methods, energy storage equipment, and related topologies of energy harvesting systems. Current trends and future directions in these areas are also covered [16]. Scientists have been developing energy harvesting techniques for small and low power electronic equipment for more than two decades as an alternative to conventional power sources (e.g., batteries). A recurring concern with wearable, remote and implantable systems was the short lifetime and needed for regular battery recharging or replacement. Ambient energy can generally found in the form of electric, thermal, and vibrational energy. Vibration energy has, among these sources of energy, a pervasive role in nature and human-made structures. Various structures and transduction systems are capable of transforming vibratory energy into usable electric energy, such as a piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic generator. Piezoelectric transducers have been extensively studied to generate the power from vibration energy sources with their intrinsic electromechanical coupling and high power density compared to the electromagnetic and electrostatic transducer. In 2007 the authors presented a technical study of piezoelectric energy harvesting methods and reported it in this article. Since 2007, countless researchers have developed new fabrics, transduction systems, electrical circuits, and theoretical models to optimize different aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesting instruments addition; in the last decade, several researchers have documented novel applications of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology. While the literature in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesting has grown significantly since 2007, this article updates the authors ‘ previous review paper by summarizing the significant developments in the region of piezoelectric power harvesting over the past decade [17]. Wireless data storage methods are widely used in electronic devices in the present day. To control the power supply must be linked. Wires, other power can be supplied from batteries that require effort in charging, repairing, and other repairs. Furthermore, certain alternative methods need to create to maintain the batteries charged full time and to eliminate the need for any consumable external source of energy to charge the batteries. Mechanical energy harvesting uses piezoelectric components where deformations generated by different means directly converted through piezoelectric effect to electric charge. In this study, the proposed analysis proposes Piezoelectricity as an alternate source of energy. The aim is to achieve a pollution-free source of energy and to use and minimize the waste of energy. The current work also shows the operating theory of piezoelectric crystal and the various vibration origins for the crystal [18]. Depending on the level of the pedestrians and piezoelectric systems, piezoelectric floors produce several microwatts up to many watts per phase. Although several serious studies have focused on collecting power from piezo-electric floor tiles, the application of Piezo-electricity is still hindered by many factors, which lead to the deprivation of the advantages of this technology. The research focuses on how to maximize the benefits of piezoelectric energy harvesting indoor spaces in buildings, based on the different weights of each use factor and the integration of different types of piezoelectric technology capabilities [19]. Recent progress in the integration of ultralow-power devices, communication electronics, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has powered the evolving wireless sensor network (WSN) technology. WSNs ‘ spatially distributed nature also demands that the batteries control the sensor nodes individually. One of the main drawbacks of WSN’s efficiency and longevity is the limited capacity of these finite power sources, which must be replaced, and manually when exhausted. The embedded design of some of the sensors and the dangerous sensing environment makes replacing batteries are complicated and costly fact, the embedded design of some of the sensors and the dangerous sensing environment makes replacing batteries very difficult and costly. Energy harvesting opens up the possibility of self-powered systems that are universal and fully autonomous, and for energy replenishment without human intervention. Mechanical vibrations are an attractive ambient source among ambient energy sources such as solar energy, heat, and wind, mainly because they are widely available and are suitable for the use of piezoelectric materials that can transform mechanical stress energy into electrical energy. This paper provides a succinct analysis of piezoelectric microgenerators and nanogenerators as a means of renewable energy for wireless sensor power [20].
Thermal energy
The body temperature is responsible for the thermal energy or heat. You may calculate the cold in terms of Celsius or Fahrenheit. The unit used to measure household temperatures is called a thermometer. The body or device temperature is directly proportional to the object’s speed of movement of particles says, pace quicker, a temperature higher, and vice versa. Without any heat loss, thermal energy was converted to other forms of energy. The reality can be used for human use. For example, the thermal energy was converted to food energy in toasters, microwaves, stoves. Which occurs if a kettle of water was drained out onto the oven? The stove’s thermal energy makes the potions, and therefore the water particles move faster. As a result, the heated element’s internal energy is transferred to the bath, and then to water. The transition from one medium to another of thermal energy is called heat. Therefore heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one medium to the next one should not mistake the fact that heat and thermal energy are similar. Not the same. If the internal energy keeps rising, the water reaches its boiling point and starts evaporating. That is because the water temperature is increasing. In large plants, thermal energy converted for use in homes, factories, into electric power. Geothermal is physical, thermal energy. These days, it’s also been turned into electricity [21]. Thermal energy storage allows cooling to be generated at night when the utility has excess capacity and stored during peak times for use the next day. Coldwater, or even ice, is made from this energy during off-peak hours and stored inside some sort of tank for energy storage. The stored ice was used the next day to refrigerate the inhabitants of the house. Instead, on-site renewable resources such as solar and local tariffs, the facility can operate on energy storage or just the chiller depending on cooling demands or availability. This will give smarter and zero-energy buildings more than flexibility. Thermal storage systems also can store renewable energy such as wind, which blows mainly at night [22]. People have plenty of heat from the sun during the day in large parts of the developing world, but most of the cooking takes place later in the evening, when the sun is down, using fuel — like wood, brush or dung — which is collected with considerable time and effort. A new chemical composite developed by researchers at MIT may now offer an alternative. It could be used to store heat from the sun or any other outlet during the day in some kind of thermal battery, and it could release the heat if needed, for example, for cooking or after dark heating. A typical thermal storage solution is to use what is known as PCM (Phase Change Material), where input heat melts the material and retains energy from stable to liquid, and its phase change.. When the PCM is cooled down below its melting point, it becomes a solid again, at which point the energy extracted is released as heat. There are many examples of such materials, including waxes or fatty acids used for applications at low temperatures, and molten salts used at high temperatures. But all current PCMs require a lot of insulation, and they change temperature uncontrollably through that process, losing their stored heat relatively quickly. Then, the new system uses molecular switches, which turn shape in light response; when incorporated into the PCM, the hybrid material’s phase-change temperature can be changed with light, allowing the phase-change thermal energy to be retained well below the original material’s melting point [22].
Chapter 3
ENERGY HARVESTING STATIONARY
FITNESS BICYCLE
ABSTRACT¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
At a time when energy crisis casting its shadow all over the world, one has to look into alternative renewable energy resources. One such alternative way of generating power was presented in this paper. The rotating energy of the pedal of the bicycle can be used to create electricity at small levels. It is a useful machine where there is a lack of power; also, the cost is meagre. Easy to maintain and make. Moreover, it is a good exercise of pedalling, which makes us fit. There a lot of future scopes to extend this model to bikes and other vehicles like cars, already some prototype models with cars were being developed to extend this concept. The complete design and feasibility of bike energy generation involve battery, generator, bicycle, sprocket, inverter board, and chain. The bicycle’s front wheel combined through connects by the used belt to the alternator.
On the other hand, the belt is linked in sequence to the generator and the inverter board. The current life of the individuals is running with inevitable frequent power cuts of about three hours a day, which are hardly regulated by the wealthiest people using electrical power generator and not by middle-class individuals. The generator’s terminal is linked directly to the battery. It can be stored directly in the as the current products in the DC form. The bicycle generator is built according to the design. Because of the manual power by using the biggest sprocket begins to rotate, this manual load is applied to the bicycle’s pedal. The most significant gear is connected by a simple chain to the tiny sprocket at the rear end.
Introduction
The focus of this study is on computing the operational hours of the alternator and its speed of rotation on gear. The duration of each operation is dependent upon the combination of constrained resources allocated to it. As per the design, the bicycle generator is constructed. In this manual load is applied on the bicycle pedal due to the manual force, the largest sprocket starts of rotated. The most significant gear is connected with the small equipment in the back end by the simplex chain. Thereby the low material also starts to turn. The little material is placed in the centre shaft of the front wheel. So that the rotating motion of the centre shaft transmitted to the front wheel thereby the front wheel also rotates. The front wheel is connected by belt too with the alternator. Now the motion is sent to the alternator. The alternator converts this mechanical motion electrical energy. Researchers provided Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle within the Urdaneta City University Campus. It was conducted in the First Semester of Academic Year 2019-2020. This project study conceptualized by three primary concepts: Speed of the Pedal Rotation on Wheel as a mechanical part, Gearing set up as the solution for lacking rotation and the Alternator Cutting Flux as the Result. The entire design of bicycle power generation and its feasibility includes; Battery, Generator, Bicycle, Sprocket, inverter board, Stand for Generator, Chain, and Belt. On the other side, the pulley placed over the generator through the battery and inverter board is connected in series. The two terminals from the generator combined with the battery. The battery is used to store the electricity as the current produced in the D.C form it can be directly saved in the cell. The inverter board is coupled with the battery to convert the D.C current to A.C current. Finally, the inverter board is connected with the power terminal for power supply.
Conceptual Framework
This study intends to explain the process that a bicycle generation gets, which can be used to measure the effectiveness and procedure or the performance of the bicycle.
Input
They have two or more gears meshed together, the equipment attached to the motor or alternator is called the input gear and the gear attached to the wheel. Gear ratios can also be computed for multiple gear trains using the same approach when we are considering the sprocket in the pedal. A gear ratio is calculated as the ratio of the number of teeth on the output gear versus the number of teeth on the input gear the drive gear. The time interval was computed by the use of the taco meter that we used in the project.
Process
The main focus of this work is to propose a new design concept of the a bike-sharing scheme using axiomatic design principles, a the idea that consists of an updated bike-sharing model that can help solve some of the challenges faced by traditional models whilst meeting the needs of the user and the basic engineering specifications of the current ride-sharing project.
Output
In the end, the results show that the constructed system is capable of collecting (some) the energy generated by the biker on a stationary bike, but the power made depends heavily on the system’s limitations before reaching the point of accumulation. Overall, the results show that the designed system is capable of collecting (some) generated by the biker on a stationary bike, but the output of the stationary bike. It will help UCU students exercise more efficiently and generating electricity by pedalling. It helps society to produce electricity and eco-friendly way and not harm tour global community. The way to construct the bicycle, the materials needed are cheaper than the other stationary bike that could not have to generate electricity. For essential thing, in this project, because this is the number one matter to buy materials. In pedalling the bike, the chain through the sprocket will also rotate that connect into the alternator that produces electricity. By continuous pedal, the generating will also continue generating electricity. The researchers personally administered the research instruments to the respondents. The current created is in the form of D.C so that it can be directly stored in the battery. The inverter board is used to convert the D.C current into A.C current, and then it sent to the supply port. The analysis of bicycle power generation and its feasibility was done successfully. Even though there is something that needs to improve in our project, so we encourage and motivate the students and juniors of our college to build up the bicycle generator with more efficiency, like adding flywheel for increasing the rate of power production and provide some mechanism for continuous pedalling. And further developments like attaching generator core with the cycle wheel and make the cycle wheel to act as a generator when it is rotated and set the wheel in various positions to find the most effective power production. The belt the generator can be connected with pulley can drive. Otherwise, the generator can be attached to the centre shaft of the front wheel. Bicycle power generation analyzes, and their feasibility was completed. While our project needs to be enhanced, we encourage and inspire our college students and juniors to create a more powerful bicycle generator, such as adding flywheel to increase the power speed.
This chapter discusses the methodology used in conducting the study, research design, data gathering techniques, data sources and analytical tools that served as the researcher’s guide to achieving the study’s objectives and obtaining more relevant results. Research methods include technical papers, journals, newspapers and informative magazines, how to implement the device by using details of the web successfully. The study also underwent a brainstorming process to fully optimize the project prototype device that would produce a better result that is close to the existing device concept. In this project, researchers issue different research and information gathering methods to provide a reliable form of information to support the study.
Feature of Bicycle
The energy harvesting stationary exercise bicycle is a different design, not just the other current harvesting bicycle. The construction of the bike was more brainstorming and analysis to build it. The front wheel has a diameter of 26 inches rim, and that rim is connected to the centre axel of the bike. This project intends to build a straight forward human-powered generator from a used bicycle and to use it to power light bulbs, cell phones, laptops, and other small appliances. This project will help one develop engineering skills while learning about a clean way of generating electricity. Before continuing with the actual bicycle generator, one should understand how it works and the components that make it up. View the PowerPoint presentation before moving on to the next step. The main goal was to develop a modular and straightforward system that can be used both in gyms and at home without special mechanical or electrical skills. The basic idea is to connect a bicycle to a static system capable of transforming the rotation of the pedals into electric energy.
Research Methodology
Research design and the methodology can be described as a survey strategy and framework designed to provide answers to research questions on business aspects. The study strategy or concept shapes the final testing cycle program. The design and the methodology framework of the entire research process, is starting from formulating objectives, developing hypotheses, to the final evaluation of collecting primary data.
Project Identification. A statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question in theory, or in a practice that points to the need for significant understanding and considered investigation.
Project Assessment. In the process by which the researchers planned and evaluated the study. In this part, the researchers consider some environmental in energy sufficiency in the crisis issues and how to deal with it. This project can guarantee to reduce calories. The researcher conducted, planned and analyzes the materials needed to construct the prototype.
MaterialGathering. Researchers need to obtain the necessary equipment and components for the construction of the project in this section. All materials need to be accurate to ensure the desired result of the project without costing defective parts.
Project Design. The researcher’s gathering and fulfilling all the resources and specifications needed to support the design. Designing is required to provide a recommendation on how the project is designed and built. In the development phase, an idea or theory of how to create a plan, or how to begin a model, is required.
Project Development. After collecting the required materials and designing the project, we mount it to carry out our plan. The next procedure is to assemble the bike and attach the battery to the inverter.
Project Testing. To complete the assembly and prototype of the project, the Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle will be tested to ensure that the said project is working well and that there are no problems. It is also time for time trial testing to see that the prototype can handle and satisfy the specified concepts.
Results and Evaluation. It is the stage where the researchers will forestall future problems with the Fitness Bicycle. It could be in interconnections of the alternator, battery and inverter loads are not connected and to analyze and monitoring all voltages, currents and performance curves of dynamic and static electrical machines.
Project Presentation. The project launching found to be capable and ready for final defence. The outcome is done correctly working and has been refining.
Students. It will help UCU students exercise more efficiently and generating electricity by pedalling.
Environment. It helps society to produce electricity and eco-friendly way and not harm tour global community.
Cost. To constructing the bicycle, the materials needed are cheaper than the other stationary bike that could not have to generate electricity. Price is an essential thing in this project because this is the number one matter to buy materials.
Method. In pedalling the bike, the chain through the sprocket will also rotate that connect into the alternator that produces electricity. By continuous pedal, the generating will also continue generating electricity. The researchers personally administered the research instruments to the respondents.
Cause
The reasons for this inadequate access to electricity in developing countries are the absence of energy sources such as gas, oil or nuclear energy and, even where these sources exist, the lack of sufficient infrastructure to tap existing resources.
Effect
Electrification has had a wide-ranging impact on the living conditions of households, schools, and communities whose daily lives were made more accessible by choice of fonts. Besides, the most significant influence over these decades is the lack of energy, high electricity generation, fewer jobs, less economical, and social growth.
Hardware Requirements
These are the essential materials needed to construct the feasibility project. The researcher finds a way to conceptualize and analyze how to build efficient bicycle generator by using the materials discovered.
This study investigates the feasibility of using an alternator as a means of harvesting from stationary exercise bicycles. A switch-mode converter was designed to regulate the current in the alternator rotor winding, thus controlling the power required to pedal, and consequently the power output of the bike.
Alternator. An alternator is an AC electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, and it cost Php 8,800.00. In the project, the alternator is connected front wheel used by belt to the motor to spin it when pedalling the stationary bike.
Battery. This battery used in the project 50 ampere-hour ratings. It costs Php 2,900.00 serves as a storage component to the generated electricity by using the stationary bicycle.
Belt. It serves as a connector to the pedal into the alternator, and its use for the alternator rotates when the clutch is making use of exercise. It cost Php 360.00.
Current to generate the magnetic field in the rotor comes from the ignition switch and passes through the voltage regulator. Since the rotor is spinning, we need a way to connect this current from the regulator to the spinning rotor. This is achieved by wires in the rotor attached to the two spinning loaded brushes which rub against two slip rings.
To convert alternating current (AC) directly to direct current (DC), this which done by using a series of 6 diodes that are mounted in a rectifier assembly. A diode allows current to flow in one direction. If voltage tries to fly another route, it is blocked. The six diodes are arranged so that all energy coming from the alternator is aligned in one direction, with this converting AC into DC. There are two diodes for each of three sets of winding in the stator. The two diodes are facing opposite directions, one with the North Pole facing the wind and the other with the South Pole facing the windings. This arrangement causes the Alternating current (AC) coming out of the windings to be converted to Direct Current (DC) before it leaves the alternator through the terminal B. Connect to the B terminal alternator is a reasonably heavy wire that runs straight to the battery.
. The regulated voltage can be measured with a multimeter, but this reading can appear correct even if the alternator has a diode fault that reduces the output. The field current approximately six to eight amps energize the rotor which then induces an electric current in the stator as it is rotated.
In this study, researchers have concluded several theories and gathered information and ideas in different resources to come up with sufficient content of data information to support the research.
Research methods are through books, technical papers, websites, and informative magazines. To make the said project more efficient and adaptable in this modern-day, researchers had undergone a long period of study regarding the transformer trainer. The study also has experienced to brainstorming process to fully optimize the project model device that would give a better result that is close to the existing device concept.
This project study will follow with the Project paradigm that adapted from former engineering students who completed their project study. By the test of the project, the 20 rpm in that the researcher has read that has 0 voltage output come from the alternator and for the second test for 50 rpm, there is an output voltage of 0.3 volts read by the voltmeter, and the last is 70 rpm at 0.5 voltages. The more speed is of the alternator is much bigger output voltages.
For the second test of the project, the output voltage of the second design is much higher than the first test conducted by the researcher. In this time, the project is re-design for much bigger and better by the use of the wheel as the figure shown in figure 3.4.
In the table, the first trial that the researcher response that the 87-89 km/hr read in taco meter interval for 1 minute. In the 2 minutes interval runs for 86-90 km/hr read in the taco meter and the third interval, 5 minutes runs 87-90 km/hr.
By the entire test, this type is more efficient in producing electricity through the rotation of alternator connected use. By using this stationary bicycle in the trial, the output produced is 7.1 volts, and the overall time is 1 hour and 13 minutes and 5 seconds. The battery has 4.9 volts when we start the trial.
By the use of the voltmeter, it will see the generating voltage that the alternator’s output voltage. The taco meter used to calculate the velocity of the alternator and the distance that travels by the user of this project.
Base on the trial of the researcher, 5 watts led bulb used consumed 1.2 volts in the battery, used by 7 hours continuously. The next is the speaker consumed 0.5 volts in the battery in 2 hours used, and the last trial is cell phone charger (Oppo A3s) consumed 0.3 volts in the battery 4 hours continuously.
Conclusion
The model named “Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle” can be an additional resource in the engineering laboratory. This is operated manually hence allowing the students to perform the hands-on operation. This factor increases their exposure to technical aspects of DC motor generation. Our generator is capable of outputting about 14 volts total, but with our gear ratio and average human pedalling speeds, we were able to achieve about half of this power output.
Recommendation
Based on the findings and conclusions formulated, the following suggestions are drawn for the project improvement:
- The Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle should be applying by Urdaneta City University Fitness Gym to equip with additional equipment to efficiently and reliably conserve energy.
- Further study should be implemented to improve the projects system design
Chapter 4
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter demonstrates the Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations of the project study entitled “Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle”.
Summary
Based on the results and findings, the project, namely “Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle” has been completed and working. The project is constructed to provide students of Urdaneta City University (UCU) Fitness Gym for better knowledge and wisdom on how better to save energy by using an uncomplicated bicycle through using the “Energy Harvesting 4Stationary Fitness Bicycle” a better perceptive and understand on how efficiently conserved by operating this prototype.
The Project Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle is accomplished through several testing and trials made by the researchers. Hence students only see electrical energy generating using bicycles through internets, books, and other learning materials, by this prototype project, it will be a considerable impact to aid or give students some understanding by actually seeing energy generated by a bicycle. Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness
The Bicycle also gives students an idea that could help them to develop their way on how to improve the project that will provide better output, and efficiently collecting sufficient energy.
Conclusion
The model named “Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle” can be an additional resource in the engineering laboratory. This is operated manually hence allowing the students to perform the hands-on operation. This factor increases their exposure to technical aspects of DC motor generation.
The generator is capable of producing 14 volts per hour, but with our gear ratio and average human pedalling speeds, we were able to achieve about half of this power output.
Recommendation
Based on the findings and conclusions formulated, the following suggestions are drawn for the project improvement:
- The Energy Harvesting Stationary Fitness Bicycle should be applied by Urdaneta City University Fitness Gym to Installing with additional equipment to efficiently and reliably conserve energy.
- Further studies should be implemented to improve the project’s system design. Bicycle power generation analyzes, and their feasibility was completed. While our project needs to be enhanced, we encourage and inspire our college students and juniors to create a more powerful bicycle generator, such as adding flywheel to increase the power speed.
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Operation Manual
Just like an ordinary bicycle used in the road, this project needs to exert energy to the pedal to rotate the gear to generate electricity to the generator. In this way, the generated power was stored in the battery. The clutch gets hard to pedal; it means the generator generates power now. The created ability depends on how fast is the rotation of pedal.
Appendix B Pictures of Prototype
The bicycle stand setup consists of two parts: (1) the support structure, and (2) the gear design. The support structure has a straightforward design in which we use a front wheel and cut the back of the bicycle to make it simple.
Assembling the Base
The width is 2 feet, and the length 5 feet 5 inches wood is used to create a stand atop which the bicycle axel is mounted to angle brackets. The position was made to approximately the same width as from pedal to pedal, thereby providing the necessary stability when climbing on/off and driving.
Set up the alternator.
The generator sits very snugly in drilled out pieces of plywood. The setup we constructed is exceptionally durable with minimal undesired movement (e.g. shaking the generator itself). The gear design is especially unique. Based on the generator we selected, we needed a gear ratio high enough to spin the generator sufficiently such that it charges the battery.
Gear set up
This is due to the following equation: Gear Ratio * Pedaling Speed = Speed of the Generator The battery is charged at about 13 volts, which was achievable with our generator given a gear ratio of at least 34:1. To reach this, we have a chain running from the most massive 48-tooth gear at the pedals to the smallest on the rear wheel axle, a 14-tooth gear.