Microbiology essay
Respiratory tract illnesses are infections that affect parts of the respirational systems. These respiratory illnesses affect nasal channels, bronchi, and lungs. The bacteria responsible for these diseases include the Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria utilize different mechanisms to cause infections. Bordetella pertussis, which is a Gram-negative and aerobic pathogen, is a causative agent of pertussis. Bordetella pertussis releases various biological antigens, which include the pertussis toxin, filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA), Agglutinogens, Adenylate Cyclase, Pertactin, and Tracheal Cytotoxin. These elements are control pertussis that is attached to the cilia of the breathing epithelial cells and releases contaminants, which paralyzes the cilia. The significance of the Superoxide dismutase and catalase is to enable Bordetella pertussis to break the defense mechanism of the host. The anti-B Pertussis antibodies respond to Bordetella pertussis
Streptococcus pneumoniae are Gram-positive bacteria, which causes pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, septicemia, and meningitis. It is a commensal organism, which exists in the respiratory tract without harming it (Bogaert, Debby, Ronald, and Hermans, pg. 150). The Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus pneumonia disintegrates the red blood cells and produces hydrogen peroxide, which damages the DNA, and kills cells within the lungs. The IgA antibody (AB) responds to infections caused by this bacterium. Corynebacterium diptheriae is a causative pathogen responsible for diphtheria. Based on colonial morphology and biochemical profiles, Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes infections through the production of diphtheria toxins such as gravis, mitis, intermediate, and Belfanti in the respiratory system. It may produce bacteremia such as endocarditis and abscesses that are non-toxigenic strains. Diphtheria toxic antibodies, acquired through immunization, respond to Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause infections.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) is a pathogenic bacteria and a causative agent of tuberculosis. When this bacterium is introduced in the body through mechanisms such as shaking hands with an infected person, it spread through dividing itself every 15-20 hours (Van, Reinout, Tom, and Jos, pg. 302). The human body produces highly- avid IgG antibodies, which cover the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, therefore inhibiting its spread. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate aerobe since it requires oxygen to grow.