Mitosis

Mitosis

Question 1

Mitosis is defined as the process of asexual cells’ reproduction. There are four stages involved in mitosis, namely, anaphase, metaphase, telophase, and prophase (Clift & Schuh, 2013). During prophase, chromosomes usually condense and turn out to be more noticeable. Then, spindle fibers begin emerging from the centromere in the opposite poles of the cell. Throughout metaphase, chromosomes develop aligned from the metaphase plate. Next, the sister chromatids take place. Therefore, they are then dragged towards the poles, which are the opposite. The sister chromatids are now known as chromosomes. During the telophase, chromosomes reached the opposite poles for the cell (Ortiz-Barrientos et al. 2016). Additionally, the nuclear envelop material environs them, and the chromosomes begin de-condensing. During the process of cytokinesis, the two daughter cells are divided by the furrow.

Figure 1Mitosis

During the development of the unborn child, there are divisions of mitosis (Ortiz-Barrientos et al. 2016). Therefore, the first stage during the development of an unborn child is rapid cell divisions within a cleavage (zygote), forming a blastula spherical. Then, the cell division via which the zygote divides is called mitosis. Again, the blastula is a thirty-two cell structure which comprises a cavity layer at the center. The blastula forms a blastocyst through arranging the cells into only two layers. The trophoblast is the name given to the out cell layer (Clift & Schuh, 2013). In the following stage of blastula development, there is cell rearranging themselves in three layers of cells. The process is called gastrulation. Each of the cell’s layers is a germ layer that provides rise to various organs.

Figure 2 The division in the unborn

Question 2

Advantages of mitosis

• Mitosis makes identical copies of the primary cells. It permits the skin or the liver to be an identical cell as well as permitting plants as being able to the production of mass leaving identical properties.

Disadvantages

• If it is not controlled, it might lead to cancer.
• The mitosis which is malfunctioned can cause aneuploidy which results in cancer

Advantages of meiosis

• Meiosis gradually reshuffles the genes subsequent in a significant variety of offspring. Without meiosis, all people would look alike. It also permits every offspring to be different and better than the parent.

Disadvantages of meiosis

Organisms cannot reproduce entirely by themselves, but they should get another organism to reproduce. However, it takes much of time as well as energy than being capable of regenerating a clone via mitosis.

The cell divisions are several. Again, they help in the healing of the wound. They are helping in replacing and repairing dead, old cells. The division of mitotic is that division via which there is the development of an embryo to a grown baby (Ortiz-Barrientos et al. 2016). The cells of a usual patient whose cells in the body are able to repair by themselves reproduce via the process called mitosis. However, the cell division in the unborn baby happens via the mitosis process.

Question 3

Specifically, malfunction of mitosis might result in a condition called aneuploidy. However, it might grow into cancer. A malfunction within mitosis may result in a non-disjunction of the chromosomes that can result in an extra chromosome within a cell or removal of chromosomes from the cell. The condition is termed as aneuploidy within the cells. Haploid and diploid development can be altered through the repairing of cells from the can and reproduction development malfunction due to meiosis and mitosis process (Goodenough & Heitman, 2014). Malfunctioning of mitosis is the cause of altering diploid and haploid because the process of the unborn baby happens via mitosis. Also, it is due to the non-disjunction of chromosomes.

References

Clift, D., & Schuh, M. (2013). Restarting life: fertilization and the transition from meiosis to         mitosis. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 14(9), 549-562.

Goodenough, U., & Heitman, J. (2014). Origins of eukaryotic sexual reproduction. Cold Spring    Harbor perspectives in biology, 6(3), a016154.

Ortiz-Barrientos, D., Engelstädter, J., & Rieseberg, L. H. (2016). Recombination rate evolution    and the origin of species. Trends in ecology & evolution, 31(3), 226-236.